INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

10 FACILITIES FOR USE BY LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

EDUCATORS IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN ABIA STATE,
NIGERIA

Olusola OLOWOKERE1, Yahaya Aliyu ISMAILA2&Abdullahi Maito RASAQ3

Department of Library and Information Science Michael Okpara University of Agriculture
Umudike, Abia State1, Kwara State University Library2&University Library, University of
Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State3
[email protected]; [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract
Purpose: The study assessed the provision of Information and Communication Technology
facilities for use by Library and Information Science educators in public University Libraries in
Abia State, Nigeria.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study.
Three research questions guided the study while three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level
of significance. The population of the study was 30 Library and Information Science (LIS)
educators drawn from Abia State University, Uturu (ABSU) and Michael Okpara University of
Agriculture, Umudike (MOUAU). The entire 31 LIS educators were used as respondents for the
study. Data for the study were collected with a well-structured 25-item questionnaire. Data
collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions
while the hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics.]
Findings: From the data collected and analyzed, the study identified 9 rationale for providing
Information and Communication Technology facilities, 9 factors that militate against the
provision of Information and Communication Technology facilities in public university libraries
and 7 strategies for enhancing the provision of Information and Communication Technology
facilities for use by Library and Information Science educators in public university libraries.
Originality/Value: Based on the findings, the study recommended that there should be capacity
building training for both staff in effective utilization of ICT facilities for quality research and
skills in Nigerian universities and that the identified problems hindering effective provision of ICT
facilities in public universities libraries should be properly addressed by the government and
school authorities.
Keywords: Information, Communication, Technology, Library educator, Public Universities, Abia
State, Nigeria.
Paper type: Empirical research

ICTs as electronic or computerized devices,

Introduction
assisted by human and interactive materials that
In the new information and digital environment, can be used for a wide range of teaching and
the importance of Information and learning as well as for personal use. In the opinion
Communication Technologies (ICTs) can therefore of Aina(2004), ICTs are omnibus terms that
not be overemphasized. Ofodu (2007) described encompass computers and telecommunication
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 Information Science educators like other
technology; it is concerned with the technology academics are at the centre of information
used in handling, acquiring, processing, storing sharing for personal growth and the overall
and disseminating information. The emergence of progress of education system using information
ICT has really revolutionized the processes of technologies. The so-called information
providing information and educational services. revolution has made libraries around the world to
With regard to the management and functions of adopt new philosophies and technologies for
the library, ICT has opened up new ways for fast service delivery and also reduce the cost of
and reliable information services. This is a information. For instance, the report of Kent State
practical demonstration of the fact that several University (2019) showed that academic libraries
aspects of library activities and services are support college or university by providing 24/7
amenable to the application of Information and online access to resources, reference help and
Communication Technology (Oketunji, 2001).The research consultations, assistance finding
use of ICT falls into four major categories which materials, research instruction classes and
include: constructing knowledge and problem workshops, interlibrary loan, course reserves and
solving (through the Internet, email, CD-ROMs, copiers.
databases, video conferencing); using process
skills; aiding explanation of concepts; and In the advanced nations of the world, the impact
communicating ideas (PowerPoint, desktop of ICT on libraries, especially academic libraries is
publishing) (Aladejana, 2007). ICT facilitates enormous. This is not so with developing or
communication, increase access to learning for under-developed countries, Nigeria inclusive.
students, stimulate a wide range of scientific Aguolu and Aguolu (2002) affirmed that available
phenomenon and generally motivate both research evidence points to the fact that the age
teachers and students to develop problem solving of total electronic libraries is yet to materialize in
capabilities and aid deeper understanding the less-developed communities. A situation of
(Selinger, 2014). this nature denies library users the benefit of
quality information services owing to the fact that
The rapid development in the field of Information ICT is applied on activities concerned with such
and Communication Technology (ICT) has had housekeeping routines of the library as
many positive effects on almost all facets of acquisition, cataloguing, serials control,
human activities, including the home, education circulation of library materials and the collection
and training, health, defense and security, finance of management statistics. For instance, when
and commerce, the industry, offices as well as properly applied, the computer accomplishes
and in library information system. Academic such repetitive and tedious tasks as books
librarians are regarded as Library and Information ordering, loans and recalls much faster, more
Science educators who are charged with the accurately, more efficiently and untiringly than
responsibilities of teaching students the theory any human can. This clearly underlines the
and principles of Library and Information Science. relevance of ICT in the management of libraries
According to Isah, Angoand Abu(2016), and delivery of information services. It is quite
Librarianship is the discipline and profession that obvious that ICTs and their application in library
is concerned with helping individuals obtain and information services have continued to
reliable information to increase their knowledge change the scope and patterns of library services
in all spheres of their lives from the cumulated (Anaeme, 2008). The aforementioned significance
information store of mankind. It is a profession of ICTs suggests that the field of Library and
that deals with implementation of Library and Information Science is deeply affected by the
Information Science curriculum to learners in Information and Communication Technology
colleges and universities. Hence, Library and
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Information and Communication Technology Facilities for Use By Library and Information Science Educators in University
Libraries in Abia State, Nigeria

