SMART BLIND STICK USING GSM

MODULE ,GSM
MODULE,ULTRASONIC SENSOR AND
RAIN SENSOR.

admin — June 14, 2020 32 comments

Table of Contents
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES
 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND OPERATION
 SOURCE CODE
 YOUTUBE LINK
 ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS
 APPLICATIONS
 FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
 PROBLEM FORMULATION
 CONCLUCSION

INTRODUCTION
A survey by WHO (World Health Organization) carried out in 2011 estimates that in the
world, about 1% of the human population is visually impaired (about 70 million people)
and amongst them, about 10% are fully blind (about 7 million people) and 90% (about
63 million people) with low vision. The main problem with blind people is how to
navigate their way to wherever they want to go. Such people need assistance from
others with good eyesight. As described by WHO, 10% of the visually impaired have no
functional eyesight at all to help them move around without assistance and safely. This
study proposes a new technique for designing a smart stick to help visually impaired
people that will provide them navigation. The conventional and archaic navigation aids
for persons with visual impairments are the walking cane (also called white cane or
 stick) and guide dogs which are characterized by a many imperfections. The most
critical shortcomings of these aids include: essential skills and training phase, range of
motion, and very insignificant information communicated been communicated. Our
approach modified this cane with some electronics components and sensors, the
electronic aiding devices are designed to solve such issues. The ultrasonic sensor,
water sensor, buzzer, GPS and GSM are used to record information about the presence
of obstacles on the road. Ultrasonic sensors have the capacity to detect any obstacle
within the distance range of 2 cm-450 cm. Therefore whenever there is an obstacle in
this range it will alert the user. Water sensor is used to detect if there is water in path of
the user. Most blind guidance systems use ultrasound because of its immunity to the
environmental noise. With the rapid advances of modern technology both in hardware
and software it has become easier to provide intelligent navigation system to the
visually impaired. Also, high-end technological solutions have been introduced recently
to help blind persons navigate independently. Whenever the user wants to locate it,
such a person will press a button on remote control and buzzer will ring, then the person
can get the idea of where the stick is placed. Vision is the most important part of human
physiology as 83% of information human being gets from the environment is via sight.
The 2011 statistics by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 70
million people in the world living with visual impairment, 7 million of which are blind and
63 million with low vision. The conventional and oldest mobility aids for persons with
visual impairments are characterized with many limitations. Some inventions also
require a separate power supply or navigator which makes the user carry it in a bag
every time they travel outdoor. These bulky designs will definitely make the user to be
exhausted.

OBJECTIVES
Visually impaired people are the people who find it difficult to recognize the smallest
detail with healthy eyes. The objectives of this research work include as follows:

1. To design an assistive technology for visually impaired people that can detect obstacles
and provide alternative routes for the blind
2. To alarm the user through vibration to determine the obstacles direction sources
3. To help the user find his stick when he mistakenly loses it somewhere. Through this
smart blind stick, visually impaired people will have so much of assistance.
4. In case of any problem, with the function of Global Positioning System (GPS), we can
track their whereabouts.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 Arduino Nano
Arduino is an open source microcontroller board. The Arduino Nano is a small,
complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328P (Arduino Nano
3.x).The microcontroller on the board is programmed using Arduino software.

The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may
be interfaced to various expansion boards or breadboards and other circuit. The
Microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features from programming
language C & C++. In addition to using traditional compiler tool chains, the Arduino
project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) bases on the processing
language project.

Specifications of Arduino Nano

 Microcontroller : ATmega328
 Operating voltage (logic level) : 5v
 Input voltage (recommended) :6-20 v
 Input voltage (limits) : 6-20 v
 Digital I/O pins : 14
 Analog Input pins :8
 DC Current per I/O pin : 40 ma
 SRAM : 2 KB
 EEPROM : 1 KB
 Clock Speed : 16 MKZ
 Flash Memory :32 KB
Figure:-2.1 Arduino Nano
3.2 GPS Module
GPS(Global positioning System)is a satellite navigation system used to determined the
ground position of an object.GPS technology was first used by the United state military
in 1960s and expanded into civilian use over the next few decades. Today, GPS
receiver are included in many commercial products, such as automobiles, Smartphone,
exercise watches etc.

