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CHAPTER 2
INDICATORS & Ph Scale:-
1. An aqueous solution turns red litmus solution blue. Excess addition of which of the following solution would reverse the change?
(a) Baking powder (b) Lime (c) Ammonium hydroxide solution (d) Hydrochloric acid.
2. A sample of soil is mixed with water and allowed to settle. The clear supernatant solution turns the pH paper yellowish-orange.
Which of the following would change the colour of this pH paper to greenish-blue? (a) Lemon juice (b) Vinegar (c) Common salt
(d) An antacid.
3. Which of the following statements is correct about an aqueous solution of an acid and of a base? (i) Higher the pH, stronger the
acid (ii) Higher the pH, weaker the acid (iii) Lower the pH, stronger the base (iv) Lower the pH, weaker the base (a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv).
4. The pH of the gastric juices released during digestion is (a) less than 7 (b) more than 7 (c) equal to 7 (d) equal to 0.
5. Which one of the following can be used as an acid–base indicator by a visually impaired student? (a) Litmus (b) Turmeric (c)
Vanilla essence (d) Petunia leaves.
6. On putting a drop of liquid on a pH paper a student observes a small patch of blue color on pH paper. The liquid is most probably-
a) H₂O b) HCl c) NaOH d) H₂SO4
7. The correct method of finding the pH of solution is- a) Heat the solution in test-tube and expose the pH paper to the vapours
formed b) Pour solution on pH paper c) Dip the pH paper in solution d) Put a drop of solution on pH paper using droppe
8. The colour obtained on pH paper for highly acid, basic and neutral solutions are respectively. a) blue, orange, green b) yellow,
blue, green c)red, blue, green d) red, green, blue
9. Four student-'A', 'B', 'C' and D measured pH value of water, lemon juice and sodium bicarbonate solution. The student who has
expressed correct pH values in decreasing order. a) Water > lemon juice > Sod. bicarbonate solution b) Lemon juice > Water >
Sod. bicarbonate solution c) Sod. bicarbonate solution > water > lemon juice d) Water > Sod. bicarbonate solution > lemon juice
10. If we add some sodium carbonate in distilled water, the pH of solution will be- a) less than 7 b) more than 7 c) exactly 7 d) very
close to 7
11. Define universal indicator & olfactory indicators.
12. A white shirt has a yellow stain of curry. When soap is rubbed on this shirt during washing, the yellow stain turns reddish-brown.
On rinsing the shirt with plenty of water, the reddish-brown stain turns yellow again. (a) Name the natural indicator present in
curry stain. (b) Explain the changes in colour of this indicator which take place during washing and rinsing the shirt. (c) What is
the nature of soap (acidic/basic) as shown by the indicator present in curry stain ?
13. The pH values of six solutions A to F are given below : A = 0, B = 11, C = 6, D = 3, E = 13, F = 8. Which of the above solutions are (i)
acids (ii) alkalis ?
14. (a) The pH of a cold drink is 5. What will be its action on blue and red litmus solutions ? (b) The pH values of three acids A, B and
C having equal molar concentrations are 5.0, 2.8 and 3.5 respectively. Arrange these acids in order of the increasing acid
strengths.
15. (a) What would you expect the pH of pure water to be ? (b) What colour would the universal indicator show in an aqueous
solution of sugar ? Why ? (c) A sample of rain water turned universal indicator paper yellow. What would you expect its pH to be
? Is it a strong or a weak acid ?
ACIDS & BASES:-
16. Which among the following is not a base? (a) NaOH (b) KOH (c) NH4OH (d) C2H5 OH.
17. During the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas on a humid day, the gas is usually passed through the guard tube containing
calcium chloride. The role of calcium chloride taken in the guard tube is to (a) absorb the evolved gas (b) moisten the gas (c)
absorb moisture from the gas (d) absorb Cl– ions from the evolved gas.
18. Calcium phosphate is present in tooth enamel. Its nature is (a) basic (b) acidic (c) neutral (d) amphoteric.
19. Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of acidic strength? (a) Water <Acetic acid <Hydrochloric acid (b) Water
<Hydrochloric acid <Acetic acid (c) Acetic acid <Water <Hydrochloric acid (d) Hydrochloric acid <Water <Acetic acid.
