BUILDING SYSTEMS DESIGN

I n s t r u c t o r : E n g r. A p o l o n i o , J r. C a s i b u a

Disclaimer: For educational purposes only. Pictures, images, contents, and data can be found online and in reference textbooks. Not for production, selling, or any forms of commercialization.
 CHAPTER ONE

CONSTRUCTION
REGULATIONS AND
STANDARDS

Disclaimer: For educational purposes only. Pictures, images, contents, and data can be found online and in reference textbooks. Not for production, selling, or any forms of commercialization. 2
 CHAPTER OUTLINE
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF A BUILDING CODE
1.2 PRESCRIPTIVE AND PERFORMANCE CODES
1.3 LOCAL CODES
1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
1.5 SITE PLANNING
1.6 ZONING ORDINACE
1.7 SPACE PLANNING

COURSE Outcome:
Identify and apply the codes and regulations for preparation of building design;

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1.1 OBJECTIVES OF A BUILDING CODE
▪ The objectives of a building code are to ensure that all new
construction and renovated buildings provide a minimum
level of safety, health, and welfare to the occupants and the
public at large.

▪ Building code does not regulate aspects of design

(aesthetics, color, and form related attributes ) that relate
to a building’s appearance. It deals with the issues of a
building’s performance.

▪ The code protects the safety, health, and welfare not only of
the owner of the project but also of the general public,
because the interests of the owner, the general public, and
the building occupants may be at variance with one another.

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 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF A BUILDING CODE
▪ If the building has been designed and constructed in
accordance with the building code and other applicable
regulations, the design and construction professionals are
exposed to a substantially lower liability risk.

❖ In more specific terms, a building code regulates the

following aspects of building design and construction;

1) life safety

2) fire safety

3) structural safety

4) health and welfare; and,

5) property protection

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 1) LIFE SAFETY

▪ For example, a guardrail on a balcony, apart

from being structurally adequate, must
provide protection from the danger of
Figure 1.1- In addition to its structural integrity,
falling over the top of the rail or from the height of a balcony’s guardrail as well as the clear space between the balusters is
between its vertical or horizontal members, regulated by building codes.

Figure 1.1 .
▪ Another example, the handrail on a
staircase, apart from being structurally
▪ Thus, regulations relating to the height of
strong, must provide adequate
a guardrail and the clear space between
grippage. A handrail whose cross
its members are life safety regulations section is either too large or too small
with no relationship to fire safety or will not provide the required safety
structural safety.

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 Figure 1.2- To ensure adequate
▪ The building codes prescribe maximum and
grippage, the building code
minimum dimensions of a handrail in addition to regulates various dimensions of a
staircase handrail..
its clearance from the adjacent wall

▪ Refer to Figure 1.2, these regulations are life

safety regulations, as distinct from structural
safety and fire safety regulations.

▪ Refer to Fig. 1.3- the relationship between

the treads and risers of a staircase, the
dimensional uniformity of the treads and
risers, and the slope of a ramp are some
other examples of life safety issues in
Figure 1.3- The dimensions of the
codes. treads and risers of a stair are regulated by building codes.
Additionally, each tread must be of the same dimension and profile.

Ref. RA 6541: National Building Code of the Philippines

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 2) FIRE SAFETY

▪ Fire safety regulations in building codes are among

the most important regulations, and relate to the
use of fire-resistant materials and construction.

▪ See Figure 1.4, the history of building codes is

replete with instances in which the world’s
prominent cities either promulgated building
codes for the first time or drastically revised their
existing ones after the outbreak of major fires.

▪ Fire safety regulations are, in fact, fire and smoke

safety regulations. One of the most important sets
of fire safety regulations deals with the means of
egress from the building (escape routes) should a
fire occur. Figure 1.4- A few important dates that underline the importance
of fire safety in building code development.
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▪ Building codes regulate various aspects of the
means of egress system in a building, including
the width and height of exit enclosures, fire
resistance of materials used therein,
illumination, levels, exit signs, and so on.

▪ A means of egress in a building is a system that

consists of the travel route taken by a building
occupant to escape from the interior of the
building to a public way. The route, which must Figure 1.5- The means of egress in a building is a system that consists
remain unobstructed at all times, passes through of three components: (a) exit access, (b) exit, and (c) exit discharge.

the following three elements: (a) exit access, (b) Fire Code of the Phil- Every building or structure shall be designed,
exit, and (c) exit discharge. constructed, equipped, maintained and operated to avoid danger to
lives and ensure safety of its occupants from fire, smoke, vapor and
fumes, during the period of escape from the building or structure.

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 Exit Access Exit Exit Discharge
▪ An interior space that ▪ Consists of an ▪ An exit discharge is
leads to an exit. exterior door at an exterior or
▪ Example; corridor the ground level interior space
leading from a room to or a staircase that immediately
an exterior door at the opens at the beyond the exit at
ground level or to a ground level. the ground level
staircase that has an that leads to a
exterior door opening at public way.
the ground level is an ▪ It may be a
exit access. courtyard, plaza, or
▪ A room or other interior any other open-air
space is also part of the space adjoining an
exit access. exit door.

Note:
➢ An exterior door is an exit only if it opens onto an exit discharge. An exterior door opening
into an open-air courtyard that is closed on all sides is not an exit.

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▪ The code regulations for exit doors,
includes; height and width, fire
resistance, panic hardware, and direction
of swing, as shown in Figure 1.6.

▪ The regulations governing the provision Figure 1.6- Panic hardware on exit
doors is regulated by codes to ensure
of fire and smoke detection, fire and fire safety in buildings.

smoke alarms, fire suppression, fire-

extinguishing systems (automatic
sprinklers and standpipes), and so on,
are parts of the fire safety regulations.

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3) STRUCTURAL SAFETY

▪ Structural safety is one of the primary

objectives of a building code.

▪ A building code contains several chapters

that provide detailed regulations dealing
with the structural design of buildings.

▪ Structural regulations are the most

numerous and account for the largest
volume of the building code document.

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 4 ) HEALT H AN D WEL FAR E

▪ The main concern of a building code is also deals

with human health and welfare issues.

▪ The building code contains provisions related to

lighting, ventilation, sanitation, temperature,
noise control, energy conservation, and
accessibility for individuals with disabilities

▪ The minimum dimensions of habitable rooms

are regulated by the codes.
An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by
▪ Energy-conservation regulations are increasingly
Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and
becoming integral to building design ( Guidelines Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other Devices – Batas
on Energy Conserving Design of Buildings) Pambansa Blg. 344

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 5) PROPERTY PROTECTION
▪ The codes contains several regulations that deal
with property protection through requirements for
materials’ durability.

▪ These durability regulations are embedded in the

codes through materials and construction
standards to which the codes refer. Example, codes
require that roof membranes and many other
materials conform to relevant ASTM specification.

▪ Other durability requirements, such as those for the

decay of structural and nonstructural wood from
termite and fungal attack, degeneration of materials
due to freeze-thaw action, and corrosion of metals,
are expressly stated in the codes.

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1.2 PRESCRIPTIVE AND PERFORMANCE CODES
PRESCRIPTIVE CODE
▪ Older and traditional types of building codes

▪ give clear prescriptions for construction systems, types

of materials, and the devices to be used without
permitting any alternatives

▪ they cannot keep pace with the developments in

building materials, technology, and safety concepts

Ex. 100 mm thick CHB wall partition with Class A

mortar

PERFORMANCE CODE
▪ the performance criteria of a component are
specified instead of the material or the construction
Figure 1.7- Examples of performance, prescriptive, and combined
system. It is based on the function of the performance and prescriptive provisions in a building code.
Source: Adapted from the International Building Code (2009), published by the
components.
International Code Council.
Ex. the required properties of the wall, such as the
fire resistance, sound insulation, load-carrying
capacity, and durability characteristics.

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 1.3 LOCAL CODES
Structural Code of the Philippines 2015
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514- The Fire ▪ The purpose of this code is to
Code of the Philippines provide minimum requirements for
the design of buildings, towers and
▪ It is the policy of the State to other vertical structures, and
ensure public safety, promote minimum standards and guidelines
economic development through the to safeguard life or limb, property
prevention and suppression of all and public welfare by regulating
kinds, of destructive fires, and and controlling the design,
promote the professionalization of construction, quality of materials
the fire service as a profession. pertaining to the structural aspects
of all buildings and structures within
▪ State shall enforce all laws, rules this jurisdiction.
and regulations to ensure
adherence to standard fire ▪ The provisions of this code shall
prevention and safety measures, apply to the construction, alteration,
and promote accountability in the moving, demolition, repair,
fire protection and prevention maintenance and use of buildings,
service. towers and other vertical structures
within this jurisdiction.

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 1.3 LOCAL CODES
Electrical Code of The Philippines
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1378-
Plumbing Law of the Philippines ▪ The primary purpose of the Code is
to minimize the risk of electricity
▪ Plumbing is the art and technique as a source of electric shock,
of installing pipes, fixtures, and potential ignition source of fires
other apparatuses in buildings for and explosions.
bringing in the supply of liquids, ▪ The primary objective of the code
substances and/or ingredients is to establish basic materials
and removing them; and such quality and electrical works
water, liquid and other carried- standards for the safe use of
wastes hazardous to health, electricity for light, heat, power,
sanitation, life and property pipes communications, signaling and for
and fixtures after installation i.e., other purposes.
the ‘plumbing system’. ▪ “ Practical safeguarding of persons
and property from hazards arising
from the use of electricity ”.

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 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE
1.3 LOCAL CODES NO. 856
▪ The title of this Code is
“Code on Sanitation of the
Philippines”.
▪ To prescribe sanitation
requirements for food
establishments and refuse
collections and disposal
system of cities and
municipalities

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9266-

Architecture Act of 2004

▪ An act providing for a more

responsive and
comprehensive regulation
for the registration.
licensing and practice of the
Architecture in the
Philippines and for other
purposes

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 ▪ This Decree shall be known as the “National
1.4 CONTENTS OF A
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE Building Code of the Philippines” and shall
PHILIPPINES hereinafter be referred to as the “Code”.

▪ It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to

safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare,
consistent with the principles of sound
environmental management and control;

▪ and to this end, make it the purpose of this Code to

provide for all buildings and structures, a framework
of minimum standards and requirements to
regulate and control their location, site, design,
quality of materials, construction, use, occupancy,
and maintenance.

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 Rule Title

❖ The national building code are divided into VIII ▪ LIGHT AND VENTILATION
IX ▪ SANITATION
twenty one (21- Rules):
X ▪ BUILDING PROJECTION OVER PUBLIC STREET
Rule Title
XI ▪ PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS DURING
I ▪ GENERAL PROVISIONS CONSTRUCTION OR DEMOLITION
II ▪ ADMINISTRATION AND XII ▪ GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
ENFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS
III ▪ PERMITS AND INSPECTION XIII ▪ ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL
▪ REGULATIONS
IV ▪ TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
XIV ▪ PHOTOGRAPHIC AND X-RAY FILMS
V ▪ REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE
ZONES XV ▪ PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTIONS
VI ▪ FIRE-RESISTIVE XVI ▪ PLASTICS
REQUIREMENTS IN
CONSTRUCTION XVII ▪ SHEET METAL PAINT SPRAY BOOTHS

VII ▪ CLASSIFICATION AND XVIII ▪ GLASS AND GLAZING

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF XIX ▪ THE USE OF COMPUTERS
ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OR
OCCUPANCY XX ▪ SIGNS
XXI ▪ TRANSITORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS
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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification

There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.

Group A – Residential Dwellings Group G - Storage and Hazardous

Group B – Residential, Hotels and Apartments Group H - Assembly Other Than Group I

Group C – Education and Recreation Group I – Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or

More
Group D – Institutional

Group E - Business and Mercantile Group J - Accessory

Group F – Industrial

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1.4 NINE PARTS OF THE BUILDING CODE 1. Code Administration
(INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS)
▪ Administrative provisions deal with the
1 .
Code Administration
administrative aspects of the code, such
2 .
Building Planning
3 .
Fire Protection as the duties and functions of a
4 .
Occupant Needs
building official, plans examination,
5 .
Building Envelope
6 .
Structural Systems board of appeals, issuance of a
and Materials
building permit, occupancy certificates,
7. Nonstructural
Materials inspections, and fees. The definitions of
8. Building Services
various terms used in the code are also
9. Miscellaneous
Provisions contained in this part.

