CPA INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THURSDAY: 22 August 2024. Afternoon Paper. Time Allowed: 3 hours.

Answer ALL questions. Marks allocated to each question are shown at the end of the question. Show ALL your
workings. Do NOT write anything on this paper.

QUESTION ONE
(a) Distinguish between the following sources of finance:

(i) “Venture capital” and “private equity”. (4 marks)

(ii) “Business angel finance” and “lease finance”. (4 marks)

(b) The principles that govern all ethical behaviour for finance managers in practice and in business helps them to
navigate the complexity of their work.

Required:

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In reference to the above statement, explain THREE fundamental principles of ethical behaviour. (6 marks)

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(c) Zamole Ltd. is considering a project which requires an initial investment of Sh.156,000,000 in machinery. The

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machinery will last for four years after which it will have a scrap value of Sh.26,000,000. The additional investment

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in working capital will be Sh.19,500,000. The expected annual profits before depreciation are as follows:

Year Sh.“000”
1 58,500
2 58,500
3 52,000
4 32,500

The company requires a minimum accounting rate of return of 15% from the projects of this type.

Required:
Determine the Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) and advise whether the project should be undertaken. (6 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION TWO
(a) Describe THREE types of money market instruments and their related transactions available in the financial
system. (6 marks)

(b) (i) Samuel Mwongeka intends to invest Sh.200,000 at the beginning of each year in treasury bonds which
earns a return of 9% per annum.

Required:
Determine the accumulated value of investment after ten years. (2 marks)

(ii) Determine the present value of Sh.1.2 million annuity payable for 20 years at an interest rate of 8% per
annum. (2 marks)

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(c) Sytrax Ltd. is a listed company with 100 million shares in issue.

The following additional information is available:

1. The company has a current ex-dividend ordinary share price of Sh.25.00 per share.
2. The company also has in issue bond with a book value of Sh.60 million with a current ex-interest market
price of Sh.104 per Sh.100 bond.
3. The current after tax cost of debt of Sytrax Ltd. is 7% and the corporate tax rate is 30%.
4. The dividends per share of the company are as follows:
Year 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Dividend per share (Sh.) 1.94 2.00 2.06 2.12 2.18
5. The finance director proposes to decrease the weighted average cost of capital of Sytrax Ltd. and hence
increase its market value by issuing Sh.40 million bonds at their par value of Sh.100 per bond. These bonds
would pay annual interest rate of 8% before tax and would be redeemed at a 5% premium to par after
10 years.

Required:
Calculate the market value after tax weighted average cost of capital of Sytrax Ltd. in the following circumstances:

(i) Before the new issue of bonds take place. (5 marks)

(ii) After the new issue of bonds takes place. (5 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION THREE
(a) Remi Limited anticipates to spend Sh.150 million cash outlay to install a new production line in their factory. The
cash outlays are expected to occur equally throughout the year. The company’s treasurer reports that the firm can
invest in marketable securities yielding 8% per annum. The cost of shifting funds from marketable securities
portfolio to cash is Sh.7,500 per transaction.
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Assume the company will meet its cash demands by selling marketable securities.
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Required:
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Using the Baumol cash management model:

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(i) Determine the optimal size of the company’s transfer of funds from marketable securities to cash. (2 marks)
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(ii) Compute the company’s average cash balance. (1 mark)

(iii) Determine the number of transfer from marketable securities to cash during the year. (1 mark)

(iv) Compute the total cost associated with the company’s cash requirements. (2 marks)

(b) The following information relates to the market price per share of Wendoh Limited over a period of five years:

Year Market price per share (Sh.)

2023 28
2022 22
2021 18
2020 25
2019 28

Required:
(i) The expected return of the shares of the company. (4 marks)

(ii) Comment on the performance of the company based on the movement of its share price over the last five
years. (2 marks)

(c) Quantum Product Limited wishes to increase the number of its retail outlets in the country. The board of directors of
the company has decided to finance the acquisition by raising funds from the existing shareholders through a one for
four rights issue.

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 The recently published comprehensive income statement of the company for the year ended 31 December 2023
provided the following information:
Sh.“million”
Turnover 246.75
Profit before interest and tax 18.90
Interest (9.30)
Profit before taxation 9.60
Corporate tax (2.85)
Profit after taxation 6.75
Ordinary dividends (3.00)
Retained profit for the year 3.75

Additional information:
1. The share capital of the company consists of 12 million ordinary shares with a par value of Sh.5 per share.
2. The shares of the company are currently being traded on the Securities Exchange with a price earnings
(P/E) ratio of 22 times.
3. The board of directors of the company has decided to issue the shares at a discount rate of 10% on the
current market value.
Required:
(i) The theoretical ex-rights price of an ordinary share of the company. (6 marks)
(ii) The price at which the rights in the company are likely to be traded. (2 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FOUR
(a) Highlight FOUR disadvantages of securitisation as used in Islamic Finance. (4 marks)

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(b) In relation to personal financial management:

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(i) Explain the term “estate freezing”. (2 marks)

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(ii) Describe TWO advantages of estate freezing. (2 marks)

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(c) Faidika Enterprises is in the process of preparing a cash budget for the four months starting 1 September 2024. The
business produces and sells a single product branded “K” whose details are as follows:
• Direct materials is Sh.5 per unit.
• Direct labour cost is Sh.10 per unit.
• Variable overheads is Sh.6 per unit.
• The selling price per unit is Sh.40.
Additional information:
1. Projected sales and production units information is provided as follows:
2024
Details July August September October November December
Sales (units) 130,000 150,000 170,000 190,000 180,000 180,000
Production (units) 140,000 150,000 180,000 200,000 220,000 220,000
2. Variable overheads are paid in the month that they are incurred.
3. Fixed overheads are budgeted at Sh.700,000 per month which includes depreciation of Sh.100,000.
4. Wages are paid 75% during the month in which they are earned and 25% in the following month.
5. Material costs are paid 2 months in arrears.
6. A tax liability of Sh.1,400,000 to be settled in the month of October 2024.
7. A new van will be purchased in the month of September 2024 for Sh.2,000,000.
The current motor vehicle shall be sold in the month of November 2024 and it is expected to fetch
Sh.300,000 from a prospective buyer.
8. The cash balance at the end of the month of August 2024 is expected to be Sh.1,000,000.
9. The business makes a monthly cash sale of 5% of total sales in a specific month while the remainder is on
credit which is settled one month after the month of sale.
Required:
Prepare a cash budget for the months commencing 1 September 2024 to 31 December 2024. (12 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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QUESTION FIVE
(a) Examine THREE types of dividend policies that might be adopted by a company. (6 marks)

(b) Analyse FOUR differences between “efficient market hypothesis and “behavioural finance”. (4 marks)

(c) Bamboo Limited is contemplating reviewing its credit policy by introducing a cash discount of 2% for payment
made within 10 days of purchase.

Additional information:
1. The firm’s current average collection period is 30 days.
2. The company makes an annual credit sales of 120,000 units at a unit price of Sh.10.
3. Variable cost per unit is Sh.6 and average cost per unit is Sh.8.
4. If the cash discount is initiated, 70% of sales will be on discount and sales will increase by 10%.
5. The average collection period will drop to 15 days.
6. Bad debt expenses currently at 2% of sales will fall to 1%.
7. Total working capital needed will not be affected by the cash discount.
8. The firm’s required return on investment is 12%.

