SECOND TERM 2023/2024 SESSION LESSON PLAN

WEEK 2 DATE: 15-19/1/2024

Name of Teacher Kareem M.H

Class S.S 1-3
Subject Basic Chemistry

DATE: 15-19/1/2024

Class: S. S. 1

Topic: Chemical Combination

Sub-topic: Types of Chemical Combination

Period: 3 Periods

Duration: 70 minutes

Behavioural objective(s): By the end of the lesson, learner should be able to:
i. explain coordinate covalence bond and it examples
ii. explain hydrogen bond and metallic bond with examples
iii. explain vander waals bond and it examples

Previous knowledge: Leaners already understands the meaning of chemical combination, electrovalent bond
and covalent bonds.

Reference: (i) New School Chemistry for senior secondary schools by Osei Yaw Ababio (ii) Essential
Chemistry for senior secondary school by Odesina I.A. (iii) internet.

Instructional materials: Chart showing types of chemical combination; video clips

Presentation: Teacher presents the lesson in a systematic order.

Step1:
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher introduces the lesson by showing learners the chart and video clips
Learner’s Activities: Learners are to discuss what they see on the video clips one after the other

Step 2:
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher discusses the topic extensively and writes the note on the board for the students to
copy.
Learners’ Activities: Learners listen and write down in their note, learners also ask questions when necessary

Co-ordinate Covalency (Dative) Bond

Coordinate covalency is another type of covalent bonding in which equal contribution and sharing of electrons
are not observed. Rather, it is characterized by the fact that the two shared pair of electrons is both supplied by
one of the reacting atoms. Such a pair of electrons is called ‘lone pair of electrons’.

A co-ordinate convalency bond is formed when one of the reactants possesses a lone pair of electrons, i.e., a
pair of electrons not directly concerned in its existing valency bonds. The lone pair of electron is donated to an
atom needing them to complete an electron octet or duplet of great stability.

Consider the formation of a hydronium ion, H3O+, usually described as the ionization of water.
H2O + H+ ↔ H3O+
Other examples of compounds in which we have coordinate covalency bond are NH4+, hydrated copper (ii) ion
etc.

Hydrogen Bond
Hydrogen bond is a dipole – dipole intermolecular attraction which occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded
to highly electronegative elements of small atomic size. The electronegative elements can be nitrogen, oxygen
or fluorine. Hydrogen bond is a weak bond, it has important effect on the physical properties of compounds like
hydrogen fluoride and water.

The strongest hydrogen bonds are in hydrogen fluoride, where the simple hydrogen fluoride molecules are held
together by hydrogen bonds to form larger aggregates of H2F2, H3F3, etc. Another common examples is in ice
crystals where the water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds.

Importance of the Hydrogen Bond

Hydrogen bonding accounts for the high solubilities of some compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen and
fluorine in certain hydrogen containing solvent such as water.

Hydrogen bonds provide the attractive force that keeps water molecules together.
Hydrogen bonds play an important role in determining the structures and properties of molecules of living
systems such as proteins. The characteristics crystalline shape of solid water is due to hydrogen bonds.

Evaluation: The teacher evaluates the lesson by asking the learners to:
i. state the types of chemical combination
ii. state the properties of covalent bond and dative bond

Period 3
Sub-topics: Metallic bond; Vander Waal forces
Duration: 35 minutes
Behavioural objectives: By the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
i. explain the metallic bond
ii. discuss extensively the vander waal forces

Metallic Bond
Metals atoms are held together in solid crystal lattices by metallic bond. Each metallic atom contributes its outer
(valence) electrons to the electron cloud, thus becoming positively charged. The residual ions tend to repel each
other but are held together by the moving electron cloud and over-lapping residual electron orbits.
This type of bonding is very strong in some metals such as iron and it is difficult to shatter but it is much
weaker in metals like sodium which can be cut with a knife.

Vander Waals Forces

These are very weak forces between molecules or atoms in a molecular crystal or between molecules in a liquid.
In liquid or a molecular crystal, the forces may be due to dipole-dipole attraction. In gases, it may be due to
slight displacement of nuclei in the atoms leading to dipole formation. Examples of atoms with vander waals
force are copper, silver, magnesium, iron, etc.

Evaluation: Teacher evaluates the lesson by asking the learners to:

i. explain metallic bond and ii. vander waal force

Classwork: write three compounds each for covalent, dative, metallic bonds and vander waal forces

Assignment: Revision objective questions number 1 to 15, page 100 in Essential chemistry for S. S. Schools by
Odesina I.A.