Rule I, II, and III of the National Building Code of

the Philippine applies;

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 2.Building Planning 3. Fire Protection

▪ Building-planning provisions deal with the ▪ Provisions deal with fire-resistive materials

classification of buildings according to their and construction, fire-resistive interior

occupancy and type of construction. The finishes, and fire protection systems.

occupancy of the building refers to the ▪ Fire protection systems include those that
building’s use. The type of construction detect and suppress fires.
refers to the fire resistance of the major
Rule V, and VI of the National Building Code of the
components of the building. Philippine applies;

▪ Occupancy classification and the type of

4.Occupant Needs
construction are the two most important
▪ Provisions deal with the means of egress,
factors determining the maximum allowable
accessibility, and interior environment,
area of the building and its maximum
including lighting, ventilation, sanitation, and
allowable height.
sound control.
Rule IV of the National Building Code of the Rule VII, VIII and IX of the National Building Code of
Philippine applies; the Philippine applies;

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 5.Building Envelope
7. Nonstructural Materials
▪ Provisions deal with the performance of the
▪ Provisions deal with the use of nonstructural
exterior envelope of the building—exterior
materials, such as aluminum, glass, gypsum
walls, cladding, windows, roof, and so forth.
board, and plastics.
Rule XVIII of the National Building Code of the
Philippine applies; Rule XVI, XVII, and XVIII of the National Building
Code of the Philippine applies;
6.Structural Systems
and Materials
8. Building Services
▪ Provisions deal with loads on buildings,
structural tests and inspections, and ▪ Provisions deal with electrical, mechanical,

foundations. This is the most extensive part and plumbing aspects relevant to

of the code and includes a separate chapter architectural design (excluding technical

for each structural material—concrete, aspects of these systems, which are covered

masonry, steel, and wood. in specialty codes).

Rule XII of the National Building Code of the Rule XIII of the National Building Code of the
Philippine applies; Philippine applies;

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 9. Miscellaneous
Provisions
▪ These deal with miscellaneous concerns, such
as construction in the public right of way, site
work, demolition, and existing structures.

Rule X, XI, and XX of the National Building Code of

the Philippine applies.

Note: Factors That Determine the Code-

Allowed Area and Height of a Building

The following factors determine the

allowable area and height of a building:

• Frontage (open spaces)

• Occupancy classification
• Type of construction
• Automatic sprinklers

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

❖ Zoning Classification ( Table VII.1)

Residential Agro-Industrial

Commercial Agricultural

Industrial Planned Unit Development

Institutional Special
Utilities, Transportation, & Services

Cultural & Tourism

Parks, Recreation, &

Entertainment

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification

There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.

Group A – Residential Dwellings Group G - Storage and Hazardous

Group B – Residential, Hotels and Apartments Group H - Assembly Other Than Group I

Group C – Education and Recreation Group I – Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or

More
Group D – Institutional

Group E - Business and Mercantile Group J - Accessory

Group F – Industrial

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Group A – Residential Dwellings

𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
o Division 1-Residential building/ structure for o Division 2- Residential building for the exclusive use of
exclusive use of single family occupants non-leasing occupants not exceeding 10 persons

✓ R-1 - residential 1, low density residential use; ➢ R-2 - residential 2, medium density residential use; single-
single-detached dwelling (with no firewall) attached (with 1 side firewall) or duplex (with common
firewall)

Basic R-2 : single-attached or duplex building/structure of

from one up to three storeys in height and with each unit
for separate use as single-family dwellings

Maximum R-2 : low-rise multi-level building/structure of

from three up to five storeys in height and for use as
multiple family dwellings

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✓ R-1 - residential 1, low density residential use;
single-detached dwelling (with no firewall) Basic R-2 : single-attached or duplex building/structure of
from one up to three storeys in height and with each unit
for separate use as single-family dwellings

Maximum R-2 : low-rise multi-level building/structure of

from three up to five storeys in height and for use as
multiple family dwellings

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Group B – Residential, Hotels and Apartments

o Division 1- Residential, Hotels and Apartments

𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Basic R-3 : rowhouse building/structure of from one (1)

➢ R-3 - residential 3,high density residential use; row-house
storey up to three (3) storeys in height and with each unit
dwelling (with 2 side firewalls)
for separate use as single-family dwellings; and

➢ R-4 - residential 4,medium to high density residential use; Maximum R-3 : medium-rise multi-level building/ structure
townhouse dwelling (with 2 side firewalls) of from six (6) up to twelve (12) storeys in height and for
use as multiple family dwellings.
➢ R-5 - residential 3,very high density residential use;
condominium dwelling (with no firewalls)

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 ➢ R-3 - residential 3,high density residential use; row-house
dwelling (with 2 side firewalls)
➢ R-4 - residential 4,medium to high density residential use;
townhouse dwelling (with 2 side firewalls)

➢ R-5 - residential 3,very high density residential use;

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1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification

There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.
• Group A – Residential Dwellings

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification

There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.
• Group B – Residential, Hotels and Apartments
Group B Occupancies shall be multiple dwelling units including boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment
buildings, row houses, convents, monasteries and other similar building each of which accommodates more
than 10 persons.

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification
There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.
• Group C – Education and Recreation
Group C Occupancies shall be buildings used for school or day-care purposes, involving assemblage for
instruction, education, or recreation, and not classified in Group I or in Division 1 and 2 or Group H Occupancies.

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Group D – Institutional

o Division 1- (Institutional, where personal liberties of in-mates are

𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
restrained, or quarters of those rendering public assistance and
maintaining peace and order)

➢ GI (General Institutional) - a
o Division 2- (Institutional, buildings for health care) community to national level of
institutional use or occupancy,
characterized mainly as a low-rise,
o Division 3- (Institutional, for ambulatory patients or children over medium-rise or high-rise building/
kindergarten age) structure for medical, government
service administrative and related
activities, e.g., hospitals and related
health care facilities, government
offices, military, police and
correctional buildings and the like.

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification
There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.
• Group D – Institutional

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Group E - Business and Mercantile ➢ C-1 (Commercial One or Light

Commercial) - a neighborhood or
community level of commercial use or
o Division 1- (Business and Mercantile, where no work is done except occupancy;

𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
change of parts and maintenance requiring no open flames,
welding, or use of highly flammable liquids)
➢ C-2 (Commercial Two or Medium
o Division 2- (Business and Mercantile in nature) Commercial) - a municipal or city level
of commercial use or occupancy;

o Division 3- (Business and Mercantile, where no repair work is done

except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open ➢ C-3 (Commercial Three or Metropolitan
flames, welding or use of highly flammable liquid) Commercial) means a metropolitan
level of commercial use/occupancy,
e.g., large to very large shopping malls,
very large office or mixed
use/occupancy buildings and the like

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification
There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.
• Group E - Business and Mercantile

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Group F – Industrial

o Division 1- Light Industrial

𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

➢ I-1 (Industrial One) - a light industrial use or occupancy, characterized mainly as

a low-rise but sprawling building/ structure for low intensity manufacturing or
production activities.

➢ I-2 (Industrial Two) - a medium industrial use or occupancy, characterized

mainly as a low-rise but sprawling building/ structure for medium intensity
manufacturing or production activities.

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification

There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.
• Group F – Industrial
Group F Occupancies shall include: ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, and creameries, factories and
workshops using incombustible and non-explosive materials, and storage and sales rooms for incombustible and non-
explosive materials.

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Group G - Storage and Hazardous

o Division 1- Medium Industrial, which shall include storage and handling 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
of hazardous and highly flammable materials

o Division 2- Medium Industrial buildings for storage and handling of

flammable materials ➢ I-2 (Industrial Two) - a
medium industrial use or
occupancy, characterized
o Division 3- Medium Industrial buildings for wood working activities, mainly as a low-rise but
papers cardboard manufactures, textile and garment factories sprawling building/
structure for medium
intensity manufacturing or
o Division 4- Medium Industrial, for repair garages and engine production activities.
manufacture

o Division 5- Medium Industrial, for aircraft facilities

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification
There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.

• Group G - Storage and Hazardous

Division 3- Wood working
Division 1- Storage and handling of Division 2- Storage and handling of establishments, planning mills and
hazardous and highly flammable flammable materials, dry cleaning box factories, shops, factories where
material. plants using flammable liquids; paint loose combustible fibers or dust are
stores with bulk handling, paint manufactured, processed or
shops and spray painting rooms. generated; warehouses where highly
combustible materials is stored.

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification
There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.

• Group G - Storage and Hazardous

Division 4- Repair garages. Division 5- Aircraft repair hangars

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification
There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.

• Group H - Assembly Other Than Group I

Division 1- Any assembly building with a Division 2- Any assembly building Division 3- Any assembly building
stage and an occupant load of less than without stage and having an occupant without a stage and having an
1000 in the building. load of 300 or more in the building. occupant load of less than 300 in the
building.

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification
There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.

• Group H - Assembly Other Than Group I

Division 4- Stadia, reviewing stands,

amusement park structures not
included within Group I or in Division 1,
2, and 3 of this Group.

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification
There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.

• Group I – Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or More

Group I Occupancies shall be any assembly building with a stage and an occupant load of 1000
or more in the building.

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 1.4 CONTENTS OF THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❖ NBCP-SECTION 701/Rule VII. Occupancy Classification
There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions.

• Group J - Accessory
Division 3- Stages, platforms, pelota,
Division 1- Agricultural structures. Division 2- Private garages, carports, tennis, badminton or basketball courts,
fences over 1.80 meters high, tanks, tombs, mausoleums, niches, aviaries,
swimming pools and towers. aquariums, zoo structures, banks and
record vaults

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48
1.5 SITE PLANNING
❖ Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF) can be
❖ ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM
determined from the following requirements;
BUILDING FOOT PRINT
A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)
▪ Allowable Maximum Building Footprint B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)
(AMBF)- the maximum portion of the lot C. Maximum Allowable PSO (Table VIII.1@NBCP)
that may be occupied by the D. Types of Lot (Figure VIII.2 to VIII.8 @ NBCP)
building/structure at grade level after E. Minimum Required TOSL (Table VIII.G.6 @NBCP)
satisfying setback, yard and court
requirements (Rule VIII).
▪ The Area of the AMBF is measured from
the outermost face of the exterior walls
of the proposed building/structure.
▪ All areas outside of the AMBF but within
lot lines shall be considered open
spaces, i.e. impervious or unpaved.
▪ The AMBF is the true buildable area on
which a fully enclosed building/structure
can be erected.
▪ The AMBF shall exclude provisions for
courts at grade level.

49
1.5 SITE PLANNING

❖ DEFINITION OF TERMS

▪ AMBF- Allowable Maximum

Building Footprint

▪ TLA- Total Lot Area

▪ PSO- Percentage of Site Occupancy

▪ ISA- Impervious Surface Area

▪ MACA- Maximum Allowable

Construction Area

▪ OSL- Open Space within Lot

▪ TOSL- Total Open Space within Lot

with reference to Type of Land Use
Zoning per Lot.

▪ USA- Unpaved Surface Area

50
A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

▪ YARD – the required open space left between the

outermost face of the building/structure and the
property lines, e.g., front, rear, right and left side
yards.
▪ The width of the yard is the setback. Yards
prescribed for Commercial, Industrial,
Institutional and Recreational Buildings are
shown in Table VIII.3. hereafter.

51
A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

▪ The setback requirements in Table VIII.3.

above are for newly-developed
thoroughfares.
▪ For highly built-up urban areas with duly
established lines and grades reflecting
therein proposed road widening and
elevation, the requirements in Table VIII.3.
above may not be imposed and the face of
the building may abut on the side and/or
rear property lines provided that all the
requirements on open space, window
opening, artificial ventilation, if any, and
firewalls (Rule VII) are first fully complied
with.

52
A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

▪ Every court shall have a width of not less

than 2.00 meters for one (1) or two (2)
storey buildings. However, if the court is
treated as a yard or vice versa, this may be
reduced to not less than 1.50 meters in
cluster living units such as quadruplexes,
rowhouses and the like, with adjacent
courts with an area of not less than 3.00 sq.
meters.
▪ Provided further, that the separation walls
or fences, if any, shall not be higher than
2.00 meters.
▪ Irregularly–shaped lots such as triangular
lots and the like, whose courts may be also
triangular in shape may be exempted from
having a minimum width of not less than
what is required in Table VIII.3. and as
shown in Figures VIII.16., VIII.17., VIII.18. and
VIII.19.

53
A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

▪ Provided further, that the separation walls

or fences, if any, shall not be higher than
2.00 meters.