Assume no additional capital investment will be necessary.

Required:
(i) Compute the net benefit or net loss arising from review of the credit policy. (8 marks)

(ii) Advise Bamboo Limited on whether or not to introduce a cash discount to its customers. (2 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
…….………………………………………………………………

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 CPA INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THURSDAY: 25 April 2024. Afternoon Paper. Time Allowed: 3 hours.

Answer ALL questions. Marks allocated to each question are shown at the end of the question. Show ALL your
workings. Do NOT write anything on this paper.

QUESTION ONE
(a) In relation to agency theory:

(i) Highlight THREE types of conflicts between shareholders and government. (3 marks)

(ii) Propose THREE solutions to the conflicts identified in (a) (i) above. (3 marks)

(b) Highlight SIX functions of financial intermediaries in an economy. (6 marks)

(c) The following information relates to two potential investments namely; investment M and investment K:

Investment M Investment K

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Probability Return Probability Return

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0.30 20% 0.20 20%

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0.40 8% 0.60 8%

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0.30 -4% 0.20 -4%

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Required:
(i) Compute the expected return for each investment. (2 marks)

(ii) Determine the standard deviation of investment M and investment K. (4 marks)

(iii) Compute the portfolio return assuming that 30% of the total wealth is invested in investment M and 70% in
investment K. (2 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION TWO
(a) Differentiate between a “unit trust” and a “mutual fund”. (4 marks)

(b) Sophia Wambia intends to invest Sh.2,000,000 in a 12% debenture for 3 years. The current market value of the
debenture is Sh.80 per debenture. The required rate of return on the debenture is 10% and the par value is Sh.100.

Required:
Advise the investor on whether or not to invest in the debenture. (4 marks)

(c) Madarax Ltd. is an e-business company that trades solely over the internet. In the year 2023, the company made
sales worth Sh.15,000,000.

All sales were on 30 day’s credit to commercial customers.

Extracts from the company’s most recent statement of financial position relating to working capital are as follows:

Sh.“000”
Trade receivables 2,466
Trade payables 2,220
Bank overdraft 3,000
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 Additional information:
1. In order to encourage customers to pay on time, Madarax Ltd. proposes introducing an early settlement
discount of 1% for payment within 30 days while increasing its normal credit period to 45 days.
2. It is expected that on average, 50% of customers will take the discount and pay within 30 days, 30% of
customers will pay within 45 days and 20% of customers will not change their current paying behaviour
and will pay within 60 days.
3. Madarax Ltd. currently orders 15,000 units per month of product P, demand for which is constant. There is
only one supplier of product P. The cost of product P purchases over the last year was Sh.540,000.
4. The supplier has offered a 2% discount for orders of product P of 30,000 units or more. Each order costs
Madrax Ltd. Sh.150 to place and the holding cost is Sh.0.24 per unit per year.
5. Madrax Ltd. has an overdraft bank facility charging interest at the rate of 6% per year.

Assume a 365 days-year.

Required:
(i) Calculate the net benefit or cost of the proposed changes in trade receivables policy and comment on your
findings. (6 marks)

(ii) Using suitable computation, determine whether the bulk purchase discount offered by the supplier is
financially acceptable. Comment on the assumptions made in your computation. (6 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION THREE
(a) In relation to emerging trends in finance, explain the term “cryptocurrency”. (2 marks)

(b) The directors of Bandala Ltd. are reviewing the options relating to a machine that is a key part of the company’s
production process.

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Option 1: Replace the machine:
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The cost of the new machine would be Sh.1,000 million payable immediately.
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Maintenance cost would be payable at the end of each year of the project.
The first maintenance payment for the new machine is Sh.51 million although this is expected to rise by 8% per
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year.
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Option 2: Overhaul the existing machine:

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The alternative to replacement is a complete overhaul of an existing machine, the cost of which would be Sh.650
million also payable immediately. This would be classified as capital expenditure.

However, under this option, the annual maintenance cost will be higher at Sh.81 million in year 1, with expected
annual increase of 11%.

As the new machine is likely to reduce the variable costs, the contribution will be different depending on which
machine is used.

The contribution from each machine (excluding maintenance costs) is tabulated as follows, with the inflows of funds
assumed to be at the end of each year:
Year 1 2 3 4 5
Contribution of new machine (Sh.“000”) 310,000 330,000 380,000 420,000 440,000
Contribution of overhauled machine (Sh.“000”) 260,000 300,000 310,000 320,000 320,000
The cost of capital is 12%. Ignore taxation.

Required:
(i) Calculate the net present value (NPV) of each option. (8 marks)

(ii) Estimate the internal rate of return (IRR) of each option. (6 marks)

(iii) Interpret the result that you have obtained in (b) (i) and (b) (ii) above and recommend which alternative
should be chosen. (4 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

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QUESTION FOUR
(a) Ploughing back profits of a company is an internal source of funds for an organisation.

Required:
(i) Identify FOUR merits of ploughing back profits by a company. (4 marks)

(ii) Outline FOUR demerits of ploughing back profits by a company. (4 marks)

(b) The following information has been extracted from the books of Bidii Ltd. for the year ended 31 December 2023:

Earnings after taxes Sh.3.75 million

Total dividends Sh.2.25 million
Number of shares outstanding 500,000 shares
Cost of capital 10%
Rate of return on investments 12.5%

Required:
The theoretical market value of the company’s shares using the Walter’s model. (6 marks)

(c) A company negotiates a Sh.30 million loan for eight years from a financial institution. The interest rate is 14% per
annum on the outstanding balance of the loan. The principal and interest will be repaid in eight equal year-end
instalments.

Required:
(i) Prepare a loan repayment schedule. (5 marks)

(ii) Determine the amount of interest payable at the end of the 8th year. (1 mark)
(Total: 20 marks)

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QUESTION FIVE

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(a) Examine TWO ethical issues that need to be adhered to in the marketing of Islamic products and services. (4 marks)

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(b) The managing directors of three profitable listed companies summarised their companies dividend policies as
follows:

• Company A has deliberately paid no dividends for the last five years.
• Company B always pays a low dividend per share (after adjusting for the general price index) and offer
regular bonus issues.
• Company C always pays a dividend of 5% of earnings after taxation.

Each managing director is convinced that his company dividend policy is maximising shareholders wealth.

Required:
Identify the dividend theory applied by each of the three companies. (3 marks)

(c) You are presented with the following information in relation to Furaha Ltd. for the year ending 31 December 2024:

Sh.
Net sales 3,000,000
Current liabilities 1,500,000
Debt-assets ratio 0.6
Debtors turnover based on net sales 2
Net profit margin 5%
Gross profit margin 25%
Inventory turnover ratio 1.25
Return on total assets 2%
Fixed asset turnover 0.8
Corporation tax rates 50%

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 Required:
Compute the following:

(i) Cost of sales. (1 mark)

(ii) Receivables. (1 mark)

(iii) Net profit. (1 mark)

(iv) Closing inventory. (1 mark)

(v) Total assets. (1 mark)

(vi) Non-current assets. (1 mark)

(vii) Long-term debt. (1 mark)

(d) Prepare a forecasted statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position for the year ending 31 December
2024 based on your results in (c) (i) to (c) (vii) above. (6 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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 CPA INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THURSDAY: 7 December 2023. Afternoon Paper. Time Allowed: 3 hours.