20. If a few drops of a concentrated acid accidentally spills over the hand of a student, what should be done? (a) Wash the hand with
saline solution (b) Wash the hand immediately with plenty of water and apply a paste of sodium hydrogen carbonate (c) After
washing with plenty of water apply solution of sodium hydroxide on the hand (d) Neutralise the acid with a strong alkali.
21. To protect tooth decay we are advised to brush our teeth regularly. The nature of the tooth paste commonly used is (a) acidic (b)
neutral (c) basic (d) corrosive.
22. Which of the following phenomena occur, when a small amount of acid is added to water? (i) Ionisation (ii) Neutralisation (iii)
Dilution (iv) Salt formation (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv).

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23. Which of the following substance will not give carbon dioxide on treatment with dilute acid? (a) Marble (b) Limestone (c) Baking
soda (d) Lime.
24. A student added Zn grannules to dil HCl and made following observations:- (i) The surface of Zn become black (ii) A colourless gas
evolved which burns with pop/sound (iii) The solution remains colourless. The correct observations are- a) land Il b) I and III c) II
and III d) I, II and III
25. Which of the following is acidic in nature? (a) Lime juice (b) Human blood (c) Lime water (d) Antacid.
26. Which of the following is not a mineral acid? (a) Hydrochloric acid (b) Citric acid (c) Sulphuric acid (d) Nitric acid.
27. Which of the following statements is not correct? (a) All metal carbonates react with acid to give a salt, water and carbon dioxide
(b) All metal oxides react with water to give salt and acid (c) Some metals react with acids to give salt and hydrogen (d) Some non
metal oxides react with water to form an acid.
28. Name the acids or alkalis used to make (i) car batteries (ii) explosives (iii) soaps (iv) fertilisers
29. What happens to (a) the H+ ions, and (b) temperature of the solution, when an acid is neutralised ?
30. Which of the following is(are) true when HCl (g) is passed through water? (i) It does not ionise in the solution as it is a covalent
compound. (ii) It ionises in the solution (iii) It gives both hydrogen and hydroxyl ion in the solution (iv) It forms hydronium ion in
the solution due to the combination of hydrogen ion with water molecule (a) (i) only (b) (iii) only (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii)
and (iv).
31. Which of the following statements is true for acids? (a) Bitter and change red litmus to blue (b) Sour and change red litmus to
blue (c) Sour and change blue litmus to red (d) Bitter and change blue litmus to red.
32. Which of the following are present in a dilute aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid? (a) H 3O+ + Cl– (b) H3O+ + OH– (c) Cl– + OH–
(d) unionised HCl.
33. Name the acid present in ant sting and give its chemical formula. Also give the common method to get relief from the discomfort
caused by the ant sting.
34. What happens when nitric acid is added to egg shell?
35. 15ml of water & 10 ml of sulphuric acid are to be mixed in a beaker. (a) State the method that should be followed with reason.
(b) what is this process called?
36. Explain the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on the following with chemical equation :- (a) magnesium ribbon (b) sodium
hydroxide (c) crushed egg shells.
37. State reason for the following statements:-(a) dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute HCl does.
(b) during summer, a milk man usually adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk (c) for dilution of acid, acid is added
into water & not water into acid. (d) ammonia is a base nut does not contain hydroxyl group.
38. Name the natural source of each of the following acid:- (a) citric acid (b) oxalic acid (c) lactic acid (d) tartaric acid.
39. How is tooth decay is related to pH? How it can be prevented ?
40. Why does bee sting cause pain & irritation? Rubbing baking soda on the sting area gives relief. How?
41. Describe an activity with diagram to illustrate that the reaction of metal carbonates & metal bicarbonates with acids produces
carbon dioxide.
42. Explain why is hydrochloric acid is strong acid & acetic acid is weak acid. How can it be verified?
43. What is neutralization reaction ? Give two examples. Explain how antacid works.
44. What is tooth enamel chemically?
45. Compounds like alcohols & glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorized as acids. Discuss an activity to prove it.