54
A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

▪ For buildings of more than two (2) storeys

in height, the minimum width of the rear
or side court shall be increased at the rate
of 300 millimeters for each additional
storey up to the fourteenth (14th) storey
(Figure VIII.20. showing incremental
setbacks). Note: The incremental setbacks
are not intended for adoption as
▪ For buildings exceeding fourteen (14) architectural design standards.
storeys in height, the required width of the These are only tools to limit floor
court shall be computed on the basis of area generation using climatic
fourteen (14) storeys. conditions as bases. The actual
design solution may actually
have a different configuration
▪ Uncovered Driveways, Access Roads and
that must however match the
Parking Spaces may be considered part of limit prescribed by the
the open space provided that they are incremental setbacks
open and unobstructed from the ground
upward as in courts and yards.

55
 A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

▪ For Basic R-3, abutments on two sides and rear

property lines may be allowed provided the
following requirements are first complied
with:

a) Open space as prescribed in

Reference Table for Maximum PSO,
TOSL, and Table VIII.2. of this Rule
are satisfied.
b) Window opening as prescribed in
Section 808 of this Rule are satisfied.
c) Firewall with a minimum of two-
hour fire-resistive rating constructed
with a minimum height clearance of
400 millimeters above the roof.
(Figure VIII.21)

56
A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

▪ A carport shall not be considered part of

the Total Open Space within Lot (TOSL)
particularly if it is entirely roofed or roofed
with overhangs. In such a case, it must be
counted as an integral component of the
Allowable Maximum Building Footprint
(AMBF).

▪ A front yard may be partly

paved/hardscaped (converted into a
courtyard) to serve as a carport but only
for a basic R-2 or basic R-3 or R-4 (individual
lot) use or occupancy, i.e., all for single-
family dwelling units only.
▪ All other uses/occupancies shall not be
allowed to use the front yard for a carport
nor for parking.

In case of conflict in the provisions on lighting and

ventilation under this Rule or under the Code, the
more stringent restrictions must prevail.

57
A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP) Solution: Using Table VIII.2 @ NBCP,

Example- C1-01:
Determined the setback for a standard lot of
Residential (R-1) as shown in the Figure;
• Occupancy: Residential (R-1)
• For newly- developed subdivisions
• One Road Right of Way (RROW)

𝟒. 𝟓𝒎 𝟐𝒎
𝟐𝒎

𝟐𝒎

58
 Solution: Using Table VIII.2 @ NBCP,
A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

Example- C1-02:
Determined the setback for a standard lot of
Residential (R-2) as shown in the Figure;
• Occupancy:1-storey Residential (R-2)
• For newly- developed subdivisions
• One Road Right of Way (RROW)

𝟑𝒎 𝟐𝒎
𝟐𝒎

𝟐𝒎
59
 A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)
𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑾@ 𝟐𝟓𝒎 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆

Example- C1-03: 𝟒𝟎𝒎

1) Determined the setback for a through lot of 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
Commercial (C-1) as shown in the Figure;
Occupancy: Commercial
For newly- developed main road: two

𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒌
parallel Road Right of Way (RROW)

𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒌
BF 𝟔𝟎𝒎
2) If the lot dimension in the given figure is 60m depth by
40m width, determine the maximum building footprint
based on the setback requirement;

𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌

𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑾@ 𝟏𝟔𝒎 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆

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 A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

Solution: 1) Using Table VIII.3 @ NBCP for Commercial Occupancy:

𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑾@ 𝟐𝟓𝒎 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆

𝟔𝒎

BF
𝟑𝒎

𝟑𝒎

The minimum setback for the thorough lot is;

𝟓𝒎 RROW Front Side Rear

25m wide 6m 3m 3m
𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑾@ 𝟏𝟔𝒎 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆
16m wide 5m 2m 2m

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 A. Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)

Solution: 2) For the maximum building footprint;

𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑾@ 𝟐𝟓𝒎 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝑥1 :

𝟒𝟎𝒎 𝑥1 = 40 − 2 3 = 34
𝟔𝒎 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟑𝟒𝒎

𝒙𝟏
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ, 𝑦1 :
𝑦1 = 60 − 6 − 5 = 49
BF 𝒚𝟏 = 𝟒𝟗 𝒎
𝟑𝒎

𝟑𝒎
𝒚𝟏 𝟔𝟎𝒎

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡;
𝟓𝒎 49𝑚 𝑥 34𝑚 = 1,666.00 𝑚2

𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟏, 𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝟐

𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑾@ 𝟏𝟔𝒎 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆

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B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

▪ FIREWALL – a reinforced masonry or reinforced

concrete separator with the appropriate fire-
resistive rating and which shall be positioned
between dwelling units or between
building/structures to maintain the fire integrity
of each building/structure.

63
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B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

▪ Footprint Based on Firewall Provisions 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝐹

▪ If with a firewall on one (1) side, the

footprint of a proposed building/structure 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘
shall be measured horizontally from the
property line with a firewall to the
outermost faces of the opposite exterior
walls of the building/structure; Provided,
that the applicable stipulations of the Fire
Code are strictly followed;

𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘

65
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP) 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝐹

▪ Footprint Based on Firewall Provisions

▪ If a firewall on one (1) side and the rear

𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝐹
property line, the footprint of a proposed
building/structure shall be from the rear
property line with a firewall to the
outermost faces of the opposite exterior
walls of the building/structure;
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝐹
▪ If with a firewall on two (2) sides the
footprint of a proposed building/structure
shall be measured horizontally from the

𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝐹
opposing property lines;

▪ provided, that the applicable stipulations

of the Fire Code are strictly followed;

66
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)
𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
▪ Footprint Based on Firewall Provisions

𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
▪ Absolutely no firewalls are allowed for a
low density residential (R-1) uses or 𝑹−𝟏 𝑳 = 𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
occupancies; ℓ𝑨𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
▪ an abutment of up to 3.20 meters from
established grade level may however be
permitted but solely for the purpose of 𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
supporting a carport roof; provided
further that such abutment shall be
constructed of perforated or decorative
concrete blocks above 1.50 meters
measured vertically from the established
grade level;
▪ such an abutment shall not be longer than 𝒉𝑨𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟎𝒎
7.00 meters or 50% of the side property 𝑫𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 𝑩𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒔
line in total length, whichever is shorter.
𝟏. 𝟓𝟎𝒎

𝟕𝒎
ℓ𝑨𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = shorter of ቊ
𝟓𝟎%𝑳

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B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

▪ Footprint Based on Firewall Provisions 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌

▪ For medium density residential (R-2) uses

𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
or occupancies, a firewall can be erected
on a maximum of 80% of the total length of
a side property line; provided that only one 𝑹−𝟐 ℓ𝑭𝑾−𝟏
(1) side property line is used for a firewall
in the case of a R-2 structure; and provided 𝑳𝑺𝑷𝑳−𝟏
further that the applicable stipulations of
the Fire Code are strictly followed;
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌

ℓ𝑭𝑾−𝟏 = 𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝟖𝟎% 𝑳𝑺𝑷𝑳−𝟏

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐿𝑆𝑃𝐿−1 − 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

68
 ℓ𝐹𝑊−2 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 85% 𝐿𝑆𝑃𝐿−2
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP) ℓ𝐹𝑊−1 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 85% 𝐿𝑆𝑃𝐿−1

▪ For high-density residential (R-3) uses or

occupancies, two (2) types of firewall
construction may be permitted:
𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
▪ For a R-3 use or occupancy with a firewall on two
(2) sides, a firewall can be erected on a maximum
of 85% of the total length of each side property
line; provided that all firewall construction shall
not exceed 65% of the total perimeter of the R-3
property, i.e., total length of all property lines; 𝑹−𝟑
▪ provided that firewalls in R-3 lots shall only be
allowed for a maximum two (2) storey
component structure; and provided further that
all the applicable stipulations of the Fire Code are
strictly followed; and
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌

෍ ℓ𝐹𝑊 < 65% ෍ 𝐿𝑃𝐿−𝑅3

69
 ℓ𝐹𝑊−1 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 90% 𝐿𝑅𝑃𝐿 ; for 𝐿𝑅𝑃𝐿 ≠ 4𝑚
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP) ℓ𝐹𝑊−1 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 100% 𝐿𝑅𝑃𝐿 ; for 𝐿𝑅𝑃𝐿 = 4𝑚
▪ For high-density residential (R-3) uses or
occupancies, two (2) types of firewall
construction may be permitted: ℓ𝐹𝑊−2 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 90% 𝐿𝑆𝑃𝐿−2
▪ For a R-3 use or occupancy with a firewall 𝑳𝑹𝑷𝑳
on one (1) side property line and at the ℓ𝑭𝑾−𝑹𝑷𝑳
rear property line, a firewall can be erected
on a maximum of 90% of the total length of
the side and rear property lines and up to 𝑳𝑺𝑷𝑳−𝟏
100% in case the rear property line is only
4.00 meters wide; provided that all firewall
𝑹−𝟑 ℓ𝑭𝑾−𝟐
construction at the side property lines
shall not exceed 50% of the total perimeter
𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌 𝑳𝑺𝑷𝑳−𝟐
of the R-3 property, i.e., total length of all
property lines; 𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌

𝑳𝑭𝑷𝑳
෍ ℓ𝐹𝑊−𝑆𝑃𝐿 < 50% ෍ 𝐿𝑃𝐿−𝑅3

70
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

▪ For high-density residential (R-3) uses or

occupancies, two (2) types of firewall
construction may be permitted: 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 3.20 𝑚

▪ provided that firewalls in R-3 lots shall only be

allowed for a maximum two (2) storey structure
but not at the rear property line where the
maximum allowed firewall height shall only be
3.20 meters measured vertically from established
grade; and provided further that all the
applicable stipulations of the Fire Code are 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 2 − 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦
strictly followed.

71
 ℓ𝐹𝑊−2 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 85% 𝐿𝑆𝑃𝐿−2
ℓ𝐹𝑊−1 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 85% 𝐿𝑆𝑃𝐿−1
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

▪ For townhouse residential (R-4)

▪ For townhouse residential (R-4) uses or occupancies, 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌

firewalls on the two (2) sides of each townhouse unit may
be permitted; the R-4 firewall can be erected on a
maximum of 85% of the total length of each side property
line; provided that all firewall construction shall not
exceed 50% of the total perimeter of each R-4 property,
i.e., total length of all property lines; provided that
firewalls in each R-4 use or occupancy shall be allowed for 𝑹−𝟒
a maximum three (3) storey structure; and provided
further that all the applicable stipulations of the Fire
Code are strictly followed;

𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌

෍ ℓ𝐹𝑊 < 50 % ෍ 𝐿𝑃𝐿−𝑅4

72
 ℓ𝐹𝑊−2 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 75% 𝐿𝑆𝑃𝐿−2
ℓ𝐹𝑊−1 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 75% 𝐿𝑆𝑃𝐿−1
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

▪ For residential condominium (R-5) uses or

occupancies, two (2) types of firewall
construction may be permitted: 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌

▪ For a R-5 use or occupancy with a firewall

on two (2) sides, a firewall can be erected
on a maximum of 75% of the total length of
each side property line; provided that all
𝑹−𝟓
firewall construction at the side property
lines shall not exceed 50% of the total
perimeter of the R-5 property, i.e., total
length of all property lines; provided that
side firewalls in R-5 uses or occupancies
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
shall only be allowed for a maximum eight
(8) storey component structure, i.e., the
podium; and provided further that all the
applicable stipulations of the Fire Code are
strictly followed; and

෍ ℓ𝐹𝑊 < 50 % ෍ 𝐿𝑃𝐿−𝑅5

73
 ℓ𝐹𝑊−𝑅𝑃𝐿 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 50 % 𝐿𝑅𝑃𝐿 ℓ𝐹𝑊−2 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 65% 𝐿𝑆𝑃𝐿−2
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

▪ For residential condominium (R-5) uses or 𝑳𝑹𝑷𝑳

occupancies, two (2) types of firewall ℓ𝑭𝑾−𝑹𝑷𝑳
construction may be permitted:

▪ For a R-5 use or occupancy with a firewall

on one (1) side and at the rear property 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
line, a firewall can be erected on;
o maximum of 65% of the total length
of the side property line
o maximum of 50% of the total length ℓ𝑭𝑾−𝟐
of the rear property line; 𝑹−𝟓
o all firewall construction shall not 𝑳𝑺𝑷𝑳−𝟐
𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
exceed 60% of the total perimeter of
𝑳𝑺𝑷𝑳−𝟏
the R-5 property

𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
𝑳𝑭𝑷𝑳

෍ ℓ𝐹𝑊 < 60 % ෍ 𝐿𝑃𝐿−𝑅5

74
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

o side firewalls shall only be allowed for

a maximum eight (8) storey
component structure
o rear firewall height shall only have
maximum of 14.00 meters measured
vertically from established grade;
▪ and provided further that all the
applicable stipulations of the Fire
Code are strictly followed.