Answer ALL questions. Marks allocated to each question are shown at the end of the question. Show ALL your
workings. Do NOT write anything on this paper.

QUESTION ONE
(a) Explain FOUR corporate objectives that may conflict with the financial objective of a firm. (8 marks)

(b) Mapema Ltd. is considering investing in one of the following two mutually exclusive projects. The relevant cash
flows of each of the projects are as shown in the table below:
Annual cash flows
Project X Project Y
Sh.“000” Sh.“000”
Initial investment (57,750) (55,500)
Cash flows

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Year: 1 37,500 45,000

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2 (16,500) 12,000

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3 30,000 (6,000)

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4 22,500 33,000

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5 9,000 (15,000)
6 7,500 22,500

Additional information:
1. The firm’s cost of capital is 15%.
2. Cash flows accrue at the end of the year.

Required:
Compute the following for each project:
(i) Discounted payback period. (5 marks)

(ii) Modified internal rate of return (MIRR). (5 marks)

(iii) Profitability index (PI). (2 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION TWO
(a) Explain the following terms as used in personal financial management:
(i) Retirement planning. (2 marks)

(ii) Estate tax planning. (2 marks)

(b) Job Nyangaya plans to invest in two securities; security A and security B.

The returns on each security is dependent on the state of the economy as shown below:

State of economy Probability Return on security A Return on security B

Boom 0.40 27% 36%
Average 0.50 21% 33%
Recession 0.10 18% 31.5%
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 Required:
(i) The standard deviation for security A and security B. (4 marks)

(ii) The covariance between security A and security B. (2 marks)

(iii) The correlation of coefficient between security A and security B. (2 marks)

(c) Tabaka Fabricators Enterprise purchases one of its raw materials branded “Zed” externally. The annual demand for
material “Zed” is 400,000 units. The company is planning to change its purchasing system to a just in time (JIT)
system to improve efficiency.

The following information is provided:

Current System Proposed system (JIT)

Purchase cost per unit (Sh.) 25 25
Ordering cost per order (Sh.) 10,000 2,500
Inventory holding cost 20% 20%

Additional information:
1. To implement the new system, a one time cost of Sh.140,000 will be incurred.
2. The new system is expected to have a lifespan of 8 years.
3. The required rate of return for the firm is 18%.
4. The corporate tax rate is 30%.

Required:
Advise the management of Tabaka Fabricators Enterprise on whether to implement the proposed system. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

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QUESTION THREE
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(a) Outline FIVE eligibility requirements for public offering of shares and listing at the securities exchange in your
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country. (5 marks)
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(b) EFG Ltd. issued 300,000, 15% preference shares of Sh.100 each, redeemable at 10% premium after 20 years.
Floatation costs amounted to Sh.3,000,000.
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Required:
Determine the cost of preference share capital where the shares are issued at:
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(i) Par. (2 marks)

(ii) A premium of 10%. (2 marks)

(iii) A discount of 10%. (2 marks)

(c) An investor plans to borrow a loan of Sh.3 million to purchase a piece of land for his family. The interest rate
agreed upon is discounted at a rate of 10% per annum. The loan is repayable in 4 years of equal instalments.

Required:
(i) Amount payable per instalment. (1 mark)

(ii) A loan amortisation schedule. (4 marks)

(d) Jane Kiyo has the following investment options to choose from:

• Post Office MIS Scheme, monthly interest 8% per annum.

• ICD Bank Deposit, quarterly interest 8.25% per annum.
• HDFC Ltd., half-yearly interest 8.50% per annum.

Required:
Using effective interest rate (EIR) method, advise Jane Kiyo on the preferred investment option. (4 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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QUESTION FOUR
(a) In relation to measuring business performance in a company:

(i) Examine FOUR applications of financial ratio analysis by the management of the company. (4 marks)

(ii) Describe FOUR weaknesses associated with financial ratio analysis. (4 marks)

(b) The following is an extract of statement of financial position for Oak Timber Ltd. for the year ended 30 September
2023:

Oak Timber Ltd.

Extract of statement of financial position
for the year ended 30 September 2023

Sh.“million” Sh.“million”
Equity and liabilities:
Equity:
Share capital 17
Retained earnings 15 32
Total equity 32
Non-current liabilities:
Long term borrowings 13
Current liabilities 21 34
Total liabilities 34
Total equity and liabilities 66

Additional information:
1. The share capital of Oak Timber Ltd. consists of Sh.12 million of ordinary shares and Sh.5 million, 5%

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2. The ordinary shares of Oak Timber Ltd. have a nominal value of Sh.0.50 per share, an ex-dividend market

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price of Sh.7.07 per share and a cum dividend market price of Sh.7.52 per share. The dividend for the year

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2023 will be paid in the near future.

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Dividends paid in recent years have been as follows:
Year 2022 2021 2020 2019
Dividend per share (Sh.) 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.37
3. The 5% irredeemable preference shares of Oak Timber Ltd. have a nominal value of Sh.0.50 per share and
an ex-dividend market price of Sh.0.31 per share.
4. The long-term borrowings of the firm consist of Sh.10 million of 7% loan notes and Sh.3 million bank loan.
The bank loan has a variable interest rate.
5. The 7% loan notes have a nominal value of Sh.100 per loan note and a market price of Sh.102.34 per loan
note. Annual interest has just been paid and the loan notes are redeemable in four years’ time at a rate of
5% premium to nominal value.
6. The corporation tax rate is 30%.

Required:
Compute the following:

(i) Cost of equity. (3 marks)

(ii) Cost of preference shares. (2 marks)

(iii) The cost of 7% loan notes. (3 marks)

(iv) After tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the firm using market value. (4 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

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QUESTION FIVE
(a) Describe THREE contracts applied in Islamic Finance. (6 marks)

(b) Summarise FOUR distinct features of commercial paper as a short term source of finance. (4 marks)

(c) Merip Ltd. expects to make payments of Sh.9,000,000 in the coming year. The firm’s investment in marketable
securities generates an annual return of 20%. The minimum cash balance maintained by the firm at all times is
Sh.300,000. The firm incurs a cost of Sh.30 per transaction when converting marketable securities into cash.

Assume a year has 360 days.

Required:
Using Baumol’s model of cash management, determine:

(i) The optimal cash balance. (2 marks)

(ii) Total relevant cost incurred in each year. (2 marks)

(iii) The average cash balance. (2 marks)

(d) The following financial information relates to Steps Ltd. for the year ended 30 September 2023:

1. Adjusted net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) is Sh.180 million.

2. Total capital is Sh.900 million (no debt).
3. Closing market share price is Sh.29.
4. Total number of shares outstanding is 86 million.
5. The cost of equity is 13%.

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Required:
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Compute the following relative performance measures for Steps Ltd.:
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(i) Economic value added (EVA). (2 marks)

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(ii) Market value added (MVA). (2 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)
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 CPA INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THURSDAY: 24 August 2023. Afternoon Paper. Time Allowed: 3 hours.