Conclusion: Teacher concludes the lesson by checking the learners note and mark.

H.O.D’s Comment:
Date: 15-19/1/2024

Class: S. S. 2

Topic: Water, Solution and Solubility

Sub-topic:

Period: 3 Periods

Duration: 105 minutes

Behavioural objective(s): By the end of the lesson, learner should be able to:
i. define solution and solubilty.
ii. explain the various types of solution
iii. solve calculations on pH
iv. state the factors affecting solubility
v. discuss solubility curves
vi. solve calculation on solubility
Previous knowledge: Learners are familiar with some solution prepared and used in their various homes like
paint solution, soap solution, tea, milk, salt solution, etc

Reference: (i) New school chemistry by Osei Yaw A.

(ii) Essential chemistry for Senior classes by Odesina I.A.
(iii) WASSCE, NECO, and JAMB past question
(iv) Internet

Instructional materials: Charts and Video clips explaining the solution and solubility.

Presentation: Teacher presents the lesson in a systematic order.

Step1:
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher introduces the lesson by showing learners the video clips
Learner’s Activities: Learners are to mention what they see on the video clips one after the other

Step2:
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher asks the learners to say what they understand about the topic ‘Solution and
Solubility’.
Learners’ Activities: Learners are allowed to give their opinion on the concept ‘Solution and Solubility’ in
their own way and also listen to the teacher when correcting them.

Step 3:
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explain the topic extensively and writes on the board for the learners to copy
down
Learners’ Activities: Learners listen and write down in their note, then ask questions when necessary

SOLUTIONS
A solution is a uniform or homogenous mixture of two or more substances.
Solution = Solvent + Solute
A solute is a dissolved substance which may be a solid, liquid or gas.
A solvent is a substance (usually liquid) which dissolves a solute.

TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
1. Aqueous Solution: This is formed when a solute is dissolved in water.
2. Chemical Solution: This is the apparent solution of a solute in a solvent accompanied by a chemical
change. For example, magnesium appears to dissolve in dilute hydrochloric acid, what actually happens is
that the magnesium attacks the acid to form magnesium chloride, which dissolves in water present.

TRUE SOLUTION AND COLLOIDAL SOLUTION

A true solution is formed when solute particles dissolve such that they are able to get in between the solvent
particles. Example of true solution is aqueous solution of sodium chloride and copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI).
A False or Colloidal solution is one in which the individual particles are larger than the particles of a true
solution, but not large enough to be seen by the naked eye. Examples of colloids are starch and albumen.

TYPES OF COLLOIDS
1. Sols and Gels: These are colloids where solid particles are dispersed in liquid medium. Example: starch,
glue, jelly, etc
2. Aerosols: In aerosols, liquid particles are dispersed in a gas. Fog, smoke, spray of insecticide is examples
of aerosol.
3. Emulsion: For emulsions, a liquid is dispersedin another liquid. Examples of emulsions are milk, hair
cream; cleaning action of detergents is due to their ability to form emulsion.

SOLUBILITY
The solubility of a solute (substance) in a solvent at a particular temperature is the maximum amount of solute
in moles or grams that will dissolve in 1 dm3 of the solvent at that temperature.

The concentration in moldm-3 of a saturated solution is termed the solubility of the substance i.e.
Solubility (moldm3) = Concentration in gdm3
Molar mass
Solubility in mol/dm3 can also be expressed as = mass x 1000
Molar mass volume
Solubility in g/dm3 = mass x 1000
volume 1
Solubility of a solid solute in a solvent increases with rise in temperature while solubility of gases decreases
with rise in temperature.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Saturated Solution: A saturated solution at a particular temperature is one which contains as much solute
as it can dissolves at that temperature in the presence of undissolved solute particles.
2. Unsaturated solution: This is a solution which contains less of the solute than it can dissolve at a particular
temperature.
3. Super saturated solution: This is a solution which contains more of the solute than it can dissolve at a
particular temperature.

DETERMINATION OF SOLUBILITY
Solute: KCl, Solvent: water
Method
1. A saturated solution of KCl is prepared by dissolving excess of the solid in water in a beaker
2. Allow the solution in the beaker to settle down to obtain a clear saturated solution
3. Decant a portion of clear solution into another beaker and measures its temperature
4. Transfer the solution into a weighed evaporation dish and record the mass of the solution
5. Evaporate the solution to a complete dryness in a water bath
6. Allow the resulting solid to cool and reweigh the basin with content
7. Obtain mass of the dissolved salt and calculate the mass of the salt that would dissolve in 1dm 3 of water
at that temperature.