75
 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 14𝑚
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑜𝑓 8 − 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦𝑠
▪ For residential condominium (R-5) uses or
occupancies, two (2) types of firewall
construction may be permitted:

▪ provided that the side firewalls in R-5 uses

or occupancies shall only be allowed for a
maximum eight (8) storey component
structure and that at the rear property line,
the maximum allowed firewall height shall
only be 14.00 meters measured vertically
from established grade; and provided
further that all the applicable stipulations
of the Fire Code are strictly followed.

76
B. Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

▪ All existing openings on all firewalls shall be

sealed completely to maintain the fire
integrity of adjoining buildings/structures.

▪ The provision of a fully functional sprinkler

system and the installation of other fire-
retardant or fire suppression devices in the
case of commercial, institutional and
industrial buildings/structures may allow
firewall construction for up to 70% of the
total perimeter of the property lines
provided that the prescribed setbacks,
yards and courts fronting the Road Right-
Of-Way (RROW) are first fully complied
with; and provided further that all the
applicable stipulations of the Fire Code,
particularly on the number, type and
locations of fire exits are strictly followed.

77
C. Maximum Allowable PSO (Table VIII.1@NBCP)

▪ SECTION 803. Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO);

▪ The measurement of the percentage

(%) of site occupancy (or lot
occupancy) shall be taken at the
ground level and shall be exclusive of
courts, yards and light wells. Courts,
yards, and light wells shall be
measured clear of all projections from
the walls enclosing such wells or yards
with the exception of roof leaders,
wall copings, sills, or steel fire escapes
not exceeding 1.20 meters in width.

78
C. Maximum Allowable PSO (Table VIII.1@NBCP)

▪ The following Table illustrates the

manner in determining the Maximum
Allowable Percentage of Site
Occupancy (PSO); Maximum Allowable
Impervious Surface Area (ISA),
Maximum Allowable Construction
Area (MACA), Minimum Unpaved
Surface Area (USA), and the Total
Open Space within Lot (TOSL) with
reference to Type of Land Use Zoning
per Lot.

▪ To compute the allow. Max. building

footprint as per PSO;
AMBF=%PSO * TLA
Where: TLA= Total Lot Area
%PSO= use Table VIII.1

79
 𝐿𝐸𝐺𝐸𝑁𝐷
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡 (𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝑃𝑆𝑂
𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹
= )
𝑇𝐿𝐴

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐼𝑆𝐴)

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑀𝐴𝐶𝐴
= 𝑃𝑆𝑂 + 𝐼𝑆𝐴)

𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 ( 𝑈𝑆𝐴)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑡 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑀𝐴𝐶𝐴 + 𝑈𝑆𝐴

𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑡 𝑇𝑂𝑆𝐿
= 𝑇𝐿𝐴 − 𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹

80
80
 ▪ Notes:
C. Maximum Allowable PSO (Table VIII.1@NBCP) a) per duly-approved City/ Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)
b) per duly-approved City/Municipal Zoning Ordinance (ZO) and its IRR
c) PSO + ISA = MACA (Maximum Allowable Construction Area)
d) PSO + TOSL = TLA (Total Lot Area).
e) without firewall
f) with firewall

81
C. Maximum Allowable PSO (Table VIII.1@NBCP) SOLUTION:
No firewall requirement for the building/structure;
Example C1-04: Using Example- C1-03, Determine the Occupancy is Commercial (C-1);
maximum allow. building footprint based on the PSO
requirement;
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 40𝑥60 = 2,400
𝑾 = 𝟒𝟎𝒎
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 2,400 𝑚2

%𝑃𝑆𝑂 = 70

𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹 = %𝑃𝑆𝑂 ∗ 𝑇𝐿𝐴

𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 0.70(2400)

𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟏, 𝟔𝟖𝟎𝒎𝟐

Add a Footer 82
82
D. Types of Lot (Figure VIII.2 to VIII.8 @ NBCP)

▪ Only seven (7) types of lots and their respective locations are described under this Rule. (Figures VIII.2. through VIII.8.)

83
83
D. Types of Lot (Figure VIII.2 to VIII.8 @ NBCP)

▪ Only seven (7) types of lots and their respective locations are described under this Rule. (Figures VIII.2. through VIII.8.)

84
84
 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
D. Types of Lot (Figure VIII.2 to VIII.8 @ NBCP)
➢ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝐸, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐸 − 1 :
Example C1-05: Using Example- C1-03, Determine
the maximum allow. building footprint based
on the types of lot;

➢ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝐹𝑖𝑔. 𝑉𝐼𝐼𝐼. 5 ,

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐸 − 1, 𝑢𝑠𝑒 5% 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒.

𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 = 5%
𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 = 95%

𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 95% ∗ 𝑇𝐿𝐴

𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 0.95 2400 = 2,280 𝑚2
𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟐, 𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝟐

𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 40𝑥60 = 2,400

𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 2,400 𝑚𝑚2

85
E. Minimum Required TOSL (Table VIII.G.6 @NBCP)

▪ Minimum Requirements for Total Open Spaces

within Lot (TOSL);

▪ Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL) are portions

of the Total Lot Area (TLA) not occupied by the
Maximum Allowable PSO.

▪ Total Lot Area (TLA);

TLA= PSO + TOSL

▪ The TOSL may consist of either the Maximum

Allowable ISA (hardscaped areas) or the USA
(exposed and planted/softscaped soil) or may
also be the combination of both types of open
spaces. (Figure VIII.1.)

▪ Group A buildings or Residential 1 (R-1)

uses/occupancies shall follow the minimum yard
standards in Table VIII.2. to comply with the TOSL
requirement.

86
 E. Minimum Required TOSL (Table VIII.G.6 @NBCP)

▪ Abutments for Basic Uses/Occupancies forming

part of new developments shall be basically
similar to the restrictions prescribed for firewalls
under Rule VII, to with;

i. Absolutely no abutments are allowed at any property line for any

R-1 lot type/location.
ii. Abutments shall be allowed on only one (1) side for any R-2 lot
type/location. There shall be no firewalls/abutments on the front
and rear property lines for any R-2 lot type/ location.
iii. Abutments shall be allowed on two (2) sides only or on one (1) side
and the rear property line/ boundary for any R-3 lot type/location.
There shall be no abutments on the front property line for any R-3
lot type/location.
iv. Abutments shall be allowed on two (2) sides only for any R-4 lot
type/location. There shall be no firewalls/abutments on the front
and rear property line for any R-4 lot type/location.
v. Abutments shall be allowed on two (2) sides only or on one (1) side
and the rear property line/boundary for any R-5 lot type/location.
There shall be no abutments on the front property line for any R-5
lot type/location.
vi. Abutments shall be allowed on two (2) sides only or on one (1) side
and the rear property line/boundary for any C-3 lot type/location.
There shall be no abutments on the front property line for any C-3
lot type/location.

87
E. Minimum Required TOSL (Table VIII.G.6 @NBCP)

88
E. Minimum Required TOSL (Table VIII.G.6 @NBCP)

Example C1-06: Using Example- C1-03, Determine

the maximum allow. building footprint based
on the minimum required TOSL.

𝑀𝑖𝑛. 𝑇𝑂𝑆𝐿 = 20% 𝑇𝐿𝐴

𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑇𝑂𝑆𝐿 = 0.2(2400)

𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑇𝑂𝑆𝐿 = 480𝑚2

𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 𝑇𝐿𝐴 − 𝑇𝑂𝑆𝐿

𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 2400 − 480

𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟏, 𝟗𝟐𝟎𝒎𝟐

𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 40𝑥60 = 2,400

𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 2,400 𝑚𝑚2

89
 ❑ Minimum Setbacks ( Table VIII.2 and VIII.3 @ NBCP)
E. Minimum Required TOSL (Table VIII.G.6 @NBCP)
𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟏, 𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒎𝟐
Example C1-07: Using Example- C1-03, what is
the allowable maximum building footprint? ❑ Firewall Provisions ( Section 704.4 @ NBCP)

𝑵𝒐𝒕 𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 − 𝑵𝒐 𝑭𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍

𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑾@ 𝟐𝟓𝒎 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆
❑ Maximum Allowable PSO (Table VIII.1@NBCP)
𝟒𝟎𝒎
𝟔𝒎 𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟏, 𝟔𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝟐

𝒙𝟏 = 𝟑𝟒𝒎 ❑ Types of Lot (Figure VIII.2 to VIII.8 @ NBCP)

𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟐, 𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝟐
𝒚𝟏 = 𝟒𝟗𝒎

BF
𝟑𝒎

𝟑𝒎

𝟔𝟎𝒎 ❑ Minimum Required TOSL (Table VIII.G.6 @NBCP)

𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟏, 𝟗𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝟐

𝑼𝒔𝒆, 𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟏, 𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒎𝟐

𝟓𝒎 −𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑁𝐵𝐶𝑃
34𝑚 − 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑙𝑑𝑔. 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ &
𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑾@ 𝟏𝟔𝒎 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆 49𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ

90
1.5 SITE PLANNING
a) Covered areas used for parking and driveways, services and
❖ A L L O W A B L E M A X I M U M T O T A L utilities. The TGFA specifically excludes provisions for courts above
G R O S S F L O O R A R E A ( T G F A )
grade level;
b) Vertical penetrations in parking floors where no residential or
▪ TGFA- the total floor space within the office units are present;
main and auxiliary buildings c) Uncovered areas for helipads, air-conditioning cooling towers or
primarily consisting of the GFA and ACCU balconies, overhead water tanks, roof decks, laundry areas
all other enclosed support areas and cages, wading or swimming pools, whirlpool or Jacuzzis,
together with all other usable terraces, gardens, courts or plazas, balconies exceeding 10.00 sq.
horizontal areas/surfaces above and meters, fire escape structures and the like; and
below established grade level that d) Other building projections which may additionally function as
floors or platforms if properly reinforced, e.g., the top surfaces of
are all physically attached to the
roof extensions/eaves, sun-breakers, large roofed or cantilevered
building/s which shall consists of the areas such as porte cocheres, canopies and the like.
following:

91
1.5 SITE PLANNING
❖ A L L O W A B L E M A X I M U M T O T A L
G R O S S F L O O R A R E A ( T G F A )

▪ SECTION 705. Allowable Floor Areas

▪ TGFA Limitation. In Table VII.1. hereafter, the

percentages (%) indicated in the third (3rd)
through eighth (8th) columns, but excluding
the multiplier numbers 3, 5, 12, 18, and 30
(which represent the number of storeys/floors),
are the percentages of the Total Lot Area (TLA)
that may be used to initially determine the
Allowable Maximum TGFA for a proposed
building/structure.

▪ Crosscheck of TGFA with Allowable Maximum

Volume Building (AMVB). The Allowable
Maximum TGFA once established must be
thoroughly crosschecked with the AMVB to find
out if the AMVB is not exceeded. If exceeded,
the necessary adjustments on the Maximum
Allowable TGFA must be made since the AMVB
must always prevail.

𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨𝑨𝑴𝑽𝑩 < 𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍

92
1.5 SITE PLANNING
❖ A L L O W A B L E M A X I M U M T O T A L
G R O S S F L O O R A R E A ( T G F A )

▪ SECTION 705. Allowable Floor Areas

93
 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 40 ∗ 60 = 2,400 𝑚2
Example C1-08:
Occupancy= Commercial (C-3)
1) Compute the AMBF base of Table VII.2
2) Compute the Total Gross Floor Area

𝑀𝑎𝑥. %𝑃𝑆𝑂 = 80%

𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 80% ∗ 𝑇𝐿𝐴 = 0.80 ∗ 2,400 = 1,920 𝑚2

𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭 = 𝟏, 𝟗𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝟐

𝑇𝐺𝐹𝐴 = 30 ∗ 𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹
𝑇𝐺𝐹𝐴 = 30 ∗ 1,920 = 57,600 𝑚2
𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨 = 𝟓𝟕, 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐 − 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙

𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝐺𝐹𝐴 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑉𝐼𝐼. 1

𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑇𝐺𝐹𝐴 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑀𝑉𝐵

94
1.5 SITE PLANNING
▪ Quantifying the AMVB. The AMVB shall be primarily
❖ A L L O W A B L E M A X I M U M
V O L U M E O F determined by the following:
B U I L D I N G ( A M V B )

1) Multiply the AMBF (in square meters) for the lot by

▪ The AMVB is an imaginary prism the applicable BHL (in meters) for the lot to arrive at
within which the fully enclosed areas the initial AMVB (in cubic meters); the result of this
and courts of a proposed step is the imaginary footprint prism;
building/structure shall fit.
▪ It is generally determined by
multiplying the AMBF for the lot by the
𝑨𝑴𝑩𝑭
applicable building height limit (BHL)
for the lot and thereafter deducting the
volume of space at the top part of the
prism to satisfy natural light and
ventilation requirements for RROW
and front yards and to satisfy
incremental setback requirements. The
AMVB is expressed in cubic meters.