GPS system include 24 satellite deployed in space about 12000 miles (19300 kilometre)
above the earth’s surface. The orbit earth one every 12 hours at extremely fast pace of
roughly 7000 miles per hour. The satellites are evenly spread so that satellites are
accessible via direct line-of-sight anywhere on the globe. The navigation messages are
broadcast at a rate of 50 bits per second. Utilizing this collocation of data, GPS receiver
in order to generate position data.

Figure:-2.2GPS Module
3.3 GSM-Module
GSM (Global system for mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephony system
that is widely used all over the world. A GSM module requires a SIM (Subscriber’s
identity module) card to be operated and operated over a network range subscribed by
the network operated. It can be connected to a Arduino through cable or Bluetooth
connection.GSM module can be communicated to PIC-microcontroller using normal
serial USART protocol.

GSM is a mobile communication modem; it is stand for global system mobile

communication (GSM). The idea of GSM was developed at Bell 1970.It is widely used
mobile communication system in the world.GSM is open and digital cellular technology
used for transmitting mobile voice and data services operated at the 850 MHz,900
MHz,18000 MHz and 1900MHz frequency band.

GSM system developed a digital system using Time division multiple access (TDMA)
technique for communication purposed. The digital system has an ability to carry 64
kbps to 120mbps of data rates.
 Figure:-2.3 GSM module
3.4: Ultrasonic sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is a device that can measure the distance to an object by using
sound waves .It measure distance by sending out a sound wave at a specific frequency
and listening for that sound wave to bounce back. The ultrasonic transmitter an
ultrasonic wave this wave travel in air and when it gets object by any material it gets
reflected back toward the sensor this reflected wave is observed by the ultrasonic
receiver module.

The accuracy of ultrasonic sensor can be affected by temperature and humidity of the
air it is being used. It operated in frequency in 40 Hz. It can measure the distance 2 cm
to 80 cm .This sensors is very popular because multiple purpose application.

Figure:-2.4 Ultrasonic sensor

3.5 Rain Sensors
The rain sensor module is and easy tool for rain detection. It can be used as a switch
when raindrop falls through raining board and also for measuring rainfall intensity. The
module features, a rain board and the control board that separated for more
convenience power indicator LED and an adjustable sensitivity through a potentiometer.

The rain sensor detects water that completes the circuits on its sensor board printed
leads. The sensor board acts as a variable resistor that will change from 100 ohms
when wet to 2M ohms when dry. In short the wetter the board the more current that will
conducted.
 Figure:-2.5 Rain Sensor
3.6 Buzzer
A buzzer is a small yet efficient component to add sound features to add sound to our
project system. It is very small and compact 2 pin structure. Buzzer is in the lower
portion of the audible frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 KHz. This is accomplished by
covering an electric, oscillating signal in the audible range, into mechanical energy.
Figure:-2.6 Buzzer
3.7: Jumper Wire
A jumper wire is an electrical wire that has connector pins at each end, allowing them to
be used to connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wire are typically
with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit
as needed. Individual jumper wires are fitted by inserting their end connectors into the
slots provided in a breadboard the header connected of a circuit board or piece of test
equipment. Jumper wire are in three version:-male to male, male to female and female
to male.

Figure:-2.7 Jumper wire

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
4.1Arduino IDE
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application
(for Windows, Mac OS and Linux) that is written in the programming language java. It is
used and uploads programs to Arduino compatible boards.

The Arduino IDE supports the language C and C++ using special rules of codes
structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the wiring project which
provides many common input and output input basic functions, for starting the sketch
and the main program loop that are compiled and linked with a program
Arduino IDE is an open source that is mainly used for writing and compiling the code
into the Arduino module. It is official software making code compilation too easy that
even a common person with no prior technical knowledge can get their feet with the
learning process. A different range of Arduino modules available including Arduino Uno,
Arduino mega, Arduino Nano, and many more. Each of them consist a microcontroller
on the board that is actually programmed and accepts the information in the form of
code. The IDE environment mainly contains two basic parts: Editor and compiler where
former is used for writing the required code and later is used for compiling and
uploading the code into the given Arduino module.

