CHAPTER-9

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
05 MARK TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. NO QUESTION MARK
1. Form the differential equation of the family of circles having centre on y-axis and radius 3 5
units.

2. Solve (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0 5

3. 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 5
+ 𝑥 = 0 where 'x' denotes the percentage population in a city and 'y' denotes the area for
𝑑𝑥
living healthy life of population. Find the particular solution when x=100,y=1.
Is higher density of population harmful? Justify your answer
4. Solve the differential equation 5
(xdy-ydx )y sin(y/x) = (ydx+xdy)x cos(y/x).
𝜋
5. Find the equation of a curve passing through (0, )and satisfying the differential equation 5
4
Sinx.cosy dx + cosx.siny dy=0

6. 𝑑𝑦
Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 +ycotx =2x+x2cotx (x≠0) given 5
𝜋
that y=0 when x=2 .

7. Show that the differential equation 5

𝑥 𝑥
2y𝑒 dx+(𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑒 )dy=0 is homogeneous and find its particular solution, given that, x=
𝑦 𝑦

0 when y = 1
8. In a lab, if in a culture, the bacteria count is 1,00,000.The number is increased by 10 % in 2 5
hours. In how many hours will the count reach 2, 00, 000, if the rate of growth of bacteria is
proportional to the number present?
9. The population of a village increase continuously at the rate proportional to the number of 5
its inhabitants present at any time .If the population of the village was 20000 in 2018 and
25000 in the year 2023, what will be the population of the village in 2028?
10. 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 5
Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 ) + 𝑥 − 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 ) = 0 ,
𝜋
given that 𝑦(1) = 2 .
11. (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥. If 𝑦(1) = 1 and 𝑦(𝑥0 ) = 𝑒, then find the value of 𝑥0 . 5
12. Find the general solution of the differential equation 5
𝑦𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
13. Find the particular solution of the differential equation, satisfying the given 5
condition
(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑦 = 1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1
14. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 5
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
x𝑑𝑥 = y -xtan(𝑥 ), given that y = π/4 at x =1.
15. Solve the differential equation 5
 2
xdy – ydx =√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 dx,
Given that y =0, when x=1.

ANSWERS:

Q. NO ANSWER MARKS
1. As the centre of the circle lies on the y-axis. Let the center be (0,k).
Thus the equation of the circles with center (0,k) and radius 3 is,
(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 32
Differentiating and by solving we get
(𝑥 2 − 9)𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 = 0
Which is required solution.
2. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝐶𝑥
3. 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
+ =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
= −( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Differentiating and by solving we get xy=100
4. sec(y/x) = cxy

5. cosy = secx/√2

6. 𝑑𝑦
The given equ. is a L.D.E. of the type 𝑑𝑥 +Py=Q ,where P=cotx and Q=2x+x2cotx. 5
IF= 𝑒 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 = sinx,
General solution is given by ysinx=∫(2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
Gives ysinx=x2sinx+c,
𝜋 −𝜋 2
Substituting y=0 and x= 2 we get c= 4
2 𝜋2
Particular solution y=x - 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
7. 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
This is of the form 𝑑𝑦=g(𝑦). 5
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
Put x=vy ,then 𝑑𝑦=v+y𝑑𝑦
−𝑑𝑦
Gives 2evdv= 𝑦
Integrate it, we get 2ev= - log|y|+c
𝑥
Put v=𝑦 ,we get
𝑥
General solution 2𝑒 𝑦 +log|y|=c,
Substituting x=0 and y=1 we get c=2
𝑥
Particular solution 2𝑒 𝑦 +log|y|=2.
8. 2 log 2 5
t= 11
𝑙𝑜𝑔
10
9. 31250 5
10. 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 5
𝑥 sin ( ) + 𝑥 − 𝑦 sin ( ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 sin (𝑥 ) − 𝑥
⟹ = 𝑦 … (𝑖)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 sin (𝑥 )
 𝑦
𝑦 sin (𝑥 ) − 𝑥
Let, 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦
𝑥 sin ( )
𝑥
𝜆𝑦
𝜆𝑦 sin ( ) − 𝜆𝑥 𝑦 sin (𝑦) − 𝑥
𝜆𝑥 𝑥
∴ 𝑓(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = = 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜆𝑦 𝑥 sin (𝑥 )
𝜆𝑥 sin ( )
𝜆𝑥
Hence, 𝑓 is a homogeneous function of degree 0.
Let, 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
Differentiating both sides w. r. t. 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
=𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Hence, eqn (i) becomes
𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑥 sin 𝑣 − 𝑥
𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑣
𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑥 sin 𝑣 − 𝑥
⟹ 𝑣𝑥 = −𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑣
𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑥 sin 𝑣 − 𝑥 − 𝑣𝑥 sin 𝑣
⟹𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑣
𝑑𝑣 −𝑥
⟹𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1
⟹𝑥 =−
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑣
𝑑𝑥
⟹ sin 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = −
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
⟹ ∫ sin 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫
𝑥
⟹ − cos 𝑣 = − log|𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑦
⟹ − cos ( ) = − log|𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑥
π
It is given that 𝑦 = when 𝑥 = 1
2
π
∴ − cos = − log 1 + 𝑐
2
⟹ −0 = −0 + 𝑐
⟹𝑐=0
Hence, the complete soln is ∶
𝑦
− cos ( ) = − log|𝑥|
𝑥
𝑦
⟹ cos ( ) = log|𝑥|
𝑥