𝐼𝑀𝐴𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐴𝑅𝑌 𝐹𝑂𝑂𝑇𝑃𝑅𝐼𝑁𝑇 𝑃𝑅𝐼𝑆𝑀

95
1.5 SITE PLANNING
▪ BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT (BHL)- the
maximum height to be allowed for
buildings/structures based on their
proposed use or occupancy;
▪ the BHL is generally determined after the
application of other development controls
(DC) and certain other parameters, i.e.,
considerations of site conditions, view,
etc. (Table VII.2. of this Rule).
▪ The BHL shall be generally measured
from the established grade line to the
top most portion of the proposed
building/structure. If applicable, the BHL
may be subject to clearance requirements
of the Air Transportation Office (ATO) or
of the concerned military/security
authorities.

▪ BHL excludes the height of

permitted/allowed projections above the
roof of the building/structure, e.g.,
signage, mast, antenna, telecom tower,
beacons and the like.
96
1.5 SITE PLANNING
▪ The Building Height Limit (BHL) of any
proposed building/structure shall only be
as allowed under this Rule (as shown in
table below) or under the duly approved
city/municipal (local) zoning ordinance,
whichever is more restrictive.

97
1.5 SITE PLANNING
2) Superimpose the angular plane
originating from the center of the RROW on
the footprint prism; this shall result in the
reduction of the initially computed building
volume due to the application of
incremental setbacks and of roof
configuration dictated by the angular plane;
the result of this step is the AMVB;

98
 1.5 SITE PLANNING
❖ A L LO WA B L E M A X I M U M V O LU M E O F B U I L D I N G ( A M V B )

▪ Table VII.G.3. also shows the recommended angles or slopes for

the angular planes originating from the centerline of the RROW
for R-1 and C-3 properties only.

99
99
1.5 SITE PLANNING
❖ A L L O W A B L E M A X I M U M
V O L U M E O F
B U I L D I N G ( A M V B )

▪ Quantifying the AMVB. The AMVB shall be

primarily determined by the following:

2) Superimpose the angular plane originating from ▪ Section 804.6- For buildings
the center of the RROW on the footprint prism; of more than two (2) storeys
this shall result in the reduction of the initially in height, the minimum
computed building volume due to the application width of the rear or side
of incremental setbacks and of roof configuration court shall be increased at
dictated by the angular plane; the result of this step the rate of 300 millimeters
is the AMVB; for each additional storey
up to the fourteenth (14th)
storey (Figure VIII.20.
showing incremental
setbacks).

100
 1.5 SITE PLANNING

3) To crosscheck the AMVB against the

Allowable Maximum TGFA (separately
determined), convert the AMVB into its
approximate area equivalent (in sq. meters)
by dividing it with the BHL. Before converting
the AMVB to its area component, check for
the effects of the incremental setbacks on the
TGFA for each floor of the proposed
building/structure.

𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝑴𝑽𝑩

𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝑴𝑽𝑩
𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨𝑨𝑴𝑽𝑩 = < 𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍
𝑩𝑯𝑳

101
 ▪ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑒:
𝒙
Example C1-09: Compute the TGFA based on 𝒚
𝟓𝒕𝒉
AMVB , and the AMVB?
Occupancy= Commercial (C-3) 𝟒𝒕𝒉
AMBF= 1,920 𝑚2 (30 X64m)
𝟑𝒓𝒅 𝟓@𝟑𝒎
BH= 5 –storey ( 3m height/floor) 𝑯
Angular Plane projection from RROW= 60
degrees 𝟐𝒏𝒅

Width of RROW= 8 m 𝟔𝟎°

Front Setback= 4m

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝟏 𝟑𝟎𝒎
𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑾 = 𝟒𝒎 + 𝟒𝒎 = 𝟖𝒎
𝟐
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑚;
𝐵𝐻𝐿 = 5 ∗ 3 = 15 𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒
𝐻 = 8𝑡𝑎𝑛60° = 13.86𝑚
2
𝐴𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 1,920 𝑚 ( 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙)
𝑦 = 3 5 − 13.86 = 1.14𝑚
𝟔𝟒 − 𝒙
1.14
𝑥= = 0.66 𝑚
tan 60°

5𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟
1𝑠𝑡 − 4𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟: 30𝑚 𝑥64𝑚
102
 ▪ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 804.6:

𝟑𝟎𝒎 𝟑𝟎𝒎 𝟑𝟎𝒎 𝟑𝟎𝒎

𝒂
𝒂 𝒂

𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒
𝟔𝟒𝒎 𝒃 𝒃
𝒃

1𝑠𝑡 − 2𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 3𝑟𝑑 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 4𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 5𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑎 = 30 − 0.60 = 29.40 𝑚 𝑎 = 30 − 1.20 = 28.80 𝑚 𝑎 = 30 − 1.80 = 28.20 𝑚
𝐺𝐹𝐴1−2 = 2 ∗ 64 ∗ 30 =
𝟑, 𝟖𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝟐 𝑏 = 64 − 0.30 = 63.70 𝑚 𝑏 = 64 − 0.60 = 63.40 𝑚 𝑏 = 64 − 0.90 − 0.66 = 62.44 𝑚
𝐺𝐹𝐴3 = 29.40 ∗ 63.70 = 𝐺𝐹𝐴4 = 28.80 ∗ 63.40 = 𝐺𝐹𝐴5 = 28.20 ∗ 62.44 =
𝟏, 𝟖𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟖 𝒎𝟐 𝟏, 𝟖𝟐𝟓. 𝟗𝟐 𝒎𝟐 𝟏, 𝟕𝟔𝟎. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝟐
෍ 𝐺𝐹𝐴 = 3,840 + 1,872.78 + 1,825.92 + 1,760.81 = 9,299.51 𝑚2

෍ 𝑮𝑭𝑨 = 𝟗, 𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝟐 − 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝑨𝑴𝑽𝑩

෍ 𝑮𝑭𝑨 = 𝟏, 𝟗𝟐𝟎 ∗ 𝟓 = 𝟗, 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐 − 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨𝑨𝑴𝑽𝑩 < 𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨𝑰𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 − 𝒐𝒌! 103
103
 ▪ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑀𝑉𝐵:
𝟑𝟎𝒎 𝟑𝟎𝒎 𝟑𝟎𝒎 𝟑𝟎𝒎
𝒂
𝒂 𝒂

𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒
𝟔𝟒𝒎 𝒃 𝒃
𝒃

1𝑠𝑡 − 2𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 3𝑟𝑑 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 4𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 5𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑎 = 30 − 0.60 = 29.40 𝑚 𝑎 = 30 − 1.20 = 28.80 𝑚 𝑎 = 30 − 1.80 = 28.20 𝑚
𝐺𝐹𝐴1−2 = 2 ∗ 64 ∗ 30 =
𝟑, 𝟖𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝟐 𝑏 = 64 − 0.30 = 63.70 𝑚 𝑏 = 64 − 0.60 = 63.40 𝑚 𝑏 = 64 − 0.90 − 0.66 = 62.44 𝑚
𝐺𝐹𝐴3 = 29.40 ∗ 63.70 = 𝐺𝐹𝐴4 = 28.80 ∗ 63.40 = 𝐺𝐹𝐴5 = 28.20 ∗ 62.44 =
𝟏, 𝟖𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟖 𝒎𝟐 𝟏, 𝟖𝟐𝟓. 𝟗𝟐 𝒎𝟐 𝟏, 𝟕𝟔𝟎. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝟐

෍ 𝐴𝑀𝑉𝐵 = 3,840 + 1,872.78 + 1,825.92 + 1,760.81 = 9,299.51 ∗ 3 = 27,898.53 𝑚3

෍ 𝑨𝑴𝑽𝑩 = 𝟐𝟕, 𝟖𝟗𝟖. 𝟓𝟑 𝒎𝟑 − 𝑨𝑴𝑽𝑩

104
104
 1.5 SITE PLANNING
❖ E S TA B L I S H I N G T H E O U T E R M O S T FA C E O F B U I L D I N G ( O F B )

▪ The OFB shall be primarily determined by

the vertical projections of the outermost
faces of the AMBF up to a height prescribed
by the applicable BHL

▪ Figure VII.G.1. shows the determination of

the angular planes needed to establish the
outer limits for walls and projections of the
proposed building/structure facing RROW
and for their corresponding roof
configurations.

105
105
1.5 SITE PLANNING
❖ E S TA B L I S H I N G T H E O U T E R M O S T FA C E O F B U I L D I N G ( O F B )

▪ Angles or slopes for other permitted uses/occupancies can be extrapolated from the two (2) examples. (Figs. VIII.G.1. and VIII.G.2.)

106
106
Example C1-09:
1. Compute the maximum balcony projection, x?
49𝑚
2. What is outermost face of the building (OFB)
from the front property line?

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒

20
𝜃 = tan−1 = 51.34°
16 𝑂𝐹𝐵

8 5@4𝑚 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑦

tan 51.34° = ; 𝑥 = 6.40 𝑚 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 "𝑥"
𝑥
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑥 = 6.40 𝑚

𝑂𝐹𝐵 = 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 − 𝑥 𝜃

𝑂𝐹𝐵 = 8 − 6.40 = 1.60𝑚
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡
𝑂𝐹𝐵 = 1.60𝑚 − 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ½ 𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑊
𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘
= 8𝑚
= 8𝑚
𝑂𝐹𝐵 = 9.60𝑚 − 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑊

107
107
Example C1-010:
Occupancy: Commercial (C-1)
For newly- developed main road: two parallel Road
Right of Way (RROW)
RROW (Front)= 16m wide
RROW (Rear) 25m wide

1. What is the maximum height of the building

using Table VII.2 ?
2. If the zoning ordinance limit the angular plane
to 40 degrees measured from front centerline 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
RROW, check the compliance of 10 meters BHL.
3. What is the maximum height of the building?

𝑩𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎𝒎 − 𝟏𝟓𝒎

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚: 𝟑 − 𝟓 108

1. What is the maximum height of the building using Table VII.2 ?
2. If the zoning ordinance limit the angular plane to 40 degrees measured from
front centerline RROW, check the compliance of 10 meters BHL.
3. What is the maximum height of the building?
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒

𝐵𝐻𝐿 = 10𝑚

𝜃 =?
5𝑚 1 8𝑚
𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
2
𝐵𝐻𝐿 = 10𝑚 𝐵𝐻𝐿
tan 𝜃 =
13
10
𝜃 = tan−1
𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 13
𝜃 =? 𝜽 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝟕 < 𝟒𝟎° − 𝒐𝒌!

𝑼𝒔𝒆 − 𝑩𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎𝒎 ( 𝟑 − 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚)

8𝑚 8𝑚

109
109
1.5 SITE PLANNING
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

❖ ESTABLISHING GRADE 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦

𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

▪ In case of sloping grade where the edges of the

building footprint (AMBF) running
perpendicular to the RROW has a difference in
elevation of less than 3.00 meters, the highest
adjoining natural grade (ground surface) or
finished grade (sidewalk surface) shall be
considered the established grade elevation
(Figure VII.1.);

▪ In case of sloping grade where the edges of the

building footprint (AMBF) running
perpendicular to the RROW has a difference in
elevation of more than 3.00 meters, the average 𝒉 ≥ 𝟑𝒎
grade level of the building footprint (AMBF) shall
be considered the established grade elevation
(see Figure VII.3.); and

𝒉 < 𝟑𝒎

110
1.5 SITE PLANNING

❖ ESTABLISHING GRADE

▪ The building/structure height shall be measured

from the highest adjoining public sidewalk
(finished grade) or ground surface (natural
grade); Provided, that the height measured
from the lowest adjoining surface shall not
exceed such maximum height by more than 3.00
meters;
▪ Except, that towers, spires and steeples,
erected as parts of the building and not used for
habitation or storage are limited as to the
height only by structural design, if completely of
incombustible materials, or may extend but not
exceed 6.00 meters above the prescribed
building height limit (BHL) for each occupancy
group, if of combustible materials (Figures
VII.2.).