Figure:-Arduino IDE
4.2 Proteus
Proteus is a simulation and design software tool developed by Lab centre for
Electronics circuit design. It also posses 2D CAD drawing feature. This software
provides schematic, simulation and PCB designing. This software used to draw
schematic and simulate the circuit in real time. PCB designing has the features of
viewing output 3D view of the designed PCB along with the component. It consists of
wide range in its library. It has sources, signal generators, and analysis tools like
oscilloscope, Voltmeter etc.

Figure:-Proteus
BLOCK
DIAGRAM

Figure:-Block diagram Smart Blind Stick

4.1: Block diagram description
The above block diagram shows the block diagram of our project. A DC 9voltage is
supply though the power source to the Nano Arduino. All the sensor are interface with
the Nano Arduino. Ultrasonic sensor is connected to the Arduino Nano then processes
this data and calculates if the obstacle is close enough. If the obstacles are close the
Nano Arduino sends a signal to sound a buzzer. It also detected and sound a different
buzzer if it where detects water and alerts the blind. GPS module calculate to the
location and GSM module sends SMS to the number which is store in microcontroller.

Ultrasonic sensor
The object of ultrasonic Sensor is to the measure the distance between the object and
the stick. In our project we use to ultrasonic sensors connection are as follows:-

Vcc:- 5v

Ground:- Gnd

Trigger 1:-A1

Eco 1:-A0

Trigger 2:-A2

Eco 2:-A3

Rain Sensor:-
Rain Sensor is used to detect to water in the road .If the rain sensor senses the water
the arduino sends the signal to buzzer to produce the beep sound and notify the blind
person. In our project we use to Rain sensors connection are as follows:-

Vcc:- 5v

Ground:- Gnd

Analog Output:-A4

Digital output:- Not used

GPS Module
GPS Module is used to exact location. In our project we use to GPS Module connection
are as follows:-

Vcc:- 3v

Ground:- Gnd

Rx:-8

Tx:-9

GSM Module
GSM Module is used to send the SMS. In our project we use to GSM Module
connection are as follows:-

Vcc:- 5v

Ground:- Gnd

Rx:-6

Tx:-7

Buzzer
Buzzer is used to make sound when the obstacles is detected. In our project we use to
Buzzer connection are as follows:-

Vcc:- 12

Ground:- Gnd
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND OPERATION

5 Circuit Diagram
Figure:-Circuit diagram
 Circuit diagram description
The above figure shows the circuit diagram of Smart Blind Stick. We can see
an Arduino Nano is used to control all the sensors. The complete board is powered by
a 9V battery which is regulated to +5V. The First Ultrasonic Sensor is powered by 5V
and the trigger1 and Echo1 pin is connected to Arduino Nano pin A1 and A0 as shown
above. And second Ultrasonic Sensor is connected to the trigeer2 and eco 2 to the A2
and A3.The Rain sensor is power by the 5v in VCC and Gnd is grounded
connected to A4.The output of the board is given by the Buzzer which is connected to
pin 12.
For GPS Module (Global positing system) power by the 3v and Gnd is grounded and
Trigger is connected to the 8 pins of the Arduino Nano and Eco is connected to the 9
pins of the Arduino Nano. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is powered
by the 5V and Gnd is grounded Trigger is connected to the 6 pin of the Arduino Nano
and Eco is connected to the 7 pin of the Arduino Nano.