CALCULATION
Mass of basin = xg
Mass of basin + solution = yg
Mass of basin + salt = zg
Mass of solution = (y-x)g
Mass of salt = (z-x)g
Mass of water used = (y-z)g
:. (y – z)g H2O dissolves (z – x)g salt
:. 100g H2O dissolves (z – x)/(y – z) x 100g salt
[Density of water = 1gcm3]
:. No of moles of salt = 100(z – x)
(y-z) x M.M

:. Moles of salt dissolves in 1 dm3 water = 100(z-x)

(y-z) x M.M

Evaluation: Teacher evaluates the lesson by asking the learners to:

i. Define the term ‘Solution’.
State THREE differences between True solution and False solution.
ii. Define Solubility
Differentiate between Saturated solution and Unsaturated solution

Period 3
Sub-topics: Solubility curves; Calculation on solubility.
Duration: 35 minutes
Behavioural objectives: By the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
i. state the factors affecting solubility
ii. discuss solubility curves
iii. solve calculation on solubility

FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOLUBILITY

1. Nature of solvent and solute
2. Temperature
3. Pressure (often neglected)
SOLUBILITY CURVES
These are the graphs of solubility against temperature. The graph provides useful source of information.

USES OF SOLUBILITY CURVES

1. It provides useful information about suitable solvent and temperature for solvent extraction from natural
sources
2. It provides useful information about temperature for fractional crystallization of a mixture of soluble salts.
3. The curves enable pharmacists to determine the amount of solid drugs that must be dissolved in a given
quantity of solvent to give a prescribed drug mixture.

CALCULATION ON SOLUBILITY
1. If 12.2g of Pb(NO3)2 were dissolved in 21cm3 of distilled water at 20oC. Calculate the solubility of the
solute in moldm-3

Solution:
Molar mass of Pb(NO3)2 = 331g
No of moles of Pb(NO3)2 = 12.2/331 = 0.037moles
If 21cm3 of water at 200C dissolved 0.037mole salt
:. 1000cm3 of water at 200C dissolves 0.037 x 1000/21
= 176moles Pb(NO3) per dm3 H2O

2. 1.0dm3 of an aqueous solution at 90oC contains 404g of KNO3 and 245g of KClO3.
a. Determine which of the two salts will separate out when the solution is cooled to 60oC
b. mass of salt that will separate out at 60oC
(Solubility of KNO3 in H2O at 60oC = 5.14moldm-3, solubility of KClO3 in H2O at 60oC = 1.61moldm-3)

Solution:
No of moles of KNO3 = 404/101 = 4.0moles dm-3
No of moles of KClO3 = 245/122.5 = 2.0 moldm-3
The solubility of KClO3 at 60oC (5.14 moldm-3) is higher than the amount in solution (4.0 moldm -3), then
KNO3 will remain in solution while KClO 3 will crystallize out at 60 oC since the solubility at 60 oC is
lower than the amount in solution.

b. Mass of salt that will separate out at 60oC = 2.0 – 1.61 = 0.39mole
Mass of salt = Number of moles x Molar mass
= 0.39 x 122.5 = 47.78g

3. The solubility of KNO3 is exactly 1800g per 1000g water at 83oC and 700g per 1000g water at 40oC.
Calculate the mass of KNO3 that will crystallize out of solution if 155g of the saturated solution at 83 oC is
cooled to 40oC.

Solution:
Saturated solution of KNO3 at 83oC = 1000 + 1800 = 2800g
Saturated solution of KNO3 at 40oC = 1000 + 700 = 1700g
Mass of solute deposited = 2800 – 1700 = 1100g
From 83oC to 40oC, 2800 of saturated solution deposited 1100g of solute
155g of saturated solution will deposit 1100 x 155/2800 = 60.80g of salt.