111
 𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 = 𝟑𝟒𝒎

Example C1-11:
Occupancy: Commercial (C-1)
For newly- developed main road: two parallel Road
Right of Way (RROW)
RROW (Front)= 16m wide
Front setback= 5m 𝟏𝟒𝒎
𝟏𝟒 + 𝒚
Site Inclination= 7%

1. Determine the established grade line?

2. What is the BHL?
3. What is the building height from lowest
𝑩
adjoining ground surface.
𝑨 𝒚
𝟑𝟒𝒎

𝑦
7% = ; 𝑦 = 2.38 𝑚
34

𝟏𝟒𝒎 Since, 𝑦 = 2.38 < 3 𝑚 𝐹𝑖𝑔. 𝑉𝐼𝐼. 1 −

𝟏𝟒 + 𝒚 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑩 ,
𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒.

𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑩𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏𝟒𝒎 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒.

𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠;

14 + 𝑦 = 14 + 2.38 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟖 𝒎 112
4) What is the maximum actual angular plane of the
structure , considering the slope site, measure from
the front centerline of RROW

𝟏𝟒𝒎

𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟖
𝑩
𝜽𝑩
𝟓𝒎
𝑨 𝟖𝒎

𝟓𝒎 𝜽𝑨
𝟖𝒎

For highest elevation, actual angular plane of the structure is;

−1
14
𝑦 = 2.38 𝑚 𝜃𝐵 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 47.12°
13
14 + 𝑦 = 14 + 2.38 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟖 𝒎 For lowest elevation, actual angular plane of the structure is;
16.38
𝜃𝐴 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 51.56°
13
𝜽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝜽𝑩 = 𝟓𝟏. 𝟓𝟔° − 𝑨𝒏𝒔.
113
Add a Footer 114
114
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN

❖ ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

▪ The elements form the basic vocabulary of

visual design, while the principles constitute
the broader structural aspects of the
composition.

➢ Elements (ingredients) + Principles (cooking

methods) = Composition (dish)

➢ POINT, LINE, SHAPE, SPACE,

o ELEMENTS COLOR, FORM, & TEXTURE

➢ BALANCE, EMPHASIS,
o PRINCIPLES RHYTHM, UNITY, CONTRAST,
MOVEMENT

▪ Each of these elements plays an important role in

the overall success of a design, whether it is
created for a home’s exterior, a specific room, or
a piece of furniture.

115
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

➢ POINTS

▪ A dimensionless geometric element that has no

property but location, as the intersection of two
lines.

➢ LINE

▪ Line is the visual direction of a design. It can be

used to emphasize a pleasing element or disguise
an undesirable one.

▪ Different types of lines have different effects on

design.

▪ Vertical lines lead the eye up, adding height,

formality, and strength to a design. Can be seen
in: Tall furniture, Columns, Pillars, Striped,
wallpaper, & Long narrow draperies

▪ Vertical lines can make rooms seem more

spacious than they actually are and ceilings
appear higher.

116
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

➢ Horizontal Lines
▪ Horizontal lines can make buildings, rooms, and
furniture seem wider and shorter.

117
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

➢ Diagonal Lines
▪ Diagonal lines suggest action, movement and
excitement.

▪ Can be seen in: Staircases, Cathedral ceilings, &

Gable Roofs

▪ Diagonal lines can be overpowering and tiring, so

they should be used sparingly in design.

118
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

➢ Curved Lines
▪ Too many curved lines create a busy look.

▪ Can be seen in: Doorway arches, Ruffled curtains,

Curved furniture, & Rounded accessories

▪ Curved lines add a softening, graceful effect to

designs.

119
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

➢ Line
▪ In design, one type of line should dominate.
Others can be added for interest..

120
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
▪ These are perfect geometric shapes, which are
➢ Shape very pleasing to the eye.

▪ Shape is a flat image with two dimensions:

Length and Width.

▪ Shape is created by intersecting lines to form

squares, rectangles, and triangles.

▪ Imperfect geometric shapes tend to create

tension and attract greater interest.

▪ Connecting one continuous line to make a circle

also creates shape.

▪ Imperfect geometric shapes tend to create

tension and attract greater interest.

121
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

➢ Shape
▪ Shape may be:

❖ Shiny and reflect images- mirrors

❖ Transparent and create visual effects - window
glass
❖ Textured and absorb light and sound - window
treatments and carpeting
❖ Hard or Soft
❖ Plain or patterned
❖ Colored light or dark

122
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
➢ Intensity is the brightness or dullness of a hue. Adding some of its
❖ ELEMENTS OF DESIGN compliment can lower the intensity of a hue. The compliment of a hue is
the color directly opposite it on a standard color wheel. Examples of high
➢ Color intensity colors include hot pink and fire-engine red. Low intensity colors
include rust and smoky blue.
▪ Color is considered the most important element
of design.

▪ Each color has three characteristics: hue, value,

and intensity.

➢ Hue is the name of a color. Red, green and blue-

violet are examples of hues. A color may be
lightened or darkened, brightened or dulled, but
the hue will remain the same.

➢ Value is the lightness or darkness of a hue. The

value of a hue can be made lighter by adding
white. This produces a tint. Pink is a tint of red,
made by adding white to red. A hue can be made
darker by adding black. This produces a shade.
Maroon is a shade of red.

123
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN

❖ SPACE PLANNING

➢ Space
▪ Space is an element of design, the area provided
for a particular purpose.
▪ It may have two dimensions (length and width)
such as a floor, or it may have three dimensions
(length, width, and height), such as a room or
dwelling.

▪ Any space, no mater what size or shape, can be

divided into distinct parts.

124
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN

❖ SPACE PLANNING

➢ Space
▪ Too little space can create a feeling of being
exposed.

▪ Very large rooms designed for many people can

produce a lonely feeling when a person is alone.

▪ Space is affected by the number and size of

objects in it.

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1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN

❖ SPACE PLANNING

➢ Space

▪ Many objects scattered throughout a room will

most likely destroy the design effect because the
space will have no apparent organization or
unity.

▪ Objects grouped into large units will create a

more ordered space.

▪ When space changes gradually, it is more

pleasing than when it changes abruptly.
▪ When space changes suddenly, the eye shifts
from one view to the other without making a
smooth transition.

126
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN

❖ SPACE PLANNING

➢ Form
▪ Form is the outlined edges of a three
dimensional object. It has length, width, and
depth (or height) as well as volume and mass.

▪ Related forms tend to look better together than

unrelated forms.

▪ A room is more pleasing if the form of the

dominate piece is repeated in minor pieces and
accessories in a room.

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1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN

❖ SPACE PLANNING

➢ Texture
▪ Texture is a surface’s tactile quality. Tactile refers
to the perception of touch.

▪ In design, texture appeals to sight as well as

touch.

▪ Words used to describe textures: Ribbed,

Crinkled, Rough, and Smooth

▪ Smooth surfaces reflect more light than rough

surfaces, making them look lighter and brighter.
▪ Rough surfaces absorb more light, making them
look darker and less intense.

▪ A room with the same texture throughout is

monotonous, but too many different textures
can appear disjointed and distracting.

▪ Most well-designed rooms have a dominate

texture with accents of contrasting textures.

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1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ S E C T I O N 8 0 5 - C E I L I N G
H E I G H T S

▪ Habitable rooms provided with artificial 𝒉𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈

ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less
than 2.40 meters measured from the floor to the
ceiling; provided that for buildings of more than
one (1) storey, the minimum ceiling height of the
first storey shall be 2.70 meters and that for the
second story 2.40 meters and the succeeding
stories shall have an unobstructed typical head-
room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters
above the finished floor. Above-stated rooms
with natural ventilation shall have ceiling heights
of not less than 2.70 meters.

▪ Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height

not less than 1.80 meters above and below it.

129
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ S E C T I O N 8 0 6 - S I Z E S A N D ❖ S E C T I O N 8 0 7 . A I R S P A C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S
D I M E N S I O N S O F R O O M S I N D E T E R M I N I N G T H E S I Z E O F R O O M S

▪ Minimum sizes of rooms and their least ▪ Minimum air space shall be provided as follows:
horizontal dimensions shall be as follows:
a) School Rooms – 3.00 cu. meters with 1.00 sq. meter of floor
a) Rooms for Human Habitations – 6.00 sq. area per person;
meters with a least dimension of 2.00 b) Workshop, Factories, and Offices – 12.00 cu. meters of air
meters; space per person; and
b) Kitchen – 3.00 sq. meters with a least c) Habitable Rooms – 14.00 cu. meters of air space per person.
dimension of 1.50 meters; and
c) Bath and toilet – 1.20 sq. meters with a
least dimension of 900 millimeters.

130
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ S E C T I O N 8 0 8 . W I N D O W
O P E N I N G S

▪ Rooms intended for any use, not provided with

artificial ventilation system, shall be provided
with a window or windows with a total free area
of openings equal to at least 10% of the floor area
of the room, provided that such opening shall be
not less than 1.00 sq. meter. However, toilet and
bath rooms, laundry rooms and similar rooms
shall be provided with window or windows with
an area not less than 1/20 of the floor area of
such rooms, provided that such opening shall
not be less than 240 sq. millimeters. Such
window or windows shall open directly to a
court, yard, public street or alley, or open
watercourse.
▪ There shall absolutely be no openings
on/at/within/through all types of abutments
(such as firewalls) erected along property lines
except for permitted vent wells. This Rule strictly
applies to all new and existing developments.

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1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
▪ Eaves, canopies, awnings (or media agua) over required
❖ S E C T I O N 8 0 8 . W I N D O W windows shall not be less than 750 millimeters from the side
O P E N I N G S
and rear property lines.
▪ Required windows may open into a roofed porch
where the porch:

a) Abuts a court, yard, public street or alley, or

open watercourse and other public open
spaces;
b) Has a ceiling height of not less than 2.70 meters;
c) Has one of the longer sides at least 65% open
and unobstructed.

132
1.6 SPACE PLANNING AND DESIGN
❖ S E C T I O N 8 0 8 . W I N D O W
O P E N I N G S

▪ In locating window openings it should be borne

in mind that in cases of extreme emergencies
windows must serve as emergency egress to
vacate the premises or access for rescue
operations. Such windows shall meet the
following requirements:

a) They can be opened from the inside without the

use of any tools;
b) The minimum clear opening shall have a width
not less than 820 millimeters and a height of 1
meter;
c) The bottom of the opening should not be more
than 820 millimeters from the floor;
d) Where storm shutters, screens or iron grilles are
used, these shall be provided with quick
opening mechanism so that they can be readily
opened from the inside for emergency egress
and shall be so designed that when opened they
will not drop to the ground;
e) All areas immediately outside a fire exit
window/grille must be free of obstacles and
must lead to a direct access down into the
ground or street level.

133
1.70 PARKING DESIGN
▪ FLOOR TO LOT AREA RATIO (FLAR) or FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR) - The
ratio between the Gross Floor Area (GFA) of a building/structure and
the Total Lot Area (TLA) of the lot/property on which it stands. The
❖ G R O S S F LO O R A R E A ( G FA )
FLAR is determined by dividing the GFA of a building/structure by the
TLA. The GFA of any proposed or existing building/structure should not
▪ GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) - the total floor space exceed the prescribed FLAR multiplied by the TLA.
within the perimeter of the permanent external
building walls (inclusive of main and auxiliary
buildings) such as office areas, residential areas,
corridors, lobbies and mezzanine level/s.
▪ The GFA shall also include building projections
which may serve as floors or platforms that are
directly connected to/integrated with areas
within the building/structure, e.g., balconies
(Refer to Section 1004 of Rule X of this IRR) and
the GFA excludes the following:

a) Covered areas used for parking and driveways,

services and utilities;
b) Vertical penetrations in parking floors where no
residential or office units are present; and
c) Uncovered areas for helipads, air-conditioning
cooling towers or air-conditioning condensing
unit (ACCU) balconies, overhead water tanks,
roof decks, laundry areas and cages, wading or
swimming pools, whirlpools or jacuzzis,
terraces, gardens, courts or plazas, balconies
exceeding 10.00 sq. meters, fire escape
structures and the like.

134
1.70 PARKING DESIGN
❖ G R O S S F LO O R A R E A ( G FA )

Example: Compute the maximum allowable GFA of

a proposed industrial building (Ind-2) in 2,500 sq.m.
total lot area.

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝐺𝐹𝐴 = 𝑇𝐿𝐴 ∗ 𝐹𝐿𝐴𝑅
𝐹𝐿𝐴𝑅 = 3.0 (𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑉𝐼𝐼. 𝐺. 1)

𝐺𝐹𝐴 = 2,500 ∗ 3 = 7,500 𝑚2

𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘. 𝑮𝑭𝑨 = 𝟕, 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔.