Answer ALL questions. Marks allocated to each question are shown at the end of the question. Show ALL your
workings. Do NOT write anything on this paper.

QUESTION ONE
(a) Outline FOUR limitations of profit maximisation as a financial goal of a firm. (4 marks)

(b) Evaluate FOUR features of preference shares as a source of capital to a firm. (4 marks)

(c) Maca Ltd. is considering raising funds for an expansion programme through a rights issue. The expansion
programme is expected to cost Sh.20 million. The company has currently issued 2,400,000 ordinary shares which
are currently selling for Sh.30 each. The board of directors have proposed an offer price of Sh.25 per share.

The funds to be raised will be invested in a project which is expected to generate net operating cash flow of
Sh.6,000,000 each year over the project’s useful life of five years. The salvage value of the project after five years

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is estimated at Sh.5,000,000. The cost of capital for the firm is 12% per annum.

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Required:

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(i) Cum-right market price per share (MPS). (2 marks)

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(ii) Number of rights required to buy one new ordinary share. (1 mark)

(iii) Theoretical ex-right market price per share. (2 marks)

(iv) Theoretical value of each right. (2 marks)

(v) Evaluate the impact of the rights issue on the value of wealth of an existing shareholder who owns 1,200
ordinary shares in the company and Sh.15,000 in his savings account under the various options available
to him. (5 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION TWO
(a) (i) Distinguish between “temporary working capital” and “permanent working capital” in relation to
working capital management. (2 marks)

(ii) The monthly working capital requirement for Mbuni Ltd. are given as follows:

Month Total working capital requirement

Sh.“000”
January 3,000
February 2,500
March 2,000
April 1,500
May 1,500
June 1,700
July 1,800
August 2,800
September 3,200
October 3,500
November 3,600
December 3,800
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 The short term cost of financing working capital is 15% per annum whereas the long-term financing cost is 20%
per annum.

The firm adopts an aggressive policy in financing its working capital needs. 80% of the firm’s permanent working
capital are financed using short term funds and the balance is financed using long term funds.

Required:
Determine the total cost of financing the working capital needs of the firm. (6 marks)

(b) Fila Ltd. is considering to purchase a new machine so as to improve its production process which is currently
being undertaken manually. The machine costs Sh.13,950,000. The firm will incur installation cost of Sh.450,000.
The machine will have an economic life of 6 years but will require an overhaul at the end of the fourth year. The
overhaul will cost Sh.1,125,000. After six years, the machine could be disposed of for Sh.900,000.

The company estimates that that it will cost Sh.2,100,000 per year to operate the new machine. The current
manual production method costs Sh.5,250,000 per annum. In addition to reducing annual operating costs, the new
machine will allow the company to increase production capacity by 120,000 units per annum. The company
realises a contribution margin of Sh.45 per unit.

Additional information:
1. The company applies straight-line method of depreciation.
2. Corporate tax rate is 30%.
3. Fila Ltd. requires 20% return an all investment.

Required:
Using the Net Present Value (NPV) project evaluation method, advise Fila Ltd. on whether or not to purchase the
machine. (12 marks)

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QUESTION THREE
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(a) By aid of a diagram, differentiate between “systematic risk” and “unsystematic risk” in relation to portfolio
analysis. (4 marks)
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(b) Utamu Enterprises operates a fruit juice processing business. The financial manager has realised a consistent
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relationship among the following items as a percentage of sales:

1. Current assets 65%

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2. Accounts payable 10%

3. Non-current assets 25%
4. Other current liabilities 12%

The statement of financial position for the year ended 31 December 2022 was as follows:

Utamu Enterprises
Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2022
Sh. Sh.
Non-current assets 2,500,000
Current assets 6,500,000
Total assets 9,000,000

Current liabilities:
Accounts payable 1,000,000
Notes payable 1,200,000
Other current liabilities 1,200,000 3,400,000
Equity and non-current obligations:
Ordinary share capital 2,000,000
Retained earnings 2,600,000
Long term loan 1,000,000 5,600,000
Total equity and non-current obligations 9,000,000

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 Additional information:
1. The profit after tax margin is 5% and the company sales for the year ended 31 December 2022 were
Sh.10 million.
2. Sales are expected to grow by 10% every year for the next 5 years.
3. The notes payable were paid off.

Required:
Using the percentage of sales method of financial forecasting:

(i) Determine the external financial requirement for the business for the year ending 31 December 2027.
(8 marks)
(ii) Prepare a program statement of financial position for the year ending 31 December 2027. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION FOUR
(a) Financial planning is one of the most crucial steps for any person, regardless of whether they earn any income or
not. While many people understand the importance of financial planning, it is still one of the steps that are
postponed or skipped:

With regards to the above statement, summarise FOUR benefits of financial planning to an individual. (4 marks)

(b) Describe FOUR forms of dividend payments that a company could use while making dividend decisions.
(4 marks)

(c) Zora Ltd., a securities market listed company has the following recent financial information:
Sh.“000”
Profit after tax (earnings) 99,900
Dividends 60,000

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Statement of financial position information:

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Sh.“000” Sh.“000”

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Non-current assets 892,500
Current assets 187,500
Total assets 1,080,000
Current liabilities 105,000
Equity:
Ordinary shares (Sh.1 par value) 120,000
Reserves 615,000 735,000
Non-current liabilities:
6% bank loan 60,000
8% bonds (Sh.100 par value) 180,000 240,000
Total equity and liabiltieis 1,080,000

Additional information:
1. Financial analysts have forecast that the dividend of the company will grow in the future at a rate of 4%
per year. This is slightly less than the forecast growth rate of the profit after tax (earnings) of the
company, which is 5% per year.
2. Considering the risk associated with expected earnings growth, earnings yield of 11% per annum can be
used for valuation purposes.
3. Zora Ltd. has a cost of equity of 10% per annum and a before tax cost of debt of 7% per annum.
4. The 8% bonds will be redeemed at par value in six years’ time and the company pays tax at an annual
rate of 30% per annum.
5. The ex-dividend market share price of Zora Ltd. is Sh.8.50 per share.

Required:
Calculate the value of Zora Ltd. using the following valuation methods:

(i) Net asset value method. (2 marks)

(ii) Dividend growth model. (2 marks)

(iii) Earnings yield method. (2 marks)

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 (d) Using the information in (c) above, calculate the weighted average after tax cost of capital (WACC) of Zora Ltd.
using market values. (6 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FIVE
(a) Outline FIVE factors driving financial innovation in the recent past. (5 marks)

(b) Joel Ouma needs Sh.9,000,000 in five years’ time to purchase a house. He is determined to deposit a given
amount of money each quarter in a sinking fund that earns interest at the rate of 12% compounded quarterly for
five years.

Required:
Compute the amount of money that Joel Ouma should deposit in each quarter in a sinking fund so as to enable him
realise Sh.9,000,000 in five years time. (5 marks)

(c) Penda Ltd. deals with laboratory accessories. A dropper sells for Sh.500 per piece and has a variable cost
equivalent to 50% of the selling price per piece of the dropper. The firm has a fixed operating cost of Sh.500,000
and fixed financing cost of Sh.750,000.