EVALUATION
1. Define super-saturated solution
2. State two applications of solubility curves
3. Define the following terms: Solubility, Saturated solution, Unsaturated solution.
4. 1.33 dm3 of water at 70oC are saturated by 2.25 moles of lead (II) trioxonitrate (V) and 1.33 dm 3 of water at
18oc are saturated by 0.53 mole of the same salt. If 4.50dm 3 of the saturated solution are cooled from
70oC to 18oC, calculate the mount of solute that will be deposited in (a) moles (b) grams.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION
1. Calculate the solubility of KCl in g/dm3 if 5g of the salt was dissolved in 50cm3 of water at 40oC
2. If 50cm3 of a saturated solution of potassium chloride at 30 oC yielded 18.62g of dry salt, calculate the
solubility of the salt in mol/dm3 at 30oC
3. Define solubility
4. A certain mass of a gas occupies 300cm3 at 35oC. At what temperature will it have its volume reduced by
half, assuming its pressure remains constant?
5. A certain mass of hydrogen gas collected over water at 10oc and 760mm Hg pressure has a volume of
37cm3. Calculate the volume when it is dry at s.t.p. (Saturated vapour pressure of water at 10 oC =
9.2mmHg)

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
SECTION A: Write the correct option ONLY
1. A saturated solution is a solution a. in which the solute is in equilibrium with the solvent b. in which the
solute saturates the solution c. the solvent can still accept more solute except when the temperature is
lowered d. whose solvent has low solubility at a given temperature
2. A graph of solubility against temperature is called a. sigmoid curve
b. supernant curve c. solubility curve d. dispersion curve
3. On heating 25g of a saturated solution to dryness at 60 oC, 4g of anhydrous salt was recovered. Calculate
its solubility in g/dm3. a. 160 b. 180 c. 200 d. 220
4. The solubility of alcohols in water is due to a. their covalent nature b. hydrogen bonding c. their low
boiling point d. their ionic character
5. A common solvent of sulphur is a. water b. carbon(IV)sulphide c. alcohol d. ethanoic acid

SECTION B
1. Define the following:
(a) Solubility (b) Saturated solution (c) Unsaturated solution
2. If the solubility of KNO3 at 0oC is 1.33mol/dm3, determine whether a solution containing 30.3g/dm3 at
0oC is saturated or unsaturated.

Conclusion: Teacher concludes the lesson by checking the learners note and mark.

H.O.D’s Comment:
Date: 15-19/1/2024

Class: S. S. 3

Topic: Organic Chemistry 2

Sub-topic: Fats and Oils; Alkanals; Alkanones and Amines

Period: 3 Periods

Duration: 70 minutes

Behavioural objective(s): By the end of the lesson, learner should be able to:
i. explain extensively fats and oils.
ii. explain soap and detergent.
iii. explain the structure, preparation and nature of soap and detergent
iv. discuss the properties of plastics and rubber
v. explain natural and synthetic polymer
Previous knowledge: Learners are familiar with some solution prepared and used in their various homes like
paint solution, soap solution, tea, milk, salt solution, etc

Reference: (i) New school chemistry by Osei Yaw A.

(ii) Essential chemistry for Senior classes by Odesina I.A.
(iii) WASSCE, NECO, and JAMB past question
(iv) Internet

Instructional materials: Charts and Video clips explaining the solution and solubility.

Presentation: Teacher presents the lesson in a systematic order.

Step1:
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher introduces the lesson by showing learners the video clips
Learner’s Activities: Learners are to mention what they see on the video clips one after the other

Step2:
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher asks the learners to say what they understand about the topic ‘Organic Chemistry:
Fats and Oils; Amines; Natural Polymer; Soap and Detergent’.
Learners’ Activities: Learners are allowed to give their opinion on the concept ‘Organic Chemistry: Fats and
Oils; Amines; Natural Polymer; Soap and Detergent’ in their own way and also listen to the teacher when
correcting them.

Step 3:
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explain the topic extensively and writes on the board for the learners to copy
down
Learners’ Activities: Learners listen and write down in their note, then ask questions when necessary

TOPIC: Fats and Oils As Higher Esters.