135
1.70 PARKING DESIGN
❖ T E R M I N O LO G Y

▪ Parking slots together with their ancillary spaces OFF-SITE PARKING - Parking slots and ancillary spaces that are all
(such as driveways connecting such parking located outside the RROW/street and to be provided only within
slots, ramps, access systems, etc.) for the use of the property lines/limits of a separate site or lot on which a
motor vehicles of all types (private and public).
project is not located. Off-site parking may be below-grade
(basement level), at grade (ground level) or above-grade
OFF-RROW (or OFF-STREET) PARKING - (elevated/upper floor levels) of buildings/structures.
Parking slots and ancillary spaces that are all
located outside the RROW/street.

136
 1.70 PARKING DESIGN
PARKING SLOT - Spaces to be used mainly for parking
❖ T E R M I N O LO G Y motor vehicles of all types (private and public).

ON-SITE PARKING - Parking slots and ancillary

spaces that are all located outside the RROW/Street
and to be provided only within the property
lines/limits of a site or lot on which a building/
structure is to be constructed. On-site parking may
be below-grade, at grade or above-grade.

PARKING BUILDING/STRUCTURE - An off-RROW on-site

multiple parking facility consisting of a multi-level
building/structure that may have components located
below-grade or above-grade.

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1.70 PARKING DESIGN
❖ P A R K I N G S L O T , P A R K I N G
A R E A A N D
L O A D I N G / U N L O A D I N G S P A C E
R E Q U I R E M E N T S

▪ The parking slot, parking area and

loading/unloading space requirements listed
hereafter are generally the minimum off-street
cum on-site requirements for specific
uses/occupancies for buildings/structures, i.e.,
all to be located outside of the road right-of-way
(RROW).

▪ The size of an average automobile (car) parking

slot must be computed at 2.50 meters by 5.00
meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking
and at 2.15 meters by 6.00 meters for parallel
parking.

▪ A standard truck or bus parking/loading slot must be

computed at a minimum of 3.60 meters by 12.00
meters.
▪ An articulated truck slot must be computed at a
minimum of 3.60 meters by 18.00 meters which should
be sufficient to accommodate a 12.00 meters container
van or bulk carrier and a long/hooded prime mover.
▪ A jeepney or shuttle parking/loading/unloading slot
must be computed at a minimum of 3.00 meters by
9.00 meters.
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1.70 PARKING DESIGN
❖ P A R K I N G S L O T , P A R K I N G
A R E A A N D
L O A D I N G / U N L O A D I N G S P A C E
R E Q U I R E M E N T S

139
1.70 PARKING DESIGN
❖ P A R K I N G S L O T , P A R K I N G
A R E A A N D
L O A D I N G / U N L O A D I N G S P A C E
R E Q U I R E M E N T S

▪ The parking space ratings listed below are

minimum off-street/off-RROW cum on-site
requirements for specific uses/occupancies for
buildings/structures, i.e., all to be located
outside of the road right-of-way (RROW):

140
▪ See Table VII.4 for
continuation of the
Tables

141
141
1.70 PARKING DESIGN
Example: The actual Gross Floor Area (GFA) of the multi-storey building is 1,200
❖ P A R K I N G S L O T , P A R K I N G
A R E A A N D sq.m. city ordinance for parking slot within the building 98 sq.m./ slot.
L O A D I N G / U N L O A D I N G S P A C E 1. Compute the number of parking available at the basement.
R E Q U I R E M E N T S 2. Compute the parking slot permitted outside the building but within the 200
▪ In computing for parking slots, a fraction of 50% meter radius of the building.
and above shall be considered as one (1) car
parking slot to be provided. In all cases however, 𝐺𝐹𝐴 1200
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = = = 12.24 ≅ 12
a minimum of one (1) car parking slot shall be 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 98
provided unless otherwise allowed under this 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡
Rule.
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 @ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 80% ∗ 12 = 9.6 = 10
I. Multi-floor parking garages may serve the 20%
parking requirements of the building/structure # 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕 @ 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝟏
within 200.00 meter radius, provided at least
80% of the parking requirements are complied # 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒖𝒊𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈,
with and integrated in the building design. 𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔: 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎
= 𝟐 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕𝒔 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔. 𝟐

142
1.70 PARKING DESIGN
▪ For R-2, R-3, GI, C, C-2 and C-3 uses or occupancies, front yards abutting
❖ P A R K I N G S L O T , P A R K I N G RROW are not to be used for long-term off-street parking. Due to the very
A R E A A N D public nature of these uses (high vehicular and pedestrian
L O A D I N G / U N L O A D I N G S P A C E
R E Q U I R E M E N T S
concentrations), the front yard (a transition space between the RROW
and the building/structure) shall be used exclusively for driveways, off-
▪ Allowed Off-RROW/Off-Street cum Off-Site RROW loading spaces, short-term off-RROW parking and landscaping
Parking Provision (hardscape and softscape) treatment.
▪ Temporary or short-term off-street parking, particularly on driveways,
▪ Traffic generating buildings such as shopping shall preferably be only for visitors to these buildings/structures.
malls or similar facilities that have very high
volumes of pedestrian and vehicular traffic may
be located at major intersections or within
100.00 meters of such intersections, provided
that the distance between the street curb of the
ingress/egress of such a commercial lot/property
(nearest the intersection) and the straight curb
of the intersection shall not be less than 50.00
meters. (Fig. VII.9.)

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1.70 PARKING DESIGN
❖ P A R K I N G S L O T , P A R K I N G
A R E A A N D
L O A D I N G / U N L O A D I N G S P A C E
R E Q U I R E M E N T S

▪ Allowed Off-RROW/Off-Street cum Off-Site

Parking Provision

▪ For Basic R-2 and Basic R-3 uses or occupancies

(for single family dwelling units only), up to 50%
of the front yard abutting the RROW may be
paved/hardscaped, i.e., converted into a
courtyard for carport use. Such use shall not be
permitted in all other uses or occupancies.

▪ A front yard may be partly paved/hardscaped

(converted into a courtyard) to serve as a
carport but only for a basic R-2 or basic R-3 or R-4
(individual lot) use or occupancy, i.e., all for
single-family dwelling units only. All other
uses/occupancies shall not be allowed to use the
front yard for a carport nor for parking.

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 1.70 PARKING DESIGN

Add a Footer 145

145
1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

➢ The construction of stairs and exits shall conform

to the occupant load requirements of buildings,
reviewing stands, bleachers, and grandstands.

❖ Determination of Occupant Loads. The

occupant load permitted in any building or
portion thereof shall be determined by
dividing the floor area assigned to that use
by the unit area allowed per occupant as
shown on Table XII.1.

i. When the unit area per occupant for any

particular occupancy is not provided for
in Table XII.1., the Building Official shall
determine the same based on the unit
area for occupancy, which it most nearly
resembles.
ii. The occupant load of any area having
fixed seats shall be determined by the
number of fixed seats installed. Aisles
serving the fixed seats in said area shall
be included in determining the occupant
load.
146
1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

A. Determination of Occupant Loads

iii. The occupant load permitted in a building

or portion thereof may be increased above
that specified in Table XIII.1. if the necessary
exits are provided.

iv. In determining the occupant load, all

portions of a building shall be presumed to
be occupied at the same time.

EXCEPTION: Accessory areas, which ordinarily

are only used by persons who occupy the
main areas of occupancy, shall be provided
with exits as though they were completely
occupied. However, in computing the
maximum allowable occupant load for the
floor/building, the occupant load of the
accessory area/s shall be disregarded.

147
1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S , 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S 𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝒔𝒕 & 𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚:
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 /𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 1@ 45 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
A. Determination of Occupant Loads L𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 5@ 65 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑛& 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 @ 150𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
Problem 1.7-01:
𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 2 &85 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
Determine the maximum number of occupants for
𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 80 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
proposed college dormitories?
𝑇𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 = 5@ 6 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 = 1@ 20 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 & 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1@30 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑇𝐺𝐹𝐴 = 850 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐 𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝟑𝒓𝒅 & 𝟒𝒕𝒉 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚:

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 /𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 1@ 45 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
L𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 5@ 65 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑛& 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 @ 100𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐 𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 2 &85 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 80 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑇𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 = 5@ 6 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨 = 𝟖𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝟐 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 = 1@ 20 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 & 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1@30 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑇𝐺𝐹𝐴 = 800 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

𝑻𝑮𝑭𝑨 = 𝟖𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝟐

148
1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S , Note: In determining the occupant load, all portions of a building shall be
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S presumed to be occupied at the same time.
EXCEPTION: Accessory areas, which ordinarily are only used by persons
who occupy the main areas of occupancy, in computing the maximum
allowable occupant load for the floor/building, the occupant load of the
accessory area/s shall be disregarded.

𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1𝑠𝑡 & 2𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦:

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 /𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 1@ 45 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚. 𝑴𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒚
L𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 5@ 65 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑛& 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 @ 150𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 2 &85 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 80 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

𝑇𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 = 5@ 6 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 = 1@ 20 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 & 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1@30 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 3𝑟𝑑 & 4𝑡ℎ 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦:

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 /𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 1@ 45 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
L𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 5@ 65 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚. 𝑴𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒚
𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑛& 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 @ 100𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 2 &85 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 80 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

𝑇𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 = 5@ 6 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑠 = 1@ 20 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚. 𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 & 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1@30 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚. 149
1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S , 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S Unit Area per Occupant: 𝟏𝟖. 𝟔𝟎 𝒔𝒒. 𝒎./𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦:

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 /𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 45 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
L𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 325 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑛& 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 150 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 170 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠: 690 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1𝑠𝑡 & 2𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦:
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 /𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 1@ 45 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚. 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 690
L𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 5@ 65 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚. 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 = = 37.10 ≅ 37 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 18.60
𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑛& 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 @ 150𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 2 &85 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝟑𝟕 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 − 𝟏𝒔𝒕 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚
𝟑𝟕 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 − 𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚

150
1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S , 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S Unit Area per Occupant: 𝟏𝟖. 𝟔𝟎 𝒔𝒒. 𝒎./𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕

𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 3𝑟𝑑 & 4𝑡ℎ 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦:

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 /𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 1@ 45 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.

L𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 5@ 65 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑛& 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 @ 100𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 2 &85 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠: 640 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 3𝑟𝑑 & 4𝑡ℎ 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦:
𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 640
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 /𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 1@ 45 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚. 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 = = 34.41 ≅ 34 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠
L𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 5@ 65 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚. 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 18.60
𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑛& 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 @ 100𝑠𝑞. 𝑚.
𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 2 &85 𝑠𝑞. 𝑚. 𝟑𝟒 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 − 𝟑𝒓𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚
𝟑𝟒 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 − 𝟒𝒕𝒉 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚

151
 1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S , A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝟑𝟒 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 − 𝟒𝒕𝒉 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚

𝟑𝟒 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 − 𝟑𝒓𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚

𝟑𝟕 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 − 𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚

𝟑𝟕 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 − 𝟏𝒔𝒕 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒚

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 34 + 34 + 37 + 37 = 142 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑩𝒖𝒊𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟐 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔

152
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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

B. Exit Requirements

➢ Exit requirements of a building or portion

thereof used for different purposes shall
be determined by the occupant load
which gives the largest number of
persons. No obstruction shall be placed in
the required width of an exit except
projections permitted by the Code.

➢ Posting of Room Capacity. Any room

having an occupant load of more than fifty
(50) where fixed seats are not installed,
and which is used for classroom, assembly,
or similar purpose shall have the capacity
of the room posted in a conspicuous place
near the main exit from the room.

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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S , Occupant/s Number of Exits
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

C. Number of Exits Minimum 1

▪ Every building or usable portion thereof > 𝟏𝟎 2

shall have at least one (1) exit. 𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟗𝟗𝟗 3
▪ In all occupancies, floors above the first
storey having an occupant load of more ≥ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 4
than ten (10) shall not have less than two
(2) exits.
▪ Each mezzanine floor used for other than
storage purposes, if greater in area than
185 sq. meters or more than 18.00 meters
in any dimension, shall have at least two
(2) stairways to an adjacent floor.
▪ Every storey or portion thereof, having an
occupant load of 500 to 999 shall have at
least three (3) exits.
▪ Every storey or portion thereof having an
occupant load of one thousand (1000) or
more shall have at least four (4) exits.