revolution. Hence, the provision of ICTs is at 3. Identified strategies for enhancing the
present, the greatest gift of technology for the provision of Information and Communication
overall improvement of library operations and Technology facilities for use by Library and
services and academics in general. Information Science educators in public
university libraries in Abia State, Nigeria.
Universities are learning institutions and libraries
are to provide effective and efficient services with Research Questions
adequate provisions of ICT facilities for use by
educators, learners and users. This is because, the Based on the specific purposes of the study, the
provision and utilization of ICT have brought following research questions were answered:
about unprecedented transformation of academic
1. What are the rationale for providing
libraries as documented in literature. However,
Information and Communication Technology
ICTs facilities when provided and skillfully used
facilities in public university libraries in Abia
can influence information service provision and
State?
utilization by making them more meaningful.
Unfortunately, the personal observation, as well 2. What are the factors that militate against the
as interactions with some academic librarians in provision of Information and Communication
public universities in Abia State (Abia State Technology facilities in public university
University Uturu (ABSU) and Michael Okpara libraries in Abia State?
University of Agriculture, Umudike
(MOUAU)showed that some of the staff do not 3. What are the strategies for enhancing the
have access to ICT facilities due to gross provision of Information and Communication
inadequate provision of the required ICTs for Technology facilities for use by Library and
teaching, learning and their personal professional Information Science educators in public
advancement. It is based on this background that university libraries in Abia State, Nigeria?
this study was carried out to investigate the
provision of Information and Communication Research Hypotheses
Technology facilities for use by Library and
The study tested the following null hypotheses at
Information Science educators in public University
0.05 level of significance:
libraries in Abia State, Nigeria.
H01: There is no significant difference in the mean
Purpose of the Study
ratings of Library and Information Science
The broad purpose of this study was to assess the educators from ABSU and MOUAU on the
provision of Information and Communication rationale for providing Information and
Technologies for use by Library and Information Communication Technology facilities in
Science educators in public university libraries in public university libraries in Abia State.
Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study:
H02: There is no significant difference in the mean
1. Determined the rationale for providing ratings of Library and Information Science
Information and Communication Technology educators from ABSU and MOUAU on the
facilities in public university libraries in Abia factors that militate against the provision of
State, Information and Communication
Technology facilities in public university
2. Identified factors that militate against the libraries in Abia State.
provision of Information and Communication
Technology facilities in public university H03: There is no significant difference in the mean
libraries in Abia State; ratings of Library and Information Science
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Olusola OLOWOKERE , Yahaya Aliyu ISMAILA &Abdullahi Maito RASAQ

educators from ABSU and MOUAU on the with the help of two research assistants through
strategies for enhancing the provision of face-to-face administration. Through adequate
Information and Communication monitoring, the entire 31 copies of questionnaire
Technology facilities for use by Library and administered to the staffwere retrieved
Information Science educators in public representing 100% rate of return.
university libraries in Abia State, Nigeria.
The data collected were analyzed using
Methodology descriptive statistics such as mean and standard
deviation to answer the research questions while
Descriptive survey research design was adopted the hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics
in carrying out the study. Three research at 0.05 level of significance. The criterion
questions were answered while three null reference (cut-off) point for answering the
hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of research question was as 2.50. Hence, any item
significance. The population of the study was with mean value of 2.50 and above was
30Library and Information Science (LIS) educators interpreted as “Agree” while those less than 2.50
drawn from Abia State University, Uturu (ABSU) were interpreted as “Disagree”. On the other
and Michael Okpara university of Agriculture, hand, the hypothesis of no significant difference
Umudike (MOUAU). This was made up of 16LIS was accepted for items with p-values were
educators from Abia State University and 14LIS greater than 0.05 level of probability while
educators from Michael Okpara University of hypothesis of no significant difference was
Agriculture, Umudike. Due to the manageable size rejected when the p-values were less than 0.05
of the population, the 30 LIS educators from the level of probability.
two public universities in the state were used as
sample for the study, hence, there was no Results and Interpretation
sampling.
Research Question One
Data for the study were collected with a well
structured25-item questionnaire. The instrument What are the rationale for providing Information
was subjected to face and content validation and Communication Technology facilities in public
through thorough vetting by three LIS experts. university libraries in Abia State?
The comments and suggestions of the experts
Hypothesis One
were duly incorporated into the final draft of the
questionnaire used for data collection. To H01: What are the rationale for providing
ascertain the reliability of the instruments, Information and Communication
Cronbach Alpha reliability technique was used Technology facilities in public university
which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.84. Data libraries in Abia State?
for the study were collected by the researchers

