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Lecture 3 Ozone Layer Slides

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Atharva Tambat
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5 views

Lecture 3 Ozone Layer Slides

Uploaded by

Atharva Tambat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ozone Layer Depletion

Stratospheric ozone and its importance

– The ‘hole’ story

1
DNS is affected
Atmospheric attenuation of SR
Solar UV radiation reaching the top of the atmosphere is absorbed by ozone

2
Dobson Unit

1 Dobson Unit (DU) is defined to


be 0.01 mm thickness at stp;
the ozone layer over Labrador is
~300 DU.

Mean ratio,
column O3: air = 5 x 10-7
3
Ozone in Stratosphere:
Dobson Units (DU)
If 100 DU of ozone were brought to the Earth's surface, it
would form a layer 1 millimeter thick. In the tropics, ozone
levels are typically between 250 and 300 DU year-round.
In temperate regions, seasonal variations can produce
large swings in ozone levels. For instance, measurements
in Leningrad have recorded ozone levels as high as 475 DU
and as low as 300 DU.

4
BC (UV B and UV C) - MAA
The Ultraviolet Spectrum
chod deta hai

400nm 100nm
Radio IR Visible UV X-Rays
Light

❑ UV light: 100 to 400 nm l


UV-A UV-B UV-C Far UV
UV spectrum – 4 regions

o Far UV: 100 – 200 nm

o UV – C : 200 – 280 nm 300nm 200nm Decreasing order -


A,B,C, far
o UV – B : 280 – 315 nm DNA damaging range
o UV – A : 315 – 400 nm 5
Ultraviolet Radiation
• 230-280 nm damages nucleic acids
• Stops reproduction of cells by
breaking apart the DNA bonds
• Ozone production peaks at 185nm
• Ozone absorbance and destruction at 200-320nm

Ozone formation Ozone destruction



➔
6
UV ozone generation and destruction:
equilibrium
• O2 + h185 ➔ 2O. Chapman Mechanism
• O. + O2 + M ➔ O3 + M (R1) O2 + h → O + O (l < 240 nm)
• O3 + h254 ➔ O2 + O. (R2) O + O 2 + M → O3 + M
(R3) O3 + h → O2 + O (l  320 nm)
Equilibrium between production and (R4) O3 + O → 2O2
destruction

Odd oxygen family


[Ox] = [O3] + [O]
external species slow R2
R1
O2 O fast O3
R3
slow
R4
slow
Atmospheric Layers
like gamma rays

8
The catalyzed cycle of stratospheric ozone
production and destruction

1. h + O2 ➔ 2O.

2. O. + O2 ➔ O3

3. O3 + X ➔ O2 + OX

4. OX + O. ➔ O2 + X

X could be Cl from a CFC


9
10
Halogen catalysis of ozone destruction

ozone:

11
Halogen removal from atmosphere
• Cl + CH4 ➔ HCl + CH3.
• ClO + NO2 ➔ ClONO2
Both HCl and ClONO2 inactive: rain out
• Br + O3 ➔ BrO + O2
• Br + CH4 ➔ HBr + CH3.
HBr can photolytically provide Br again
Halons and CH3Br provide Br

12
Ozone Depleting Substances

List of ozone
depleting substances http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ods.html 13
Record ozone hole, 2006

14
Evolution of ozone hole

15
Global total ozone change

16
Noble for Ozone hole explanation
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995

Paul J. Crutzen Mario J. Molina F. Sherwood Rowland


The Netherlands USA USA

Max-Planck-Institute MIT, USA Department of Chemistry,


for Chemistry Mainz, Germany Cambridge, MA University of California
Irvine, CA, USA

1933 - 1943 - 1927 -

"for their work in atmospheric chemistry,


particularly concerning the formation and
decomposition of ozone"
17
Impact of Montreal Protocol

18
Impact of Montreal Protocol

19
World Production of CFCs
Impact of Montreal Protocol

20
Ozone layer recovery

21

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