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Technical Report On Coordinate Transformations in Excel

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Felonia Mekaell
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37 views

Technical Report On Coordinate Transformations in Excel

Uploaded by

Felonia Mekaell
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mekaell M.

Felonia Photogrammetry - Lab


BSGE-3A Technical Report

Technical Report on Coordinate Transformations in Excel

1. Introduction

Coordinate transformations play a critical role in geospatial analysis and surveying in


that they allow users to transfer spatial data among different reference systems. The
theme of transformation in this exercise entailed the performance of three distinct
types, namely, 2D conformal transformations, 2D affine transformations, and 3D
conformal transformations in a problem solved in Microsoft Excel in order to
determine computational steps. The main issues of focus included determining the
scale, the rotation angle or values and residuals among others. I could apply
numerical tools such as Excel. This helped in a hands-on understanding of the
mathematical calculations taking place in the process of turning spatial data.

2. Objectives

The primary objectives of this lab were to:

1. Implement and compute transformation parameters for 2D conformal, 2D affine, and


3D conformal transformations.
2. Use Excel to calculate the unknown values, residuals, scales, rotations, and
adjustment's reference variance.
3. Interpret results to understand the effectiveness and accuracy of each transformation
type.

3. Materials

● Computer with Excel software installed

4. Methods

Data Input and Setup: The provided lab material contained initial data points and
transformation equations, which were inputted into an Excel file. Excel was used to organize
and store data, perform matrix operations, and calculate transformation parameters.

Procedure:

1. Data Input: The given data from the material was entered into the Excel
spreadsheet, where each point was allocated specific rows and columns.
2. Parameter Calculation: Using reference equations from the material, I calculated
unknown values such as scale, rotation, and translations in both 2D and 3D space.
3. Residual Computation: Residuals were computed to assess the difference between
observed and calculated values after transformation, indicating the accuracy of the
transformations.
4. L and K Matrix Construction: L and K matrices were built to represent linear
transformations and kernel functions, aiding in solving the transformation equations.
5. 2D Affine Transformation with Weights: For the 2D affine transformation, weights
were incorporated to account for varying levels of influence among data points,
providing a more tailored approach for distortion-prone datasets.
6. 3D Conformal Transformation with Jacobian Matrix: In the 3D conformal
transformation, the Jacobian matrix was used to calculate transformation parameters,
enhancing accuracy by capturing local changes in the coordinate space.
7. Reference Variance and Standard Deviation: I computed adjustment’s reference
variance and standard deviation for evaluating data spread and measurement
accuracy.
8. Transformation Parameters Extraction: The parameter extraction sheet in Excel
was used to summarize the transformation parameters for each transformation type.

5. Results and Discussion

● 2D Conformal Transformation: For the 2D conformal transformation, I discovered


that scale and rotation matched my expectations at the start. The residual plot was
small and reflected the necessity for a very few corrections, so there was very little
deviation and a very good fit with this transformation for small datasets of planar
objects.
● 2D Affine Transformation with Weights: The affine transformation offered scaling,
translation, and shearing of data, therefore suitable for datasets requiring flexibility.
We were able to account for point-attention weights, hence refining the flexibility of
the transformation. Higher residuals compared with the conformal transformation
were an indication of the accommodation of distortion by the affine transformation.
● 3D Conformal Transformation with Jacobian Matrix: This transformation involved
output on a 3D plane by considering spatial rotations and scale adjustments. The
Jacobian matrix played a crucial role in transformation parameter derivation with
reasonable accuracy through capturing localized changes in generating a
well-rounded transformation model.

Accuracy Assessment: Across the transformations, the standard deviation and reference
variance values provided insights into the precision of each model. Lower variance values
were noted for the 2D conformal transformation, while the 3D conformal had a wider
variance, likely due to the added dimensionality.

6. Summary and Conclusion

In this experiment, I was able to calculate transformation parameters for 2D and 3D


transformations using Microsoft Excel as a tool to make computations in the computationally
intensive matrix and algebra involved. Examples were given that illustrate many differences
in relative precision, flexibility, and usability between each type of transformation. The 2D
conformal transformation was the closest for planar data, but the 3D conformal
transformation, supported by the Jacobian matrix, presented a spatial transformation model
with acceptable variances. Adding weights allowed the use of the 2D affine transformation,
which helped take full advantage of the dataset, since the points it includes can have
different weights according to their importance. This lab emphasized the importance of
selecting appropriate transformations based on the specific requirements of spatial data
analysis.

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