46. Curd is not kept in copper & brass utensils. Why?
47. Identify the compound X on the basis of the reaction given in fig. Also, write the name and
chemical formula of A,B and C.
48. How does the concentration of hydronium ions change when a solution of acid is diluted?
49. Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity?
50. Why acid do not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?
51. 10ml of a solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 ml of a given solution of HCl. If we take 20 ml of the same
solution of NaOH, the amount of HCl solution required to neutralise it will be (a) 4ml (b) 8ml (c) 12ml (d) 16ml.
52. What is milk of magnesia? It is a strong or mild base.
53. Do you think life can exist on the Venus. Explain.
54. Which planet contains yellowish clouds of sulphuric acid?
55. 2ml of sodium hydroxide solution is added to few pieces of granulated Zn metal taken in test-tube. When the contents are
warmed, a gas is evolved which is bubbled through soap solution before testing. Write the equation of chemical reaction
involved and test to detect gas. Name the gas which will be evolved when same metal reacts with solution of strong acid.

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56. An element P does not react with dil H₂SO₄. It forms an oxide PO which turns red litmus into blue. P is a metal or a non-metal?
Justify your answer.
57. On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to copper oxide powder, the solution formed is blue green. Predict the new compound
formed which imparts a blue green color to the solution.
SALTS:-
58. Sodium carbonate is a basic salt because it is a salt of (a) strong acid and strong base (b) weak acid and weak base (c) strong acid
and weak base (d) weak acid and strong base .
59. Sodium hydrogen carbonate when added to acetic acid evolves a gas. Which of the following statements are true about the gas
evolved? (i) It turns lime water milky (ii) It extinguishes a burning splinter (iii) It dissolves in a solution of sodium hydroxide (iv) It
has a pungent odor (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
60. Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also be used as the raw material for making (i) washing soda (ii) bleaching
powder (iii) baking soda (iv) slaked lime (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv).
61. One of the constituents of baking powder is sodium hydrogen carbonate, the other constituent is (a) hydrochloric acid (b) tartaric
acid (c) acetic acid (d) sulphuric acid.
62. Identify the correct representation of reaction occurring during chloralkali process (a) 2NaCl(l) + 2H 2O(l)  2NaOH(l) + Cl2(g) +
H2(g) (b) 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(aq)  2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g) (c) 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l)  2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(aq) + H2(aq) (d)
2NaCl (aq) + 2H2O (l)  2NaOH (aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g).
63. Dil HCl is added to sodium carbonate. It is observed that:- a) No change takes place b) A loud sound is produced immediately c)
Immediately a brisk effervescence occur d) The solution turns black.
64. Define hydrolysis & aqua-regia.
65. How would you distinguish between baking powder and washing soda by heating?
66. Salt A commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into another salt B which itself is used for removal of
hardness of water and a gas C is evolved. The gas C when passed through lime water, turns it milky. Identify A, B and C.
67. In one of the industrial processes used for manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed as by product. The gas X reacts
with lime water to give a compound Y which is used as a bleaching agent in chemical industry. Identify X and Y giving the
chemical equation of the reactions involved.
68. What is the role of tartaric acid added to baking soda?
69. A white coloured powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones. (a) write chemical name & formula of the powder.
(b) when this white powder is mixed with water a hard solid mass is obtained. Write balanced chemical equation for the change.
70. A sulphate salt of Group 2 element of the Periodic Table is a white, soft substance, which can be moulded into different shapes
by making its dough. When this compound is left in open for sometime, it becomes a solid mass and cannot be used for moulding
purposes. Identify the sulphate salt and why does it show such a behaviour? Give the reaction involved.
71. A metal carbonate X on reacting with an acid gives a gas which when passed through a solution Y gives the carbonate back. On
the other hand, a gas G that is obtained at anode during electrolysis of brine is passed on dry Y, it gives a compound Z, used for
disinfecting drinking water. Identity X, Y, G and Z.
