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8 views

L4-2 Structures - Frames and Machines-1-1

Uploaded by

mutalereef
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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STATICS

EGM251/CIE251
STRUCTURES – FRAMES
AND MACHINES (1)
Learning objectives

• describe frames and machines

• analyze forces acting on the members


of frames and machines composed of
pin-connected members
4.2 Frames and Machines
1. Introduction

• Frames and machines are structures


containing multi-force members

• These forces will generally not be directed


along the members on which they act
4.2 Frames and Machines

• Frames are fully constrained usually


stationary structures designed to support
loads
4.2 Frames and Machines

• Machines may or may not be stationary


structures containing moving parts and
are designed to transmit and alter the
effect forces
4.2 Frames and Machines
2. Analysis of Frames and Machines

 The reactions on frames and machine (structures)


composed of multiforce members can be
determined by following the steps below;

1) Draw a Free Body Diagram of the given frame


2) Determine external reactions by applying equilibrium
equations to the entire frame
3) Dismember the frame, and draw a free-body diagram of each
member to find the forces in the memebers
 Begin with the two force members and thereafter
multiforce members
4.2 Frames and Machines
Sample problem 1
In the frame shown, members ACE and BCD are connected by a pin at C
and by the link DE. For the loading shown, determine the force in link DE
and the components of the force exerted at C on member BCD..

Solution 1. Create FBD of the entire frame

2. Calculate the reactions by applying the


equations of equilibrium
 80 
  tan1    28.07
 150 

 M A  0 ; 480 100  B 160  0  B  300 N

 F  0 300  Ax  0  Ax  300 N
 x 

 F  0 Ay  480  0  Ay  480 N
 y 
4.2 Frames and Machines

3. Disassemble the frame and find the unknown


forces in the members.

Member BCD

 M  0   FDE sin    250  300  60  480 100  0  FDE  561N


 C 

 Fx  0 ; Cx -  561  cos28.07  300  0  Cx  795N


 

Cy  216 N
 F  0 Cy  FDE sin 28.07  480  0  Cy   561 sin 28.07  480  0 
 y 
Member ACE
The computations are checked by considering the
free body ACE

 M A  0  FDE cos   300   FDE sin   100  220Cx  0

561cos 28.07  300  561sin 28.07 100  220   795  0


Problems
Q1
For the frame and loading shown, determine the forces acting on
member ABC.

Fig.1

Fig.1
Problems
Q2
Determine the force in members FD and DB of the frame. Also, find
the horizontal and vertical components of reaction the pin at C
exerts on member ABC and member EDC.the frame and loading shown,
determine the forces acting on member ABC.

Fig.3
4.2 Frames and Machines
3. Machines

 Machines are structures designed to transmit


and alter the effect forces

 Their main purpose is to transform input forces


into output forces

In the example of the cutter shown, If we


apply two equal and opposite forces P
and -P on the handles, the jaws will exert
two equal and opposite forces Q and - Q
on the wire
4.2 Frames and Machines

 To determine the magnitude of Q of the output


forces when the magnitude P of the input forces
is known a free body diagram for only one of
the component parts of the pliers is required and
equations of equilibrium are applied
4.2 Frames and Machines
Sample problem 2
In using the bolt cutter shown, a worker applies two 300-N forces
to the handles. Determine the magnitude of the forces exerted by
the cutter on the bolt.
Solution

1. Create FBD of cutter AB

2. Calculate the reactions by applying the


equations of equilibrium

 F  0 Bx  0
 x 

 F  0 By  F  A  0
 y 
4.2 Frames and Machines

3. Create FBD of the handle BC

4. Calculate the reactions by applying the


equations of equilibrium

 MC  0 ; 12By  300  448  0  By  11,200 N

From FBD of the cutter

 M A  0 ; 96By  24F  0  F  44,800 N


Problems
Q3
Determine the force that the jaws J of the metal cutters exert on
the smooth cable C if 100-N forces are applied to the handles. The
jaws are pinned at E and A, and D and B. There is also a pin at F.
Problems
Q4
The pipe cutter is clamped around the pipe P. If the wheel at A
exerts a normal force of FA = 80 N on the pipe, determine the normal
forces of wheels B and C on the pipe. Also compute the pin reaction
on the wheel at C. The three wheels each have a radius of 7 mm and
the pipe has an outer radius of 10 mm.
Acknowledgements

1. Meriam J. L & Kraige L. G (2002) Engineering


Mechanics: Statics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc: New York

2. Malhotra M.M &Subramanian R (1994) Textbook of


Applied Mechanics, New Age International: New Delhi

3. Beer F.P, Johnson E.R, Elsenberg E.R & Mazuke D.F


(2010) Vector Mechanics for Engineers, 9th edition,
McGraw hill education: New York
THE
END

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