SOURCE
CODE
1 #include <SoftwareSerial.h>
2
#include <TinyGPS++.h>
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int buttonpin=12;
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6 float lattitude,longitude;
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8 float a[2];
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10 float *p;
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12 SoftwareSerial gpsSerial(8,9);
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SoftwareSerial gsmSerial(6,7);
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15 TinyGPSPlus gps;`
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17 const int trigPin1 = A1;
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19 const int echoPin1 = A0;
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21 long duration1;
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23 int distance1;
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const int trigPin2 = A2;
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26 const int echoPin2 = A3;
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28 long duration2;
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30
31 int distance2;
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void setup()
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{
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36 pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);
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38 pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);
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40 pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
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42 pinMode(A4, INPUT);
43
Serial.begin(9600);
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45 pinMode(trigPin2, OUTPUT);
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47 pinMode(echoPin2, INPUT);
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49 pinMode(buttonpin,INPUT);
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51 Serial.begin(9600);
52
53 delay(1000);
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gpsSerial.begin(9600);
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56 delay(1000);
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58 gsmSerial.begin(9600);
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60 delay(1000);
61
62 Serial.print(“—Tracking–“);
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Serial.print(“***Location***”);
64
65 gsmSerial.println(“AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0”);
66
67 delay(3000);
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69 Serial.print(“Initializing……”);
70
71 delay(2000);
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73 Serial.print(“System Ready “);
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delay(1000);
75
76 }
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void loop()
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{
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81 digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
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83 delayMicroseconds(2);
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85 digitalWrite(trigPin1, HIGH);
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87 delayMicroseconds(10);
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digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
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90 duration1 = pulseIn(echoPin1, HIGH);
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92 distance1= duration1*0.034/2;
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94 Serial.print(“Distance1: “);
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96 Serial.println(distance1);
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98 digitalWrite(trigPin2, LOW);
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delayMicroseconds(2);
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101 digitalWrite(trigPin2, HIGH);
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103 delayMicroseconds(10);
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105 digitalWrite(trigPin2, LOW);
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107 duration2 = pulseIn(echoPin2, HIGH);
108
distance2= duration2*0.034/2;
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110 Serial.print(“Distance2: “);
111
112 Serial.println(distance2);
113
114 if (distance1<=20||distance2<=20){
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116 digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
117
118 delay(1000);
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digitalWrite(5, LOW);
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121 digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
122
123 delay(1000);
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digitalWrite(5, LOW);
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digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
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128 delay(1000);
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130 digitalWrite(5, LOW);
131
132 }
133
134 else if (distance1<=15||distance2<=15){
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digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
136
137 delay(500);
138
139 digitalWrite(5, LOW);
140
141 digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
142
143 delay(500);
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145 digitalWrite(5, LOW);
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digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
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148 delay(500);
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150 digitalWrite(5, LOW);
151
152 }
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154 else
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digitalWrite(5, LOW);
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157 int sensorValue = digitalRead(A4);
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159 if (sensorValue==1){
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161 digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
162
163 delay(1500);
164
165 digitalWrite(5, LOW);
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digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
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168 delay(1500);
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}
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else
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173 digitalWrite(5, LOW);
174
175 if(digitalRead(buttonpin)==HIGH)
176
177 {
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179 Serial.println(“button pressed”);
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delay(2000);
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182 SendMessage();
183
184 }
185
186 if (gsmSerial.available()>0)
187
188 Serial.write(gsmSerial.read());
189
190 while(gsmSerial.available())
191
{
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193 gsmSerial.read();
194
195 }
196
197 while(Serial.available())
198
199 {
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Serial.read();
201
202 }
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204 get_gsm();
205
206 }
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208 float *get_gps()
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210 {
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gpsSerial.listen();
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213 Serial.println(“INSIDE get_gps”);
214
215 while(1)
216
{
217
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while (gpsSerial.available() > 0)
219
220 { gps.encode(gpsSerial.read()); }
221
222 if (gps.location.isUpdated())
223
224 {
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226 Serial.print(“LAT=”); Serial.println(gps.location.lat(), 6);
227
Serial.print(“LONG=”); Serial.println(gps.location.lng(), 6);
228
229 lattitude=gps.location.lat();
230
231 longitude=gps.location.lng();
232
233 break;
234
235 }
236
237 }
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a[0]=lattitude;
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240 a[1]=longitude;
241
242 return a;
243
244 }
245
246 void get_gsm()
247
{
248
249 gsmSerial.listen();
250
251 while(gsmSerial.available()>0)
252
253 {Serial.println(“INSIDE gsmSerial.available”);
254
255 if(gsmSerial.find(“Track”))
256
257 {Serial.println(“INSIDE track”);
258
gsmSerial.println(“AT+CMGF=1”); //Sets the GSM Module in Text Mode
259
260 delay(1000); // Delay of 1 second
261
gsmSerial.println(“AT+CMGS=\”+9779815084050\”\r”); // Replace x with mobile num
262
263
delay(1000);
264
265 p=get_gps();
266
267 gsmSerial.listen();
268
269 Serial.print(“Your Car Location: “);
270
271 gsmSerial.print(“Your Car Location: “);
272
Serial.print(“LATTITUDE=”); Serial.print(*p,6);
273
274 gsmSerial.print(“LATTITUDE=”);gsmSerial.print(*p,6);gsmSerial.print(“,”);// The
275
276 Serial.print(“LONGITUDE=”); Serial.print(*(p+1),6);
277
278 gsmSerial.print(“LONGITUDE=”);gsmSerial.print(*(p+1),6);// The SMS text you wan
279
280 delay(100);
281
282 gsmSerial.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z for saying the end of sms t
283
delay(1000);
284
285 }
286
287 }
288
289 }
290
291 void SendMessage()
292
{
293
294 gsmSerial.println(“AT+CMGF=1”); //Sets the GSM Module in Text Mode
295
296 delay(1000); // Delay of 1000 milli seconds or 1 second
297
298 gsmSerial.println(“AT+CMGS=\”+9779815084050\”\r”); // Replace x with mobile number
299
300 delay(1000);
301
302 gsmSerial.println(“i am in problem plz help my”);// The SMS text you want to send
303
delay(1000);
304
305 p=get_gps();
306
307 gsmSerial.listen();
308
Serial.print(“Your position is : “);
309
310
gsmSerial.print(“position is : “);
311
312 Serial.print(“LATTITUDE=”); Serial.print(*p,6);
313
314 gsmSerial.print(“LATTITUDE=”);gsmSerial.print(*p,6);gsmSerial.print(“,”);// The
315
316 Serial.print(“LONGITUDE=”); Serial.print(*(p+1),6);
317
318 gsmSerial.print(“LONGITUDE=”);gsmSerial.print(*(p+1),6);// The SMS text you wan
319
delay(100);
320
321 gsmSerial.println((char)26);
322
323 /*—————————————————————————————*/
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 352
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YOUTUBE LINK
ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS
Advantage of blind stick is listed below:-
1. This system consists of different type of the sensor, which is used to measure the
distance and alert the blind people.
2. It is simple to use and is affordable.
3. This system can navigate the location of the blind people when they find themselves in
danger or some adverse situations.
4. Smart blind stick is robust and the stick is light, portable and reliable.
5. It consumes low power which makes it feasible to use.