Further analysis of the firm reveals that if the firm sales increase by 10%, the firm’s earnings before interest and
taxes (EBIT) increase by 15% and if the firm’s EBIT increase by 10%, the firm’s earnings per share (EPS)
increases by 12%.

Required:
Calculate the following measures of leverage for the firm:

(i) Break-even quantity of sales in units. (2 marks)

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Operating break-even quantity of sales in units. (2 marks)
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(iii) Degree of operating leverage (DOL). (2 marks)

(iv) Degree of financial leverage (DFL). (2 marks)

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(v) Degree of total leverage (DTL). (2 marks)

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(Total: 20 marks)
……………………………………………………………………
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 CPA INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THURSDAY: 27 April 2023. Afternoon Paper. Time Allowed: 3 hours.

Answer ALL questions. Marks allocated to each question are shown at the end of the question. Show ALL your
workings. Do NOT write anything on this paper.

QUESTION ONE
(a) Management of a limited liability company is appointed to promote and protect shareholders’ interest in the
performance of their functions. The aim is to maximise shareholders’value. The management, however, could have
interest that might be in conflict with shareholders’ interest.

Required:
In reference to the above statement:

(i) Identify this type of conflict in modern day financial management of a firm. (1 mark)

(ii) Explain THREE factors that could contribute to the conflict identified in (a) (i) above. (3 marks)

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(iii) As a financial management professional, explain FOUR strategies that could be used to manage or mitigate

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this conflict to protect shareholders. (4 marks)

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(b) Cipo Ltd. is evaluating an investment project which requires the importation of a new machine at a cost of
Sh.3,700,000. The machine has a useful life of six years and a salvage value of sh.1,000,000.

Additional information:
1. The following additional costs would be incurred in relation to the machine:
Sh.
Modification cost 1,000,000
Import duty 900,000
Installation cost 375,000
Freight charges 225,000
2. The machine is expected to increase the company’s annual cash flow (before tax) as shown below:
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6
Sh.“000” Sh.“000” Sh.“000” Sh.“000” Sh.“000” Sh.“000”
Increase in cash flow 1,760 1,360 1,050 900 840 750
3. The machine is to be fully depreciated over its useful life using the straight-line method.
4. The corporate rate of tax is 30% while the cost of capital is 10%.
5. The maximum acceptable payback period for the company for all capital project is four years.

Required:
(i) Total initial cost. (2 marks)

(ii) Annual net cash flow. (3 marks)

(iii) Payback period of the machine. (3 marks)

(iv) Net present value (NPV) of the machine. (3 marks)

(v) Advise the company’s management on whether to import the machine based on your results in (b) (iii) and
(b) (iv) above. (1 mark)
(Total: 20 marks)

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QUESTION TWO
(a) Summarise FIVE factors that firms should consider when making financing decisions. (5 marks)

(b) The following information was extracted from the financial statements of Rembo Ltd. for the year ended
31 December 2022:

Capital structure Amount Sh.“000”

Ordinary shares: 750,000 shares of Sh.20 each 15,000
Retained earnings 48,900
8% preference shares (Sh.100 par value) 5,000
10% debentures 7,500
76,400

Additional information:
1. The preference shares were originally sold in 2014 at Sh.104 per share. The current price is Sh.94 although
a similar issue can be made at Sh.89 net.
2. Ordinary shares are currently selling at Sh.38.40 on the securities exchange.
3. The debentures were sold in 2015 and realised Sh.96 per unit. The current price is Sh.80 and it is
anticipated that a similar issue would also sell at Sh.80 per unit. Corporate tax rate is 30%.
4. Last year’s dividend amounted to Sh.3,000,000 which was 70% of the net earnings. The company expects
these dividends to grow at a rate of 6% per annum and the dividend payout ratio to remain the same.
5. New ordinary shares can be sold at Sh.40 but in order to guarantee success, they would have to be sold at
Sh.35 per share.

Required:
(i) Cost of preference shares. (2 marks)

(ii) Cost of ordinary shares. (2 marks)

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(iii) Cost of debentures. (2 marks)
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(iv) Market weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the firm. (3 marks)
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(c) Umi Limited is contemplating to issue 8% bonds redeemable at Sh.100 par value in three years time. Alternatively,
each bond may be converted on that date into 30 ordinary shares of the company. The current market price per share
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is Sh.3.30 and this is expected to grow at a rate of 5% per annum. The company’s cost of debt is 6% per annum.
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Required:
Compute the following:

(i) Market value of the bond assuming conversion occur after 3 years. (2 marks)

(ii) The floor value of the bond assuming redemptions occur at par. (2 marks)

(iii) The conversion premium per share. (2 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION THREE
(a) Highlight FIVE reasons for the increased popularity of Islamic Finance in the recent past. (5 marks)

(b) Bright Moon Ltd. currently owns 100,000 outstanding ordinary shares with a market price of Sh.10 per share. The
firm has Sh.1 million earnings after tax and intends to invest Sh.2 million during the year 2023. The firm is also
considering declaring a dividend of Sh.5 per share at the end of the year. The firm’s opportunity cost of capital is
10%.

Required:
(i) The price of the share at the end of the year 2023 assuming dividend is not declared. (2 marks)

(ii) The price of the share at the end of the year 2023 assuming dividend is declared. (2 marks)

(iii) The number of new shares to be issued in (b) (i) and (b) (ii) above. (6 marks)

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(c) The Maji Group portfolio comprises of Maji A shares with an expected return of 10% and a standard deviation of
20% and Maji B shares with an expected return of 16% and a standard deviation of 40%. The correlation between
Maji A shares and Maji B shares is 0.4. The portfolio is comprised of 30% Maji A and 70% Maji B.
Required:
(i) The expected return of the portfolio. (2 marks)
(ii) The standard deviation of the portfolio. (3 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION FOUR
(a) Distinguish between the following terms as used in financial institutions and markets:
(i) “Disintermediation” and “intermediation”. (2 marks)
(ii) “Call markets” and “continuous markets”. (2 marks)
(b) Outline FOUR roles of mutual funds as investment avenues. (4 marks)
(c) The following statement of profit or loss relates to Memuko Ltd. for the year ended 31 December 2022 and
31 December 2021:
Memuko Ltd
Statement of profit or loss for the years ended 31 December:
2022 2021
Sh.“000” Sh.“000”
Net sales 52,678.5 46,485
Cost of goods sold (19,039.5) (16,632)
Gross margin 33,639 29,853
Selling and administrative expenses (19,737) (17,037)
Other operating expenses (1,228.5) (469.5)

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Operating income 12,673.5 12,346.5

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Interest expense (1,099.5) (532.5)

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Other income (net expenses) 9,715.5 1,482

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Income before taxes 21,289.5 13,296
Income tax expense (3,576) (3,060)
Net income 17,713.5 10,236
Required:
(i) Present the common size analysis for Memuko Ltd. income statement. (8 marks)

(ii) Analyse the changes in cost of goods sold, selling and administrative expenses, operating income and
income before taxes for the year ended 31 December 2022 compared to 31 December 2021. (4 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FIVE
(a) Distinguish between “herd behaviour” and “anchoring bias” as used in behavioural finance. (4 marks)

(b) Outline SIX steps involved in personal financial management. (6 marks)

(c) The following financial statement data relates to Bamaco Ltd. for the year ended 31 December 2022:

Sh.“000”
Inventory - Opening balance 4,000
- Ending balance 4,600
Trade receivables 5,000
Trade payables 3,400
Credit sales 50,000
Cost of goods sold 40,000

Number of days in a year is 365 days.