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Information and Communication Technology Facilities for Use By Library and Information Science Educators in University
Libraries in Abia State, Nigeria
Table 1: Mean Ratings and t-test Statistics of Library and Information Science Educators on the Rationale for
Providing Information and Communication Technology Facilities in University Libraries in Abia State
(n = 30).
XA XM XG SD t-cal p-value Remarks
SN Items RQ H0
1 To obtain current research findings 3.82 3.64 3.73 0.63 1.42 0.15 A NS
2 To enhance quick access to e-resources in 3.62 3.61 3.61 0.48 0.09 0.99 A NS
the library
3 To facilities searching and retrieval of 3.86 3.63 3.74 0.48 2.29 0.02 A S*
information
4 To facilitate interconnectivity of 3.44 3.43 3.43 0.57 0.09 0.92 A NS
information resources among libraries
5 For power point presentation during 3.31 3.33 3.32 0.47 0.26 0.79 A NS
lectures/workshops
6 Storage of information in CD-ROM, flash 3.48 3.47 3.47 0.50 0.03 0.97 A NS
drives and floppy diskettes.
7 ICTs are provided for recreational 3.80 3.60 3.70 0.48 1.98 0.04 A S*
purposes
8 ICT are for in-depth research work 3.55 3.43 3.49 0.49 1.04 0.30 A NS
9 ICTs give access to current Journals 3.75 3.70 3.72 0.45 0.54 0.58 A NS
Note: X A = Mean of ABSU; X M = Mean of MOUAU; XG = Grand Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; A = Agree; S* =
Significant; NS =Not Significant; Level of Sig. 0.05
and 7 were 0.02 and 0.04 respectively which are
The data presented in Table 1 showed that the
in each case less than 0.05 level of significance.
grand mean ratings of the responses of LIS
This indicated that there were significant (p<0.05)
educators on the 9 items in the table ranged from
differences between the mean ratings of the
3.32 to 3.73 which are all greater than the
responses of staff of ABSU and MOUAU on the
criterion reference (cut-off) point value of 2.50.
remaining 2 rationales for provision of ICTs
This indicates that the 9 identified items in the
facilities in public universities in Abia State.
table were regarded by the LIS educators as
Therefore, the null hypothesis of no significant
rationale for providing Information and
difference is rejected on the remaining 2 items in
Communication Technology facilities in public
the table.
university libraries in Abia State.
Research Question Two
The results of the t-test analysis presented shows
that the p-value of 7 out of the 9 items in the What are the factors that militate against
table ranged from 0.15 to 0.99 which are all the provision of Information and Communication
greater than 0.05 level of significance. This Technology facilities in public university libraries
indicates that there were no significant (p<0.05) in Abia State?
differences between the mean ratings of the
Hypothesis Two
responses of LIS educators in ABSU and MOUAU
on the 7 rationales for provision of ICTs facilities H02: What are the factors that militate against the
in public universities in Abia State. Hence, the null provision of Information and
hypothesis of no significant difference is accepted Communication Technology facilities in
on the 7 items in the table. The p-values of the public university libraries in Abia State?
remaining 2 items in the table, specifically items 3

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Olusola OLOWOKERE , Yahaya Aliyu ISMAILA &Abdullahi Maito RASAQ