11. (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 5

𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦
⟹ = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 2
𝑥𝑦
Let, 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2
𝑥 + 𝑦2
𝜆𝑥. 𝜆𝑦 𝑥𝑦
∴ 𝑓(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = 2 2 = = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜆 𝑥 + 𝜆2 𝑦 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
Hence, 𝑓 is a homogeneous function of degree 0.
Let, 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
Differentiating both sides w. r. t. 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
=𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 Hence, eqn (i) becomes
𝑑𝑣 𝑥. 𝑣𝑥
𝑣+𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑣 2 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑣 𝑣
⟹𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑣 2
𝑑𝑣 𝑣
⟹𝑥 = −𝑣
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑣 2
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 − 𝑣(1 + 𝑣 2 )
⟹𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑣2
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 − 𝑣 − 𝑣 3
⟹𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑣2
𝑑𝑣 −𝑣 3
⟹𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑣 2
(1 + 𝑣 2 )𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⟹ 3
=−
𝑣 𝑥
1 1 𝑑𝑥
⟹ ∫ [ 3 + ] 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫
𝑣 𝑣 𝑥
1
⟹ − 2 + log|𝑣| = − log|𝑥| + 𝑐
2𝑣
𝑥2 𝑦
⟹ − 2 + log | | = − log|𝑥| + 𝑐
2𝑦 𝑥
It is given that 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 1
1
∴− +0= 0+𝑐
2
1
⟹𝑐=−
2
Hence, the complete soln is ∶
𝑥2 𝑦 1
− 2 + log | | = − log|𝑥| −
2𝑦 𝑥 2
Now, 𝑥 = 𝑥0 and 𝑦 = 𝑒, then
𝑥0 2 𝑒 1
− 2 + log | | = − log|𝑥0 | −
2𝑒 𝑥0 2
𝑥0 2 𝑒 1
⟹ − 2 + log | | + log|𝑥0 | + = 0
2𝑒 𝑥0 2
2
𝑥0 𝑒 1
⟹ − 2 + log | . 𝑥0 | + = 0
2𝑒 𝑥0 2
2
𝑥0 1
⟹ − 2 + log|𝑒| + = 0
2𝑒 2
𝑥0 2 1
⟹ − 2+1+ = 0
2𝑒 2
𝑥0 2 3
⟹− 2=−
2𝑒 2
⟹ 𝑥0 2 = 3𝑒 2
⟹ 𝑥0 = ±√3𝑒
12. The given differential equation can be rewritten as 5
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
− = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Which is a linear differential equation of the type
𝑑𝑥 −1
+ 𝑃𝑥 = 𝑄, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
 −1
∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
Therefore, I.F.=𝑒 = 𝑒 − log 𝑦 =
𝑦
Hence, the solution of the given differential equation is
1 1
𝑥 = ∫(2𝑦) ( ) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥
= 2𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑦
𝑥 = 2𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑦
Which is a general solution of the given differential equation.
13. The given differential equation can be rewritten as 5
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑥 − 1 𝑦
= =𝑦 = 𝑓( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 +1 𝑥
𝑥
Which is a homogeneous differential equation
𝑦
Now. Let = 𝑣 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑥
On differentiating wrt x on both sides, we get
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
=𝑣+𝑥 − − − − − −(𝑖𝑖)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Putting (ii) in (i), we get
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 − 1
𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 + 1
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 − 1 𝑣 − 1 − 𝑣2 − 𝑣
𝑥 = −𝑣 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 + 1 𝑣+1
𝑣+1 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫
𝑣 +1 𝑥
1 2𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 2 = −∫
2 𝑣 +1 𝑣 +1 𝑥

1
𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑣 2 + 1) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑣 = − log 𝑥 + 𝐶1
2
𝑦2 𝑦
𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 2 + 1) + 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = −2 log 𝑥 + 2𝐶1
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝐶
𝜋
𝑥
y=1, when x=1 so we get C=log 2 +
2
Hence, particular solution of the given differential equation is
𝑦 𝜋
log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = log 2 +
𝑥 2

14. . ჻Particular solution is given by 5

𝑦 1
x·sin(𝑥 ) = √2

15. . y + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥2 5
which is the required solution