Required:
Compute the net operating cycle of Bamaco Ltd. (6 marks)

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(d) John Osoro has deposited Sh.700,000 into a savings account at an annual interest rate of 5% compounded monthly
with additional deposits of Sh.10,000 per month (made at the end of each month).

Required:
Determine the value of the investment after 10 years. (4 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
……………………………………………………………………

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 CPA INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THURSDAY: 8 December 2022. Afternoon Paper. Time Allowed: 3 hours.

Answer ALL questions. Marks allocated to each question are shown at the end of the question. Show ALL your
workings. Do NOT write anything on this paper.

QUESTION ONE
(a) Ethical responsibilities arise not as a result of legal requirements but as a result of moral imperative for companies to
operate in an ethical and fair manner.

In light of the above statement, summarise SIX elements of business ethics in management of companies. (6 marks)

(b) Highlight FOUR factors that influence the choice of debt finance by a company. (4 marks)
(c) Your client, Alfred Otieno, wishes to invest Sh.500,000 for two years (with interest compounded) but with the right
to withdraw at a moment’s notice. The following investment options are available:
Option I: Invest with Nyumba Building Society currently offering an interest rate of 14% per annum after

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tax with interest paid half yearly.

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Option II: Invest with Kijiji Bank Ltd. at an interest rate of 17% per annum with interest paid annually.

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Option III: Invest with Faida Bank Ltd. which is offering 16% per annum, interest paid every three months.

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Required:
(i) Using suitable computations, advise your client on the best investment option he should consider. (6 marks)

(ii) Calculate the effective rate of interest for option I. (2 marks)

(iii) Identify TWO situations that could affect your recommendation in (c) (i) above. (2 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION TWO
(a) Dopco Ltd. has provided the following summary of statement of financial position for the year ended 30 September
2022:
Sh. “000” Sh. “000” Sh. “000”
Non-Current Assets:
Freehold land and buildings 320,000
Plant and machinery 160,000
Equipment 40,000
520,000
Goodwill 40,000
560,000
Current Assets:
Inventory 160,000
Trade receivables 120,000
Short term investments 30,000
Cash 10,000
320,000
Current Liabilities:
Trade payables 120,000
Taxation 40,000
Proposed ordinary shares dividends 40,000 (200,000) 120,000
680,000
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 Sh. “000” Sh. “000” Sh. “000”
Equities and liabilities
12.6% long-term bonds (120,000)
Deferred Taxation (20,000)
540,000
Ordinary shares of Sh.10 each 160,000
Reserves 280,000
440,000
6% preference shares 100,000
540,000

Required:
(i) Determine the value of each ordinary share using the Net Asset value basis of valuation. (5 marks)

(ii) Outline THREE reasons for valuing securities of a company. (3 marks)

(b) The following information relates to security X and security Y returns for the year 2021:

Returns %
Probability Rx Ry = 6 + 0.2 Rx

0.10 30 = 6 + 0.2 × 30 = 12
0.20 20 10
0.40 15 9
0.20 10 ?
0.10 -50 ?

Required:
(i)
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Determine the expected returns for security X and security Y. (2 marks)
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(ii) Determine the standard deviation for each security. (4 marks)
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(iii) Determine the covariance between security X and security Y. (4 marks)

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(iv) Determine the correlation coefficient between security X and security Y. (2 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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QUESTION THREE
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(a) Identify FIVE ways to achieve personal financial freedom. (5 marks)

(b) Baraka Traders Ltd. has a minimum cash balance limit of Sh.100,000. The standard deviation of the daily cash flows
is Sh.25,000. The interest rate of the marketable securities is 9.2% per annum.
The transactional cost for each sale or purchase of security is Sh.200.
Assume a 365-day year.

Required:
Using Miller-Orr cash management model, determine:
(i) Target cash level. (2 marks)

(ii) Upper cash limit. (2 marks)

(iii) Average cash balance. (2 marks)

(iv) The spread. (1 mark)

(c) Jawabu Ltd. is evaluating a project with an expected useful life of 6 years and the following characteristics:
1. Fixed capital investment of Sh.4,000,000.
2. The initial investment in net worth working capital is Sh.400,000.
At the end of each year, net working capital must be increased so that the cumulative investment in net
working capital is one-sixth of the next year projected sales.
3. The fixed capital is depreciated on cost at the following rates: 30% in year 1, 35% in year 2, 20% in year 3,
10% in year 4, 5% in year 5 and 0% in year 6.
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 4. Sales are Sh.2,400,000 in year 1, they grow at 25% annual rate for the next two years and then grow at 10%
annual rate for the last three years.
5. Fixed cash operating expenses are Sh.300,000 for year 1-3 and Sh.260,000 for year 4-6.
6. Variable cash operating expenses are 40% of sales in year 1, 39% of sales in year 2 and 38% of sales in
year 3 - 6.
7. The corporate tax rate is 30%. If taxable income on the project is negative in any year, the loss will offset
gains elsewhere in the corporation, resulting in a tax savings.
8. Fixed capital investment will be sold for Sh.300,000 when the project is complete and recapture its
cumulative investment in networking capital. Income taxes will be paid on any gains on disposal.
9. The project required rate of return is 12%.

Required:
Determine the suitability of the project using the Net Present Value (NPV) method. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FOUR
(a) Explain THREE factors that influence the dividend policy of a firm. (6 marks)

(b) Outline FIVE factors that influence the price of a listed company’s share. (5 marks)

(c) The following are the summary statement of profit and loss and statement of financial position for Miranda Ltd. for
the year ended 31 October 2022.
Summary Statement of profit and loss
Sh.“000”
Sales (150,000 units) 15,000
Variables costs (13,500)
Fixed costs (600)
Profit 900

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Statement of financial position

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Sh.“000” Sh.“000”

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Non-current assets 22,500

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Current assets:
Trade receivables 3,000
Inventory 1,200
Bank 360
Trade payables (900) 3,660
26,160
Financed by:
Equity capital 15,000
12% long- term debt 3,840
6% preference share capital 7,320
26,160

Additional information:
1. Return on investment (ROI) is 4.8%.
2. All sales are on credit and the company operates a very strict credit control system.
3. A suggestion has been made that a relaxation of credit policy would increase sales by 40%, if the company
were to introduce a 2% discount (at present no discount is given) on accounts paid within 10 days.
4. It is envisioned that 70% of the customers would take advantage of the discount and the average collection
period of the remainder would be half of what it is at present.
5. Bad debts would remain at 2% of firm’s credit sales.
6. Investors required rate of return is 10%.
Assume 360 days in a year.
Required:
(i) The current average collection period. (1 mark)

(ii) The new level of profits after change in credit policy. (6 marks)

(iii) Explain the effect of the new level of investment in account receivable. (2 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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QUESTION FIVE
(a) (i) Explain the term “crowdfunding”. (2 marks)

(ii) Explain TWO benefits of digital finance as part of financial inclusion. (2 marks)

(b) Discuss THREE activities that are prohibited under Islamic Finance. (6 marks)

(c) Kanga Ltd. expects earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) of Sh.7,500,000 in the current financial year. The
company pays interest of 8% per annum on a long term loan of Sh.25,000,000.