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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

C. Number of Exits
𝟐𝟓% 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 @ 𝟒𝑭
▪ The number of exits required from any storey of
a building shall be determined by using the
occupant loads of floors which exit through the
level under consideration as follows: 50% of the
occupant load in the first adjacent storey above 𝟐𝟓% 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 @ 𝟑𝑭
(and the first adjacent storey below, when a
storey below exits through the level under
consideration) and 25% of the occupant load in
the storey immediately beyond the first adjacent
storey.
𝟓𝟎% 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 @ 𝟐𝑭

▪ The maximum number of exits required for any

storey shall be maintained until egress is 𝟏𝟎𝟎% 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 @ 𝑮𝑭
provided from the structures. For purposes of
this Section basement or cellars and occupied
roofs shall be provided with exits as required for 𝟓𝟎% 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 @ 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
storeys. Floors above the second storey,
basements and cellars used for other than 𝐸𝑋𝐴𝑀𝑃𝐿𝐸: 𝐺𝑅𝑂𝑈𝑁𝐷 𝐹𝐿𝑂𝑂𝑅 𝐼𝑆 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝐿𝐸𝑉𝐸𝐿 𝐵𝐸𝐼𝑁𝐺 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑆𝐼𝐷𝐸𝑅𝐸𝐷,
service of the building shall have not less than
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝐿 @ 𝐺𝐹 𝑎𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
two (2) exits.
100%𝑂𝐿@𝐺𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@2𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@𝐵𝐹 + 25%𝑂𝐿@3𝐹 + 25%𝑂𝐿@4𝐹

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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝟒𝑭
( 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘/𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 4𝐹)
Problem 1.7-02:
Compute the number of exits at ground floor of the 𝑶𝑳 @𝟒𝑭 = 𝟑𝟒 > 𝟏𝟎; 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟐 − 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔
proposed college dormitories.

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝟑𝑭

𝑂𝐿 @3𝐹 = 100%𝑂𝐿@3𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@4𝐹

𝑶𝑳 @𝟑𝑭 = 𝟑𝟒 + 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟑𝟒 = 𝟓𝟏
𝑶𝑳 @𝟑𝑭 = 𝟓𝟏 > 𝟏𝟎, 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟐 − 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝟐𝑭
𝑂𝐿 @2𝐹 = 100%𝑂𝐿@2𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@3𝐹 + 25%𝑂𝐿@4𝐹
𝑶𝑳 @𝟐𝑭 = 𝟑𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟑𝟒 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟒 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟎
𝑶𝑳 @𝟐𝑭 ≅ 𝟔𝟑 , 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟐 − 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔

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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝑮𝑭 𝑁𝑜 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 ;

Problem 1.7-02: 𝑂𝐿 @𝐺𝐹 = 100%𝑂𝐿@𝐺𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@2𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@𝐺𝐹

Compute the number of exits at ground floor of the +25%𝑂𝐿@3𝐹 + 25%𝑂𝐿@4𝐹
proposed college dormitories.
𝑶𝑳 @𝑮𝑭 = 𝟑𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟑𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 𝟎
+𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟒 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟒 = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟓𝟎

𝑶𝑳 @𝑮𝑭 ≅ 𝟕𝟑 , 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟐 − 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔.

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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟:
Problem 1.7-03:
Compute the number of exits at ground floor of the
proposed college dormitories if the basement floor
will served as garage. Basement TGFA= 850 sq.m.

850
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = = 91.40 ≅ 91
9.30
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠@𝐵𝐹 = 91

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝑩𝑭;

𝑶𝑳 @𝑩𝑭 = 𝟗𝟏 > 𝟏𝟎; 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟐 − 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝑮𝑭 ;
𝑂𝐿 @𝐺𝐹 = 100%𝑂𝐿@𝐺𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@2𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@𝐺𝐹
+25%𝑂𝐿@3𝐹 + 25%𝑂𝐿@4𝐹

𝑂𝐿 @𝐺𝐹 = 37 + 0.5 37 + 0.50 91 + 0.25 34 + 0.25 34 = 118

𝑶𝑳 @𝑮𝑭 = 𝟏𝟏𝟖 > 𝟏𝟎, 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟐 − 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒔 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔.

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 1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

D. Width of Exits

▪ The total width of exits in meters shall not be

less than the total occupant load served divided
by one hundred sixty five (165). Such width of
exits shall be divided approximately equally
among the separate exits.

▪ The total exit width required from any storey of a

building shall be determined by using the
occupant load of that storey plus the
percentage of the occupant loads of floors
which exits through the level under
consideration as follows: 50% of the occupant
load in the first adjacent storey above (and the
first adjacent storey below when a storey below
exits through the level under consideration) and
25% of the occupant load in the storey
immediately beyond the first adjacent storey. 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑂𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒
▪ The maximum exit width from any storey of a 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑠 ≥
165
building shall be maintained.

159
1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒕 𝟒𝑭
( 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘/𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 4𝐹)
Problem 1.7-04:
1) Compute the minimum total exit width at 𝑂𝐿 @4𝐹 34
ground floor of the proposed college 𝑀𝑖𝑛. 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ@ 4𝐹 = = = 0.206 𝑚
165 165
dormitories.
2) Check the compliance of 2-Exit Doors with 1.20m 𝑴𝒊𝒏. 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 @ 𝟒𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟔 𝒎
width.
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒕 𝟑𝑭

𝑂𝐿 @3𝐹 = 100%𝑂𝐿@3𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@4𝐹

𝑂𝐿 @3𝐹 = 34 + 0.5 34 = 51
𝑂𝐿 @3𝐹 51
𝑀𝑖𝑛. 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ@ 3𝐹 = = = 0.309 𝑚
165 165
𝑴𝒊𝒏. 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 @ 𝟑𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗 𝒎

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒕 𝟐𝑭

𝑂𝐿 @2𝐹 = 100%𝑂𝐿@2𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@3𝐹 + 25%𝑂𝐿@4𝐹

𝑂𝐿 @2𝐹 = 37 + 0.5 34 + 0.25 34 = 62.50 ≅ 63

𝑂𝐿 @2𝐹 63
𝑀𝑖𝑛. 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ @ 2𝐹 = = = 0.382 𝑚
165 165
𝑴𝒊𝒏. 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 @ 𝟐𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟐𝒎
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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S , 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒕 𝑮𝑭
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

Problem 1.7-04: 𝑂𝐿 @𝐺𝐹 = 100%𝑂𝐿@𝐺𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@2𝐹 + 50%𝑂𝐿@𝐺𝐹

1) Compute the minimum total exit width at +25%𝑂𝐿@3𝐹 + 25%𝑂𝐿@4𝐹
ground floor of the proposed college
𝑂𝐿 @𝐺𝐹 = 37 + 0.5 37 + 0.50 0
dormitories.
2) Check the compliance of 2-Exit Doors with 1.20m +0.25 34 + 0.25 34 = 72.50 ≅ 73
width.
𝑂𝐿 @𝐺𝐹 73
𝑀𝑖𝑛. 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ @ 𝐺𝐹 = = = 0.442 𝑚
165 165
𝑴𝒊𝒏. 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 @ 𝑮𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟐 𝒎 − 𝑨𝒏𝒔. −𝟏

𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝟐 − 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒅𝒐𝒐𝒓 @𝑮𝑭;

0.442
𝑀𝑖𝑛. 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = = 0.221 𝑚
2

𝑴𝒊𝒏. 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒐𝒐𝒓 =

𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟏𝒎 < 𝟏. 𝟐𝟎 𝒎 − 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆! − 𝑨𝒏𝒔. −𝟐

161
1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
G. Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies.
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S
▪ The provisions herein shall apply to every corridor and
E. Arrangement of Exits exterior exit balcony serving as a required exit for an
▪ If only two (2) exits are required, they shall be occupant load of more than ten (10).
placed a distance apart to not less than one- ▪ Width. Every corridor or exit balcony shall not be less
fifth (1/5) of the perimeter of the area served than 1.10 meters in width.
measured in a straight line between exits. ▪ Projections. The required width of corridors and exterior
▪ Where three (3) or more exits are required, they exit balconies shall be unobstructed. Except, that trim
shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart
handrails, and doors when fully opened shall not reduce
so that if one becomes blocked, the others will
be available. the required width by more than 200 millimeters. Doors
in any position shall not reduce the required width of
the corridor by more than one-half (1/2).
F. Distance to Exits
▪ Access to Exits. When more than one (1) exit is required,
▪ No point in a building without a sprinkler they shall be so arranged to allow going to either
system shall be more than 45.00 meters from an direction from any point in the corridor or exterior exit
exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit balcony to a separate exit, except for dead ends
passageway, or an enclosed stairway, measured
permitted by the Code.
along the line of travel.
▪ In a building equipped with a complete ▪ Dead Ends. Corridors and exterior exit balconies with
automatic fire extinguishing system, the dead ends are permitted when the dead end does not
distance from exits may be increased to 60.00 exceed 6.00 meters in length.
meters.

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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

H. Stairways

▪ Except stairs or ladders used only to access

equipment, every stairway serving any building
or portion thereof shall conform to the following
requirements:
▪ Width. Stairways serving an occupant load of
more than fifty (50) shall not be less than 1.10
meters. Stairways serving an occupant load of
fifty (50) or less may be 900 millimeters wide.
Private stairways serving an occupant load of
less than ten (10) may be 750 millimeters. Trim
and handrails shall not reduce the required
width by more than 100 millimeters.
▪ Rise and Run. The rise of every step in a stairway
shall not exceed 200 millimeters and the run shall
not be less than 250 millimeters. The maximum
variations in the height of risers and the width of
treads in any one flight shall be 5 millimeters:
Except, in case of private stairways serving an
occupant load of less than ten (10), the rise may
be 200 millimeters and the run may be 250
millimeters, except as provided in sub-paragraph
(c) below.

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 1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

H. Stairways

▪ Winding Stairways. In Group A Occupancy and in private

stairways in Group B Occupancies, winders may be used if
the required width of run is provided at a point not more
than 300 millimeters from the side of the stairway where
the treads are narrower but in no case shall any width of
run be less than 150 millimeters at any point.
▪ Circular Stairways. Circular stairs may be used as an exit
provided the minimum width of run is not less than 250
millimeters. All treads in any one flight between landings
shall have identical dimensions within a 5 millimeters
tolerance.
▪ Landings. Every landing shall have a dimension measured in
the direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway.
Such dimension need not exceed 1.20 meters when the
stairs has a straight run. Landings when provided shall not
be reduced in width by more than 100 millimeters by a door
when fully open.
▪ Basement Stairways. Where a basement stairway and a
stairway to an upper storey terminate in the same exit
enclosure, an approved barrier shall be provided to prevent
persons from continuing on to the basements. Directional
exit signs shall be provided as specified in the Code.
▪ Distance Between Landings. There shall be not more than
3.60 meters vertical distance between landings.
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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

H. Stairways

▪ Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on each

side and every stairway required to be more
than 3.00 meters in width shall be provided with
not less than one intermediate handrail for each
3.00 meters of required width.
▪ Intermediate handrails shall be spaced
approximately equal within the entire width of
the stairway.

▪ Handrails shall be placed not less than 800

millimeters nor more than 900 millimeters above
the nosing of treads, and ends of handrails shall
be returned or shall terminate in newel posts or
safety terminals: Except, in the following cases:
Stairways 1.10 meters or less in width and
stairways serving one (1) individual dwelling unit
in Group A or B Occupancies may have one
handrail, except that such stairway, open on one
or both, sides shall have handrails provided on
the open side or sides: or stairways having less
than four (4) risers need not have handrails.

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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

H. Stairways

▪ Stairway to Roof. In every building four (4) or

more storeys in height, one (1) stairway shall
extend to the roof unless the roof has a slope
greater than 1 in 3.
▪ Headroom. Every required stairway shall have a
headroom clearance of not less than 2.00 meters.
Such clearance shall be established by measuring
vertically from a plane parallel and tangent to
the stairway tread nosing to the soffit above all
points.
▪ Ramps. A ramp conforming to the provisions of
the Code may be used as an exit. The width of
ramps shall be as required for corridors.

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1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

H. Stairways

▪ As per Fire Code of the Philippines:

▪ Stairs used as a component in the means of

egress shall conform to the general
requirements of Section 10.2.5.2 of this RIRR and
to the special requirements of this Section.
▪ All stairways designated as a means of egress
shall be continuous from the uppermost floor
level down to the ground floor.

167
1.7 ZONING ORDINANCE- FIRE SAFETY PROVISION
❖ S E C T I O N 1 2 0 7 . S T A I R S , E X I T S ,
A N D O C C U P A N T L O A D S

H. Stairways

▪ As per Fire Code of the Philippines:

168
 THANK YOU
END OF CHAPTER 1

For Educational Purposes Only. 169