Table 2: Mean Ratings and t-test Statistics of Library and Information Science Educators on the Factors Militating
against the Provision of Information and Communication Technology Facilities in University Libraries
in Abia State.
XA XM XG SD t-cal p-value Remarks
SN Items RQ H0
1 Non-challant attitude of the policy makers 3.75 3.64 3.69 0.50 1.02 0.30 A NS
2 Inadequate funding of library services 3.68 3.64 3.66 0.48 0.39 0.69 A NS
3 Poor electric power supply 3.55 3.52 3.53 0.60 0.23 0.81 A NS
4 High cost of importation of ICT equipment 3.55 3.54 3.54 0.58 0.02 0.98 A NS
5 Lack of maintenance culture on part of 3.51 3.40 0.49 0.98 0.32 A NS
the ICT manager 3.45
6 Poor technological know-how in 3.48 3.50 0.50 -0.21 0.82 A NS
installation of ICT facilities. 3.49
7 Inadequate ICT facilities in university 3.48 3.53 0.50 -0.47 0.63 A NS
libraries. 3.50
8 Poor infrastructural facilities 3.72 3.59 3.65 0.49 1.24 0.21 A NS
9 Unfavorable national ICT policy. 3.51 3.53 3.52 0.60 -0.12 0.89 A NS
Note: X A = Mean of ABSU; X M = Mean of MOUAU; XG = Grand Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; A = Agree; S* =
Significant; NS =Not Significant; Level of Sig. 0.05
State. Hence, the null hypothesis of no significant
The data presented in Table 2 reveals that the
difference was accepted on the nine items of
grand mean ratings of the responses of LIS
hypothesis 2.
educators on the 9 items in the table ranged from
3.45 to 3.69 which are all greater than the Research Question Three
criterion reference (cut-off) point value of 2.50.
What are the strategies for enhancing the
This indicates that the 9 identified items in the
provision of Information and Communication
table were regarded by the LIS educators as
Technology facilities for use by Library and
factors that militate against the provision of
Information Science educators in public university
Information and Communication Technology
libraries in Abia State, Nigeria?
facilities in public university libraries in Abia State.
Hypothesis Three
The t-test statistics presented in Table 2showed
that the p-values of the 9 items in the table H03: What are the strategies for enhancing the
ranged from0.21to 0.98 were in each case greater provision of Information and
than 0.05 level of significance. This indicates that Communication Technology facilities for
there were no significant (p<0.05) differences use by Library and Information Science
between the mean ratings of the responses of LIS educators in public university libraries in
educators from ABSU and MOUAU on the 9 Abia State, Nigeria?
factors militating against the provision of ICT
facilities in public universities libraries in Abia

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Information and Communication Technology Facilities for Use By Library and Information Science Educators in University
Libraries in Abia State, Nigeria

Table 3: Mean Ratings and t-test Statistics of Library and Information Science Educators on the
Strategies for Enhancing the Provision of Information and Communication Technology
Facilities in University Libraries in Abia State.
XA XM XG SD t-cal p- Remarks
SN Items value RQ H0
1 Provision of stable power supply 3.58 3.43 3.50 0.63 1.17 0.24 A NS
2 Comprehensive national and 3.44 3.45 3.44 0.60 -0.02 0.98 A NS
international ICT policy.
3 Advocacy for government and 3.44 3.39 3.41 0.64 0.39 0.69 A NS
institutional funding of ICTs & training
4 Making teaching via ICTs compulsory 3.41 3.42 3.43 0.57 -0.06 0.94 A NS

5 Providing ICTs facilities to the 3.58 3.45 3.52 0.60 1.06 0.28 A NS
academic staff
6 Encouraging self-learning 3.58 3.52 3.55 0.58 0.52 0.59 A NS
7 Creating more training programmes 3.55 3.40 3.47 0.59 1.13 0.26 A NS
Note: X A = Mean of ABSU; X M = Mean of MOUAU; XG = Grand Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; A = Agree; S* =
Significant; NS =Not Significant; Level of Sig. 0.05