The company has 1,200,000 ordinary shares and the corporate tax rate is 30%. The finance manager is currently
examining two options:

Option I: A case where earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) is 20% more than expected.

Option II: A case where earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) is 20% less than expected.

Required:
(i) Determine the earnings per share (EPS) under option I and option II and where there is no change in the
expected earnings before interest and tax (EBIT). (6 marks)

(ii) Degree of financial gearing for option I and option II. (4 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
……………………………………………………………………

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 CPA INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

PILOT PAPER

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

December 2021. Time Allowed: 3 hours.

Answer ALL questions. Marks allocated to each question are shown at the end of the question. Show ALL your
workings.

QUESTION ONE
(a) Summarise five methods of issuing ordinary shares. (5 marks)

(b) Mountain Mall (MM) Ltd. is considering a project with the following cash flows:
End year Cash flows (Sh.)
0 -40,000
1 100,000
2 -20,000

Additional information:
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1. The firm’s cost of capital is 15%.
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2. Corporation tax rate is 30%.
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Required:
(i) Compute the two internal rates of return (IRR) associated with these cash flows. (4 marks)
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(ii) If the firm’s cost of capital falls between the two IRR values calculated in b(i) above, advice the firm on
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whether to accept or reject the project. (3 marks)

(c) KUDS Ltd.’s current earnings per share (EPS) is Sh.24. The firm adopts a 40% dividend payment ratio as its
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dividend policy. The firm has in issue 10,000,000 ordinary shares.

The existing capital structure of the firm is given as follows:

Sh. “000”
Ordinary share capital 1,600, 000
Retained profits 600,000
Share premium 200,000
12% debt 800, 000
3,200,000

Additional information:
1. The expected rate of return on market portfolio is 15%.
2. The risk free rate of return is 10%.
3. The firm's equity beta coefficient is 1.4.

Required:
(i) Using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), determine the minimum required return on the company's
equity shares. (2 marks)

(ii) Using the dividend growth model, compute the current value of each equity share. (6 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

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QUESTION TWO
(a) Describe four main principles of Islamic finance. (4 marks)

(b) Economics Industries Ltd. is an all equity financed company with a cost of capital of 18.75%. The company is
evaluating five annual capital investment projects with the following extended returns and risks as measured by
the Beta factor.

Project Initial outlay Annual cash flows Beta coefficient

(Sh.) (Sh.)
A 300,000 330,000 0.3
B 300,000 340,000 0.5
C 400,000 480,000 1.0
D 500,000 590,000 1.5
E 500,000 600,000 2.0

Additional information:
1. The risk free rate of return is 7.7%.
2. The market rate of return is 16%.

Required:
(i) The beta factor of Economic Industries Ltd. (1 mark)

(ii) Advise the management of Economics Industries Ltd on the project to undertake. (5 marks)

(iii) Compute the beta factor of the accepted project (s) based on results in b (ii) above. (2 marks)

(c) Examine three key differences between behavioral finance and traditional finance. (6 marks)

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(d) Explain the meaning of the term “mutual fund”. (2 marks)

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(Total: 20 marks)

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QUESTION THREE

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Office Point Ltd. is considering two alternative proposals for financing a major expansion scheme requiring an
investment of Sh.100 million. The first is to raise the required funds through a public issue of ordinary shares at the
current market price per share of Sh.2.00.

The other proposal is to raise the finance by way of a term loan at an interest rate of 4% over the base rate of 5% per
annum.

The terms and conditions under which the company's existing loan capital has been raised include the following special
covenants:
1. The company's debt ratio should not exceed 40%.
2. A times interest earned ration of not less than 10 times should be maintained.
Office Point Ltd’s earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) during the financial year ended 31 December 2020 was
Sh.150 million, and the company's latest financial statement reveals the following information:

Sh. “million”
Total Assets 425
Debt 8% loan stock 75
Common stock (200m ordinary 100
shares)
Retained earnings 250
Total liabilities & equity 425

Additional information:
1. Investment of the additional capital of Sh.100 million is expected to result in the earnings before interest and tax
(EBIT) for 2021 being 30% higher than the figure for 2020.
2. Interest at the rate of 8% would continue to be paid on the existing loan capital of Sh.75 million.
3. The company would maintain its existing policy of paying a dividend of Sh.0.25 per share.
4. Corporation tax rate is 30%.
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 Required:
(i) Assess the impact of the two alternative financing proposals on the company's earnings per share (EPS).
(5 marks)

(ii) Calculate the EBIT - EPS indifference point. (3 marks)

(iii) Calculate Office Point Ltd.’s debt ratio and times interest earned ratio for 2020, and assess the impact of each of
the two alternative financing proposals on these ratios in the company's financial statement for year 2021.
(6 marks)

(iv) Discuss six key factors that are considered by businesses when deciding between debt and equity finance.
(6 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FOUR
(a) Jade Smith will deposit Sh.500,000 in his savings account on 31 December 2021. He will deposit an additional
Sh.200,000 at the end of each subsequent year in that account, the sum deposited is expected to earn interest at
the rate of 8% per annum, compounded annually.

Required:
(i) Determine the cumulative amount that is expected to be in his account at the end of year 2025.
(6 marks)

(ii) The rate of return expected to be earned over the projected period. (2 marks)

(b) Briefly explain three factors that might influence working capital requirements of a firm. (6 marks)

(c) Merchant Sport Club uses 100 replacement lamps for its street lights. Each lamp costs the Club Sh.8. Ordering
costs are estimated at Sh.27 per order. Holding costs are at 25% of the cost of each lamp. The Club currently
orders according to the EOQ basis.
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The supplier has now offered the club a 2% discount if the Club will buy 600 lamps at a time.
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Required:
Using suitable calculations, advise the club on whether to accept the discount offer or not. (6 marks)
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(Total: 20 marks)
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QUESTION FIVE
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(a) Utawala Ltd. plans to buy shares of Mcop Ltd. that are currently selling at Sh.20 each at the National Securities
Exchange.

The forecasted price per share and probability of their occurrence on different states of nature are as follows:

State of nature Probability Forecasted Share Price (Sh.)

Excellent 0.30 25
Normal 0.20 22
Poor 0.35 21
Very poor 0.15 19

Required:
(i) Expected rate of return of the company's shares. (3 marks)

(ii) The standard deviation of returns. (4 marks)

(b) Explain four conflicts that could arise in the course of achieving a firm's objectives. (8 marks)

(c) Enumerate five functions of the Central Bank in your country. (5 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………..

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 CPA INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

TUESDAY: 2 August 2022. Afternoon paper. Time Allowed: 3 hours.

Answer ALL questions. Marks allocated to each question are shown at the end of the question. Show ALL your workings.
Do NOT write anything on this paper.

