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140 views

Eng Project

Uploaded by

Nisant Tarai
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 17

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

KEONJHAR

ENGLISH
PROJECT
2023-24
NAME :- NISANT KUMAR TARAI
CLASS:- XI SCIENCE
ROLL NO:- 27

INTRODUCTION
THIS IS A PROJECT ON
“THE ANCIENT EGYPT"
IN THIS PROJECT, THERE ARE SOMETHING
ABOUT THE ANCIENT EGYPT
CULTURE ,TRADITION,AND MANY MORE
ABOUT THEM.
HOW THE PEOPLE OF EGYPT MADE THERE
PAST SO FAMOUS ALL OVER THE WORLD .
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
FIRST AND FOREMOST ,I WOULD LIKE
TO THANK MY SCHOOL FOR GIVING ME A
PLATFORM WHERE EVEN BEFORE THE
COMPLETION OF
SYLLABUS ,INTERACTION AND
EXPOSURE IS MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH
THE PROJECT WORK
I WOULD LIKE EXPRESS MY SPECIAL
THANKS TO MY “ENGLISH TEACHER”
MISS.PRIYANKA BEHRA MAM
FOR THERE VALUABE SUGGESTION AND
GUIDANCE IN COMPLETING MY PROJECT.
Certificate
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT
MASTER NISANT KUMAR TARAI OF
CLASS XI
SCIENCE
OF KV.KEONJHAR HAS COMPLETED
HER PROJECT WORK.
TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE ,
IT IS WORTHY OF CONSIDERATION .
ANCIENT EGYPT

It’s the year 2490 B.C. Wooden boats cruise along the Nile
River in Egypt as thousands of workers stack giant stone
blocks into a pyramid. This 200-foot-tall structure honors a
pharaoh named Menkaure. This pharaoh’s father, Khafre,
ordered construction of a 450-foot-high pyramid nearby, and
his grandfather Khufu built the Great Pyramid at Giza—the
largest of the three—at about 480 feet. Covered in polished
white limestone, the pyramids seem to glow in the sunlight.

The Egyptians working on the pyramids are helping create a


culture that will last more than 3,000 years—it will be one of
the longest-lasting civilizations in the world. During that time,
ancient Egyptians created works of art and engineering that
still amaze us today.
History of ancient Egypt
People settled in Egypt as early as 6000 B.C. Over time, small
villages joined together to become states until two kingdoms
emerged: Lower Egypt, which covers the Nile River Delta up to
the Mediterranean Sea in the north, and Upper Egypt, which
covers the Nile Valley in the south. (The Nile River flows from
south to north, so for the ancient Egyptians, the southern part
of the country was "up.")

Around 3100 B.C., a king (later called a pharaoh) united these


two lands to be one country, and so historians begin the long
history of ancient Egypt here, dividing it into different periods.
(They don’t always know the exact date of historical events. So
that’s why you’ll see a "ca" next to some of the years. It
stands for "circa" meaning "around.")
Old Kingdom, about 425 years (ca
2575 B.C. to ca 2150 B.C.): By this time, the
pharaohs had enough power and wealth to build pyramids in
their honor; that’s why the Old Kingdom is sometimes called
the “Age of the Pyramids.” The pharaohs at this time were
mostly associated with the sun god Ra, a tradition that would
remain for much of Egypt’s history.

First Intermediate Period, about 200


years (ca 2130 B.C. to ca 1938 B.C.): These
pharaohs lost power after drought hit Egypt. Instead, local
leaders took control of their own communities, and they
stopped passing along grain to the central government.
Eventually, these local rulers formed independent states.

Middle Kingdom, about 300 years (ca


1938 B.C. to ca 1630 B.C.): Around 1938 B.C.,
Mentuhotep II reunited the country and began an era known
for producing some of Egypt’s greatest pieces of art. For the
first time, Egyptians wrote stories for entertainment, And
haraohs started construction of Karnak Temple in the modern-
day city of Luxor.
Second Intermediate Period, about 90
years (ca 1630 B.C. to ca 1540 B.C.): Weak
pharaohs again lost control. Invaders from western Asia
called Hyksos ruled in the north; people from Kush, a
kingdom south of Egypt, took control in Upper Egypt.

New Kingdom, about 465 years (ca 1540 B.C.


to 1075 B.C.): Egyptians took back control and
crowned some of Egypt’s most well-known rulers: The
female pharaoh Hatshepsut ruled for 21
years; Akhenaten tried to start a new religion, and his
son, the boy king Tutankhamun, reigned for 10 years.
Ramses II built more monuments to himself than any
other pharaoh. This was ancient Egypt's most prosperous
and powerful period.
Why ancient Egypt still matters
Today, millions of tourists visit the country of
Egypt each year to see the pyramids, tombs,
and temples. But these monuments aren’t all
this ancient culture left behind.

Ancient Egyptian astronomers created a


calendar much like ours—based on the sun’s
rotation—and are thought to be the first
civilization to measure a year using 365 days.
They were also math geniuses: Historians
think that division and multiplication were
first developed by these people. (Plus, how
else would they have figured out how to build
pyramids without a lot of math?)

This was also one of the first civilizations to


have a written language using a system
called hieroglyphic writing, in which symbols
—not letters—represent words or sounds.
(These people even created writing sheets
out of a plant called papyrus.) Hieroglyphs
are carved into most temples and tombs to
record names and dates, describe events like
battles, and give instructions for passing on
to the afterlife.
The afterlife
In fact, Egyptians enjoyed life so much that
they believed that the afterlife would be
almost exactly the same—except without
things like sadness, illness, or pesky
mosquitoes. Even pets like cats, dogs, or
monkeys would join them there.

Being mummified—the process of preserving


a body—was an important part of how
Egyptians believed their soul would enter the
afterlife. So were tombs. These burial
chambers were filled with things a person
would need there: food, games, and even
underwear!
Life
in ancient Egypt
Most people in ancient Egypt were farmers. They
lived with their families in houses made of mud
bricks that were near the Nile River.

The Nile flooded each year, leaving behind fertile


soil for planting crops like wheat, barley, lettuce,
flax, and papyrus. As the Egyptians learned how to
move river water to their fields, they were able to
grow more food, including grapes, apricots, olives,
and beans.

During flood season, farmers couldn’t tend their


crops. So instead, some worked building pyramids,
tombs, and monuments. Other people worked as
scribes (people who recorded events), priests, and
doctors.

Women in ancient Egypt had more freedom than


those in other ancient cultures. Like men, they
could be scribes, priests, and doctors, and they
usually had the same rights as men. Women could
own their own homes and businesses.

Ancient Egyptians also like to have fun! They


swam and canoed in the Nile, played board
games, and they enjoyed making music and
dancing.

BIBILOGRAPHY
FOR SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETING MY
PROJECT FILE.
I HAVE TAKEN HELP FROM THE
FOLLOWING
=>https://www.google.com/search
=>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
THANKY
OU

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