The data presented in table 3 above reveals that Discussion of Findings of the Study
the grand mean ratings of the responses of LIS
The findings of this study on research question
educators on the 7 items in the table ranged from
identified the rationale for providing Information
3.41 to 3.55 which are all greater than the
and Communication Technology facilities in public
criterion reference (cut-off) point value of 2.50.
university libraries to include: to obtain current
This indicates that the 7 identified items in the
research findings, enhance quick access to e-
table were regarded by the LIS educators as
resources in the library, avail facilities searching
strategies for enhancing the provision of
and retrieval of information, facilitate
Information and Communication Technology
interconnectivity of information resources among
facilities for use by Library and Information
libraries, for power point presentation during
Science educators in public university libraries in
lectures/workshops and that ICTs are provided for
Abia State, Nigeria.
recreational purposes in universities to enhance
The t-test statistics presented in Table 3 reveals learning among others. The findings of this study
that the p-values of the 7 items in the table supported that ofYusuf, Afolabiand Loto(2013)
ranged from 0.24 to 0.98 were in each case who appraised the role of information
greater than 0.05 level of significance. This communication technology (ICT) as a change
indicates that there were no significant (p<0.05) agent for higher education in Nigeria and found
differences between the mean ratings of the that undoubtedly, ICT has imparted on the quality
responses of LIS educators from ABSU and and quantity of teaching, learning and research in
MOUAU on the 7 strategies for enhancing the tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria.
provision of ICT facilities in public universities Similarly, the findings of this study affirmed the
libraries in Abia State. Therefore, the null report of Yusuf (2018) who studied the use of
hypothesis of no significant difference was Information and Communication Technology in
accepted on the 7 items of hypothesis 3. Northern Nigeria Colleges of education and found
that the need for ICT in Nigerian schools cannot
be overemphasized in this technology-driven age

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Olusola OLOWOKERE , Yahaya Aliyu ISMAILA &Abdullahi Maito RASAQ

that everyone requires ICT competence to (2008) identified measures for increased provision
survive. and utilization of ICT facilities to include:
increased awareness of the need for resource
The findings of this study identified the factors
sharing,, increased funding, provision of relevant
that militate against the provision of Information
ICT facilities, provision of union catalogue and a
and Communication Technology facilities in public
national policy on resource sharing for enhanced
university libraries to include: non-challant
resource sharing in libraries in Nigeria.
attitude of the policy makers, inadequate funding
of library services, poor electric power supply, Conclusion
high cost of importation of ICT equipment, lack of
The study assessed the provision of Information
maintenance culture on part of the ICT manager,
and Communication Technology facilities for use
poor technological know-how in installation of ICT
by Library and Information Science educators in
facilities and inadequate ICT facilities in university
public university libraries in Abia State, Nigeria.
libraries among others. The result of this study
The study identified 9 rationale for providing
also conformed with the result of Lawal, Bassey
Information and Communication Technology
and Ani (2008) who found that the constraints
facilities, 9 factors that militate against the
and hindrances such as insufficiency of resources
provision of Information and Communication
to be shared, inadequate funds, communication
Technology facilities in public university libraries
bottlenecks, absence of relevant ICT facilities,
and 7 strategies for enhancing the provision of
epileptic power supply, lack of union catalogue
Information and Communication Technology
and absence of a national policy on resource
facilities for use by Library and Information
sharing were identified as obstacles in the use of
Science educators in public university libraries.
ICT facilities for efficient and effective information
sharing. Ukachi (2010) found that there are some Recommendations
impediments in the use of provision and ICTs such Based on the findings and the conclusions of this
as management’s insensitivity to the relevance of study, it is therefore reccomended that:
the software, fear of service support problem,
and non-availability of internet access in the 1. That the government and the managements
libraries to enhance downloading of software. of the universities concerned should ensure
effective connectivity of public universities
This study on research question three identified libraries to network for efficient use of
strategies for enhancing the provision of adequate provision for ICT facilities in public
Information and Communication Technology universities libraries for sustainable
facilities for use by Library and Information information sharing and research purposes.
Science educators in public university libraries to
include: provision of stable power supply, 2. There should be capacity building training for
comprehensive national and international ICT both staff in effective utilization of ICT
policy, advocacy for government and institutional facilities for quality research and skill in
funding of ICTs and training, making teaching via Nigerian universities.
ICTs compulsory, providing ICTs facilities to the 3. The identified problems hindering effective
academic staff, encouraging self-learning and provision of ICT facilities in public universities
creating more training programmes. Damkor, libraries should be properly addressed by the
Irinyangand Haruna(2015) reported that government and school authorities.
government should ensure that ICT policy
statements and advocacy for improved provision 4. The government and the managements of the
of ICT facilities in Nigerian schools and libraries. universities should ensure constant supply of
An ICT policy implementation commission should power for maximum connection and reliable
be created. In addition, the Lawal, Bassey and Ani network speed for achievement of the
desired result in the research and ICT usage.
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Information and Communication Technology Facilities for Use By Library and Information Science Educators in University
Libraries in Abia State, Nigeria
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