QUESTION ONE
(a) Highlight four costs of issuing shares in the securities exchange in your country. (4 marks)

(b) Dima Ltd. has developed a new product and is considering whether to put it into production. The following
information is available:
1. Development costs will be Sh.4.8 million.
2. Production will require purchase of new machinery at a cost of Sh.2.4 million payable immediately. The
machinery has a production life of four years and a production capacity of 30,000 units per annum.
3. Production costs per unit: Sh.
• Variable material cost 8.00
• Variable labour cost 12.00

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• Variable overheads 12.00

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Fixed production costs including straight line depreciation on plant and machinery will amount to

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Sh.200,000 per annum.
4. Selling price is Sh.80.00 per unit. Demand is projected at 25,000 units per annum.
5. The retail price index is expected to increase at a rate of 5% per annum over the period and selling price will
increase at the same rate. Annual inflation rates on production costs are as follows:
(%)
Variable material cost 4
Variable labour cost 10
Variable overheads 4
Fixed costs 5
6. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) in nominal terms is 15%.

Required:
Advise the firm whether to undertake the production using the net present value (NPV) approach. (8 marks)

(c) The following information relates to the capital structure of Tamu Caterers Limited for the year ended 31 December
2021:
Capital source Current market value
Sh.“000”
Corporate bond 11,927
Ordinary shares 26,170
Preference shares 7,203

Additional information:
1. The corporate bond has a Sh.1,000 face value, pays interest at a rate of 11% annually and will mature in 10
years time. The bond is currently trading at Sh.1,125 at the securities market and its yield-to-maturity is
9.05%.
2. The ordinary shares paid a dividend of Sh.1.80 last year and each share is selling at Sh.27.50 at the securities
market. The firm’s dividend on ordinary shares is expected to grow at a rate of 7% per annum to perpetuity.
3. The firm’s preference shares pays a 9% dividend on a Sh.100 par value.
4. The corporation tax rate is 30%.

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Out of 4
 Required:
(i) The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the firm. (6 marks)

(ii) Explain two factors that will determine the cost of capital for Tamu Caterers Limited. (2 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION TWO
(a) Joshua Makau is approaching retirement next year and is expecting a lumpsum pension payment amounting to Sh.20
million.

Required:
Recommend four investment products available in the financial market that he should consider to enable him achieve
financial freedom. (4 marks)

(b) Distinguish between the following terms as used in finance:

(i) “Agency cost” and “agency problem”. (2 marks)

(ii) “Intrinsic value” and “market value”. (2 marks)

(iii) “Liberal credit policy” and “conservative credit policy”. (2 marks)

(c) Horizon Construction Limited wishes to increase the number of its branches in the country.
The board of directors of the company has decided to finance the expansion programme by raising funds from the
existing shareholders through a one for four rights issue.

The published income statement of the company for the year ended 31 December 2021 had the following
information:

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Sh.“000”
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Turnover 250,000

Profit before interest and tax 9,000

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Interest (500)
Profit before tax 8,500
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Corporation tax (2,550)

Profit after tax 5,950
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Ordinary dividend (2,950)

Retained profit for the year 3,000

The share capital of the company comprises of 10 million ordinary shares which have a par-value of Sh.10 per share.

The shares of the company are currently being traded on the securities exchange with a price-earnings (P/E) ratio of
20 times.

The firm’s board of directors have decided to issue the new shares at a 25% discount on the current market price.

Required:
(i) The theoretical ex-right price of an ordinary share of the company. (2 marks)

(ii) The theoretical value of each right. (1 mark)

Assuming an investor held 5,000 ordinary shares of the company before the rights issue announcement and Sh.15,000
in his savings account. Calculate the following options and identify the best option to the investor if he:

(iii) Exercises all his rights. (3 marks)

(iv) Sells all his rights. (2 marks)

(v) Ignores the rights issue. (2 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

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QUESTION THREE
(a) Examine four shortcomings of the percentage of sales method of forecasting. (4 marks)

(b) Discuss three causes of conflict between shareholders and managers in relation to agency theory. (6 marks)

(c) Explain four sources of finance as used in Islamic Financing. (4 marks)

(d) Explain the following dividend theories:

(i) Bird-in-hand theory. (2 marks)

(ii) Clientele effect theory. (2 marks)

(iii) Information signaling theory. (2 marks)

(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FOUR
(a) Cryptocurrency is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptograph to secure
financial transactions, control the creation of additional units and verity the transfer of assets.

Required:
In light of the above statement, examine four limitations of cryptocurrency. (8 marks)

(b) The following information relates to inventory relationship of QZ Ltd.:

1. Annual purchases of Sh.2,160,000.

2. Purchase price per unit is Sh.60.
3. Carrying cost is 15% of the purchase price per unit.

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4. Cost per order placed is Sh.240.

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5. Desired stock levels is 300 units. This stock level was in hand initially.

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6. Lead time is 7 days.

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Assume a 365-day year.

Required:
(i) The economic order quantity (EOQ) for the company. (3 marks)

(ii) The optimal number of orders to be placed in a year. (1 mark)

(iii) The re-order level. (2 marks)

(iv) Assuming that for any orders of at least 2,000 units, the firm will get 5% discount on the purchase price.

Analyse whether the company should take advantage of the discount or not. (4 marks)

(c) Digital Ltd. has some computer industrial plant which it intends to replace four years from today. The company’s
director estimates that the cost of the plant to the company at that time will be Sh.30 million. To finance the
operations, the Finance Director has decided to set up a fund with Golden Bank Ltd. Golden Bank Ltd. has assured
the Finance Director that if he opts for this option, the rate of interest will be fixed at 8% per annum. The Finance
Director intends to set aside a constant amount from his annual budgets to finance the plant. The rate of interest will
be compounded semi-annually.

Required:
The amount that the Finance Director should deposit with Golden Bank Ltd. every year to achieve his objective.
(2 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

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QUESTION FIVE
(a) Hamsa Manufacturing Ltd. is considering two alternative investment proposals. The first proposal requires a major
renovation of the company’s manufacturing facility. The second proposal involves replacing a few obsolete items of
equipment in the manufacturing facility. The company is only able to select one of the two proposals.

The cash flows associated with each proposal are shown below:

Year Proposal I (Renovation) Proposal II (replacement of some items)

Sh.“000” Sh.“000”
0 –9,000 –1,000
1 3,500 600
2 3,000 500
3 3,000 400
4 2,800 300
5 2,500 200

The firm discounts cash flows at the rate of 15%.

Required:
(i) Rank the two investment proposals using the net present value (NPV) approach. (4 marks)

(ii) Rank the two investment proposals using the internal rate of return (IRR) approach. (4 marks)

(iii) Compare the rankings under the NPV and IRR approaches and comment on any differences. (3 marks)

(b) A financial expert has provided you with the following data regarding returns on Mebco Ltd.’s shares for the years
2017 – 2021:

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Year Return on Mebco Ltd.’s shares (%)
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2017 18
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2018 16
2019 10
2020 6
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2021 8
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Required:
The risk in Mebco Ltd.’s shares return as measured by the standard deviation. (4 marks)
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(c) Koki Ltd. recently paid a dividend of Sh.2.50 per share. The dividend is expected to grow at a rate of 15% per annum
for the first three years, then at a rate of 10% per annum for the next 2 years after which the dividend will grow at a
rate of 5% per annum to perpetuity. The required rate of return for the ordinary share is 12%.

Required:
The intrinsic value of the ordinary share of Koki Ltd. (5 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
……………………………………………………………………

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