SOURCES:
Fats are solids that usually come from animals e.g. Tallow (mutton fat). Oils are liquids that come from plants
e.g. vegetable oil, coconut oil etc. Both fat and oil are esters of the trihydricalkanol(propane -1, 2, 3- triol).
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
1. Fats have higher melting points due to the presence of higher proportion of esters of saturated fatty acid.
2. Oils have lower melting points because of the presence of esters of unsaturated fatty acid.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
1. Hydrogenation of oils: This is carried out in the presence of nickel as catalyst at 1800C to yield margarine.
2. Saponification: Hydrolysis of fats and oils with canotic alkali yields propane -1, 2, 3- triol and fatty acid
of sodium or potassium.
USES OF FATS AND OILS
1. Fats are consumed as food.
2. Oils are used to make margarine.
3. Tallow (a fat) is used for making soaps.
4. Ground nut oil and cotton seed oil are used for cooking.
5. Coconut oil and palm oil are used for making soap and for cooking.
DETERGENTS:
Detergents are any substances which have ability to clean an object e.g. soaps, soap powders, washing liquids
and water.
TYPES OF DETERGENT
1.SOAPY DETERGENTS: This is soap of sodium salt of fatty acid.
PREPARATION
Animal fat or vegetable bits are steam-heated with sodium or potassium hydroxide in a large container. A
concentrated Nuel solution is added to decrease the soluble of the soap – so that it comes out as hard cake on
cooling known as salting out
STRUCTURE:-
CH3(CH2)16 COOCH2
CH3(CH)2)16 COOCH + 3NaOH CH3(CH2)16 COOCH
(Sodium Hydroxide) Propane 1,2,3-triyltrioctadecanoate
NATURE OF SOAP
Each molecule of soap has long hydrocarbon chain (alkyl) which is attached to ionic head of either COO - Na+ or
COO-K+. The alkyl tail hydrophobic) dissolves oil or organic solvent while the ionic soluble in water
(hydrophilic).
ACTION OF SOAP (CLEANSING ACTION)
When soap solution is applied to a grease-coated piece of fabric, the soap molecule moves to thegrease spot.
The hydrophobic tails dissolve in grease while the hydrophilic dissolves in the water.
The grease spot is lifted up and more soap particles dissolve the grease.
2. SOAPLESS DETERGENTS
Soapless detergents are the more favouredall purpose cleansing agents nowadays. They are available as liquids
or solids. The example of soapless detergent is alkyl benzenesulphates (ABS). These are sodium salt of an acid
e.g. sulphonic acid.
STRUCTURE:
The molecule of detergent has hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head.
The hydrophobic tail is a long chain hydrocarbon or benzene ring with long alkyl group.
The hydrophilic unlike soap can be positively or negative change or neutral. The high solubility of soapless
detergent in water is due to the presence of –SO3- Na+ in the molecules.
The soapless detergents are called synthetic detergents. The raw materials are petrochemicals from refining
crude oil.

Hydrophilic

R - SO3- Na+
hydrophobic
tail
R is a long hydrophobic chain.

ACTION OF SOAPLESS DETERGENT

- They do not form scum or react with hydrogen ions.

TOPIC: NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS.

Polymerisation (addition and condensation) plastics.
Thermosplastic and thermosetting polymers, resins.
Polymer is the final product, macromolecule of high molecular mars. It consists of a repeating units and its
general molecular formula may be represented as [repeating units]n where n is a very large whole number.

N.B:- All polymers are macromolecules, but not all macromolecule but it is not polymeric.

NATURAL POLYMERS:
These are organic compounds which can be found in living thing e.g. carbohydrates like starch and cellulose
and all proteins fats and oils are not large enough to be grouped as giant molecule or polymer.

SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
These are called plastics e.g. nylon polythene etc.
POLYMERIZATION
This is the process whereby two or more monomers link/join together to form a compound of high molecular
mass.
TYPES OF POLYMERIZATION
1. Addition polymerization:- these occur when two or more of the same monomers join together to form the
polymer without elimination of any small molecules.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MONOMER
- It must be simple.
- Unsaturated
- There should be double bonds between the carbon atom.
e.g. n[CH2CH2 ] ……..CH2CH2[CH2CH2]nCH2CH2……

2. CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION:- This is process whereby two or more smaller

molecule (monomers) join together to form a giant molecule (polymer) with elimination of trace/small
molecule such as waters ammonia, hydrogen chloride.

TYPES OF CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION

I. COPOLYMER :- This is formed from two condensing monomers of different types.
II. HOMOPOLYMER :- It is formed from monomers of the same type.

CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR POLYMERIZATION

- High temperature
- High pressure
- Presence of catalyst (initiator) e.g. oxygen, hydrogen peroxide.

EVALUATION: The teacher evaluates the lesson by asking the learners to:
1. Draw the structure of soapless detergent.
2. State one advantage of soapless detergent over soapy detergent.

Period 3
Sub-topics: Plastics; Amines.
Duration: 35 minutes
Behavioural objectives: By the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
i. explain plastics, rubber, resins and vulcanization
ii. explain the preparation and classification of amine
iii. state the physical properties, chemical properties and uses of amine.