72. A white coloured powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones. (a) write chemical name & formula (b) when this
white powder is mixed with water a hard solid mass is obtained. Write balanced chemical equation for the change.
73. Why cake or bread swells on adding baking powder? Write chemical equation.
74. Name any two forms in which calcium carbonate is found in nature.
75. What is rock salt? Mention its color & the reason due to which it has this color.
76. What happens when electricity is passed through brine? write the chemical equation.
77. Dry pellets of a base ‘X’ when kept in open absorbs moisture & turns sticky. The compound is also formed by chlor-alkali process.
write chemical name & formula of X. Describe chlor-alkali process with balanced chemical equation. Name the type of reaction
occurs when X is treated with dilute HCl acid. Write the chemical equation.
78. Identify the compound of calcium which is yellowish white powder & is used for disinfecting drinking water. Write the chemical
name & formula. How is it manufactured? Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved. Also list two their uses of the
compound .
79. A metal compound ‘X’ reacts with dil. H2SO4 to produce effervescence. The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. If one of
the compound formed is calcium sulphate, then what is ‘X’ & the gas evolved? Also, write a balanced chemical equation for the
reaction which occurred.
80. Write the names and chemical formula of the product formed by the action of chlorine on slaked lime.
81. A compound 'X' sodium is commonly used in kitchen for making crispy pakoras. It is also used for curing acidity in the stomach.
Identify 'X'. What is its chemical formula? State the reaction with takes place when it is heated during cooking.
82. Why don't we not categorise metal oxides as salts while we categorise metal sulphide as salts?
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83. Dry pellets of a base X when kept in open absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The compound is also formed by chlor-alkali
process. What is the chemical name of X.
84. Student dropped few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid contained in a test tube. The evolved gas was then passed
through lime water. What change would be observed in lime water. What will happen if excess of gas is passed through the lime
water? With the help of balance chemical equations for all the changes to explain the observations.
85. Identify the compound of calcium which is yellowish white powder and is used for disinfecting drinking water.
86. (a) Crystals of a substance change their color on heating in a closed test tube but regained it after sometime when they are
allowed to cool down. Name the substance and write its formula and explain the phenomenon involved. (b) Name the compound
whose one formula unit is associated with 10 water molecules. How is it prepared? Give equations of related reactions. Give two
uses of this compound.
87. Why does bleaching powder smell strongly of chlorine and does not dissolve completely in water?
88. While constructing a house, a builder selects marble flooring and marble top for kitchen where vinegar and juices of lemon,
tamarind etc. are more often used for cooking. Will you agree to this selection and why?
89. Identify the acid and base which form sodium hydrogen carbonate. Write the chemical equation in support of your answer state
whether the compound is acidic, basic or neutral. Also write the pH.
90. A compound 'X' is heated with more con. H2SO4 at 443K and produced: Compound 'Y'. Compound 'X' reacts with metal Na and a
colourless gas 'z" evolves. Identify 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'. Write the equation of chemical reaction takes place with 'Y' and also write the
role of conc H₂SO₄.
91. What is the chemical name and formula of bleaching powder. What happens when bleching powder is exposed to air for long
time? Give any two important uses of bleaching powder.
92. A metal compound X reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to produce effervescence. The gas evolved extinguises a burning candle.
One of the compounds formed is calcium sulphate, then what is X and the gas evolved? Also write a balance chemical equation
for the reaction which occurred.
93. What happens when chlorine is passed over dry slaked lime.
WATER OF CRYSTALLIZATION:-
94. What is meant by ‘water of crystallisation’ of a substance? What is the colour of FeSO4.7H2O crystals?
95. Which of the following salts does not contain water of crystallisation? (a) Blue vitriol (b) Baking soda (c) Washing soda (d)
Gypsum.
96. Write the chemical formula of hydrated copper sulphate & anhydrous copper sulphate. Giving an activity illustrate how these
are inter convertible.

Assertion Reason:-
Mark the correct choice as two statements are given, one labeled Assertion (A) and the other labeled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer to these questions from the cods (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both A and Rare true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both A and R true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

1. Assertion (A): Salts are the products of the an acid-base reaction.

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