Limitations of blind stick are listed below:-

1. Pits and bumps of the road cannot be detected using this device.
2. Smart stick is unfoldable.
3. As the sensor is sensitive, it should be handled in utmost care and prevented from
contact with water.

APPLICATIONS
Following are the application of Smart Blind Stick

Facilitates the visually-impaired people through various user friendly features such as
water detection, Navigation, Obstacle alert and communication.

FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
The certain modification of sensor and programing we can detect the small pits and
dumps of road.

Water resistant can be eliminated

PROBLEM FORMULATION
While researching for this project, many problems were there. First problem was the
unavailability of the materials required for the project. Because of this, much of the time
was invested to search for them and talk to people outside Biratnagar. Secondly, there
were some issues regarding interface. Other than that, resources could be utilized to
make the research better.

CONCLUCSION
It is worth mentioning at this point that the aim of the of this study is design and
implementation of a smart walking stick for the blind has been fully achieved .The smart
stick as a basic platform for the coming generation of more adding devices to help the
visually impaired to navigate safely both indoor and outdoor. It is effective and
affordable. It leads the good result in detecting the obstacles on the path of the user in a
range. This project offer low cost, reliable, portable, low power consumption and robust
technology for navigation with obvious short response time .In this project, different
types of sensors and other component with the light weight. It also include Global
Positioning system (GPS) which is use to find the actual position of the blind person.
And other function is Global system for mobile communication (GSM) module which
help to send the location to their member in case the blind person get lost or if they are
in the danger. And the rain sensor is used to detect the water.

This is the final year project performed by the students of Manmohan Memorial
Polytechnic collage.