PLASTICS
Plastics are synthetic which can be heated or pressured to form any shape.
THERMOPLASTIC
Thermoplastics are type of synthetic materials which can be heated and remoulded to any shape e.g. nylon,
polythene, polypropene, Perspex etc.
THERMOSETS
Thermosets, on the other hands cannot be softened or melted by heat and remoulded once they are formed e.g.
uera-methanal, bakelite.
Thermoplastics and thermosets
Thermoplastics Thermosets
Polythene Bakelite
Polypropene Urea-methanal
Polystyrene
Nylon
Terylene
 Perspex

RESINS
This is obtained from the rubber tree. The fluid obtained from the tree can be heated and changed to elastic
solid known as rubber. The rubber consists of 2-methyl but-1, 3- diene monomers known as isoprene.
CH3
nCH2 = C CH = CH2
2 – methylbuta -1, 3-diene.
VULCANIZATION:
This is the process of heating natural rubber with sulphur to give rubber a greater tensile, strength, durability
and elasticity over a wide range of temperature.
SYNTHETIC RUBBER:
Examples of synthetic rubbers are poly 2-chlorobuta -1,3diene, styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR), poly bute -1, 3-
diene and poly 2-methyl propene.
AMINES:
It has a functional group of NH2.
GENERAL MOLECULAR FORMULAR/STRUCTURE:
It has a general molecular formula of RNH2 or structure of R–N–H

H
PREPARATION:
They are derivatives of ammonia where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl or aryl groups
e.g. RNHz, R2NH.

CLASSIFICATION:
Amines can be classified according to alkyl group.

1. Primary amine with one alkyl group e.g. RNH2 or

R or CH3
H N H H N H
2. Secondary amine with 2 alkyl groups e.g. R2NH or
R CH3
R N or CH3 N H
H
3. Tertiary amine with 3 alkyl groups e.g. R3N or
R CH3
R1 N R11 or CH3 N CH3
Trimethyl amine
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. They can dissolve in water.
2. They are gases and liquid.
3. They have fishy odour.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. As bases they neutralize acids.
2. They dissociate/ionize in water e.g. CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3++ OH-
USES
1. Used in making nylon
2. They can also be used in making polyamide.
EVALUATION
1. State two (2) physical properties and two (2) chemical properties of amine.
2. Give the classes of amine according to the number of their alkyl groups.
3. State a difference between natural polymers and synthetic polymer with example each.
4. What is another name for synthetic polymer?

5. State two conditions necessary for polymerization of ethane to from polythene.

6. Mention one difference between additional polymerization and condensation polymensation.
7. What is resin?
8. State two (2) differences between thermoplastic and thermoset.

Classwork
1. The structure of soap according to suponification process is
A. CH3(CH2)16COONa B. CH3CH2COOCa C. CH3CH2CH2COONa
D. C2H5COONa
2 . The example of soapless detergent is
A. alkyl B. ethylethanoate C. alkanol D. alkylbenzenesulphonates
3. Hydrophobic tail of soap dissolves in grease while hydrophilic dissolves in
A. benzene B. water C. propanol D. kerosene
4. Fats and oils belong to a general group of compounds known as ………..
A. glycerol B. soap C. margarine D. lipids
5. Hydrolysis of fat and oil to yield alkanol and soap is called …………
A. esterification B. hydrogenation C. hydrolysis D. saponification

THEORY
1. Explain the structure of soapless detergent and its mode of action.
2. Explain the following;
(a) saponification (b) hydrogenation

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The following are examples of small molecules based during polymerization process.
A. acid B. HCl C.H2O D. NH3
2. Polymerisation of ethane produces ……………
A. Perspex B. isoprene C. polythene D. ammonia
3. Bakelite is a good example of …………..
A. natural rubber B. thermoset C. thermoplastic D. additional polymerization
4. Starch and cellulose are good examples of …………
A. polythene B. natural polymer C. synthetic polymer D. food
5. Joining together of smaller molecules to form a giant molecule is called ………..
process. A. hydrogenation B. saponification C. esterification D. polymerization
THEORY
1 (a) What are the conditions necessary for polymerization.
(b) List two types of polymerization.
2 (a) Write an equation for the preparation of polythene from ethane.
(b) What are the monomer present in the following:
- polythene
- polyvinyl/chloride
- polytetrafluoro ethane
- polypropene
Conclusion: Teacher concludes the lesson by checking the learners note and mark.

H.O.D’s Comment: