SOUTHERN RAILWAY

Project : Redevelopment of Kollam Railway Station

of Southern Railway on Engineering
Procurement & Construction (EPC)

DESIGN BASIS REPORT-

Project Location Kollam, Kerala Document No KD-10

Prepared By Revision R
Checked By Date - -202

EPC Contractor Sanjay Anil Digitally signed by

Sanjay Anil Chikermane
Consultants
Chikermane Date: 2024.04.20
11:05:26 +05'30'

RITES Ltd. in JV with

Siddhartha Civil Works Pvt Ltd.
(RITES-SCWPL-JV)
 DISCLAIMER

This is an internal document and is intended for the sole use of the Client “Southern
Railway”. The information in this Report has been prepared based on information
collected from primary & secondary sources, factual information made available and
consultations with the Client, designated officers and the other stakeholders involved
in the project. Wherever information was not readily available, reasonable
assumptions have been made, in good faith to draw meaningful inferences and these
have been mentioned in the respective sections of the report. All such assumptions
are subject to further corroboration based on availability of information. The
information and analysis presented in this Report is not and does not purport to be
comprehensive or to have been independently verified.

This report has been prepared by M/s Space Edge Consultants in JV with Etude
Services (“Lead Detailed Designer”) for its Client, M/s Rail India Technical and
Economic Service Limited, RITES, a Government of India Enterprise, in Joint Venture
with M/s Siddartha Civil Works Pvt. Limited (RITES-SCWPL JV) (“EPC Contractor”)
or its use for furthering the project. No external agency shall use any part of this
report without the prior permission from Ministry of Railway, M/s Rail India
Technical and Economic Service Limited, RITES, a Government of India Enterprise,
in Joint Venture with M/s Siddartha Civil Works Pvt. Limited (RITES-SCWPL
JV), Space Edge Consultants and Etude Services. The information contained in
this Report is strictly confidential for the Client’s use only and is specific to the
particular project under specific circumstances and is not considered replicable or
suitable for other projects. The information and the report are also subject to
updating, expansion, revision and amendment. It does not, and does not purport to,
contain all the information that may be required. This Report includes certain
statements, estimates, projections and forecasts. Such statements, estimates,
projections, targets and forecasts are based on the information provided by
the concerned authorities and reasonable assumptions made by the
management and employees of M/s Space Edge Consultants and Etude
Services.

No representation or warranty is given as to the reasonableness of estimates or the

assumptions on which they may be based and nothing in this Report is, or should be
relied on as, a promise, representation or warranty. The Consultant absolves itself
from investments done on basis of this report. No part of the document shall be
reproduced or utilized without prior permission of the Client and the Consultant .
SUMIT Digitally signed by SUMIT TRIPATHI

TRIPATHI
Date: 2024.04.18 13:26:37 +05'30'

Ar. Sumit Tripathi

Director-Design &
Authorised Signatory
Space Edge Consultants
M/s Space Edge Consultants in JV with M/s Etude Services

Reg. Office: 114, Pocket -3,

Sector -19, Dwarka, New Delhi 110075.
Email: [email protected]
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 PROJECT BRIEF AND INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1-3

1.1 SITE PLAN ............................................................................................................................ 1-3

2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS REPORT ............................................................................ 2-4

2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................... 2-4

2.1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.1.2 SCOPE OF THE REPORT .................................................................................................... 2-4

2.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................... 2-4

2.2.1 SITE LOCATION ................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.3 AIR CONCOURSE ................................................................................................................ 2-4

2.3.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN APPROACH - FRAMING, ROOFING AND FOUNDATIONS .......... 2-4

2.4 MATERIALS ......................................................................................................................... 2-5

2.4.1 CEMENT2-5

2.4.2 CONCRETE .......................................................................................................................... 2-5

2.4.3 REINFORCEMENT STEEL ................................................................................................... 2-6

2.4.4 STRUCTURAL STEEL .......................................................................................................... 2-6

2.5 CRITERIA FOR DURABILITY, FIRE PROOFING ................................................................. 2-7

2.5.1 DESIGN LIFE ........................................................................................................................ 2-7

2.5.2 GROUND WATER TABLE .................................................................................................... 2-7

2.5.3 FIRE PROOFING .................................................................................................................. 2-7

2.6 DESIGN LOADS ................................................................................................................... 2-8

2.7 GRAVITY LOADS ................................................................................................................. 2-8

2.7.1 UNIT WEIGHT OF MATERIAL .............................................................................................. 2-8

2.7.2 SEISMIC LOADS .................................................................................................................. 2-9

2.7.3 WIND LOADS........................................................................................................................ 2-9

2.8 LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR AIR CONCOURSE ...............................................................2-10

2.9 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND DETAILING CRITERIA ....................................2-10

2.9.1 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................2-11

2.9.2 VIBRATION ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................2-11

2.9.3 DESIGN AND DETAILING ...................................................................................................2-12

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 2.9.4 DEFLECTION CRITERIA .....................................................................................................2-13

2.9.5 FOUNDATIONS FOR AIR CONCOURSE ............................................................................2-13

2.10 DESIGN STANDARDS ........................................................................................................2-14

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1 PROJECT BRIEF AND INTRODUCTION

PROJECT: Redevelopment of Kollam Railway Station of Southern Railway on

Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC)
CLIENT: Southern Railway (SR)
LOCATION: Kollam, Kerala
EPC CONTRACTOR: RITES Ltd. in JV with Siddhartha Civil Works Pvt Ltd.
(RITES-SCWPL)
Kollam Railway Station (QLN) is one of the primary railway stations serving the city
of Kollam. The total land area under the ownership of Southern Railway measures
271139.38 Sq.M and is proposed to be utilized for station upgradation project. The
Redevelopment of Kollam Junction Railway Station includes the construction and
design of Terminal Building, Multi - Level Car Parking, Air Concourse, Foot Over
Bridge, STP, Platform upgradation, etc.
1.1 SITE PLAN
The below figure shown is the layout of proposed Redevelopment of Kollam
Railway Station.

AIR CONCOURSE

Figure 1 SITE PLAN

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2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS REPORT

2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

2.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Structural Design Basis Report describes the basic design parameters for
analysis, design and development of drawings for various types of structures for the
proposed Project Redevelopment of Kollam Railway Station. The design
calculations have been prepared using the applicable Indian codes and standards
and the latest developments in engineering practices.
2.1.2 SCOPE OF THE REPORT
The Scope of the report is to indicate the standardized design methodology followed
by structural analysis, design and detailing of Air Concourse and to mention the
references of the followed IS Codes and literatures. It is prepared on the basis of
contract specifications and related documents. It includes the general description
of structure, geometry, location, basic load cases (including wind load and seismic
load) and load combinations for the analysis and design of structures satisfying the
requirements of Indian Standard Codes. This report also covers the properties of
materials used, strength and serviceability criteria.
2.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT
2.2.1 SITE LOCATION
The site is located in Kollam, Kerala.
2.3 AIR CONCOURSE

S. No Site Description of Building to be constructed as per

Structure scope of work under the contract

1 Kollam Air Concourse Elevated Floor with curved roof

2.3.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN APPROACH - FRAMING, ROOFING AND

FOUNDATIONS
The Structural Design of Air Concourse will be based on the Serviceability
Design as per the IS Codes and in accordance with good engineering
practices.
The structure will be designed to resist both vertical and lateral loads (wind
and seismic load) acting on the building.
All buildings will be designed as rigid-jointed or flexible jointed Steel
Structures under the design loads.
Roofing Double Skin profiled Galvalume sheet with Insulation over steel
truss and purlin system as per design.

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 The minimum geometry of all structures is selected as per the requirements
of structures under various design loads.
Steel Structures are designed to satisfy the deformation criteria as per clause
7.11 of IS 1893 (Part l): 2016 and clause 5.6.1 of IS 800: 2007 and 4.17 of
IRS Steel bridge code under all type of loadings.
RCC Structures including Lift structures are plate embedded with the steel
structures.
The type of foundations will be based on Geotechnical Investigation and
Analysis carried out as per relevant Indian Standards, where Pile Foundation
is considered for Air Concourse as per Soil report.
2.4 MATERIALS
2.4.1 CEMENT
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 43 grade and 53 grade conforming to IS
269-2015 shall be used. Portland Pozzolana Cement {PPC) conforming to
IS 1 489: 2015 of grades 43 & 53 may also be used.
2.4.2 CONCRETE
For Plain Cement Concrete, Plum Concrete, levelling course below
foundations and other non-structural elements, concrete used for filling, the
grade of concrete shall be M10.
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, Ee = 5000 fck M Pa.
Density of Reinforced Concrete: Dry= 25 kN/ m3.
Poisson's Ratio for Concrete= 0.2.
Maximum Compressive Strain: 0.002.
For Structural Elements Grade of Concrete will be M25, M30, M35 and M40
based on the requirement.
For Foundation, the Grade of Concrete will be M30.
Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion as per IS 456: 2000 is given below.

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2.4.3 REINFORCEMENT STEEL

2.4.3.1 REINFORCEMENT GENERAL

Steel rod reinforcement shall be cut, bent and fixed in accordance with IS
456.
Cold bending shall be used which does not damage the material Bending
hot at a cherry-red heat not exceeding 840o C may be noticed except for
bars dependent on cold-working for strength.
Bars shall not be cooled by quenching.

2.4.3.2 REINFORCEMENT PROPERTIES

Reinforcement bars will be Thermo-Mechanically Treated (TMT) of minimum
grade Fe500 grade conforming to IS 1786: 2008.
Young's Modulus of Reinforcement steel will be 2 x 105 N/ mm2.
Diameters of bars shall be 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 28 and 32 mm.
Yield Strength= Minimum 500 N/ mm2.
Ultimate Tensile Strength -As per IS 1786: 2008.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion = 12 x 1-0 6 /° C.
Unit Weight: 78.5 kN/ m3.

2.4.4 STRUCTURAL STEEL

2.4.4.1 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Steel for rolled sections, plates and bars shall normally comply with IS 2062,
Special steels can be permitted for use by Engineers as per design
requirement.
Dimensional Properties, tolerance and rolling margins shall comply with IS
800.
The condition of steel for fabrication shall be to IS 2062 or unless otherwise
detailed.
Bolts, Nuts and Washers shall comply with design requirement.
Stainless steel and special steels can be used provided adequate care is
taken to verify that no electrochemical activity will be there between dis-
similar steels, including at their connections.
Structural Steel shall conform to IS 2062.2011 of Grade E350/BR with
Tensile Strength 490N/mmm2 & Yield Strength of 350N/ mm2.
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 Structural Hollow Section shall conform to IS 4923 and IS 1161
Roofing sheets: pre-painted galvalume sheets (PPGL) of 0.5mm TCT of
minimum yield strength of 350 N/ mm2
2.4.4.2 DETAILING OF CONNECTIONS
High-Strength Friction Grip (HSFG)-BS-111 bolts shall be used only with
properly prepared mating surfaces as specified by designer.
Stiffeners shall be cut to the required profile to fit closely into all such radii
and seal welded.
HSFG bolted connections, slip bolted connections and welded connections
shall not be used interchangeably or in tandem with each other. The use of
each of these types of connections shall be separate and distinct.
Detailing of connections shall ensure that inaccessible pockets/gaps are
avoided.
In this respect, back-to-back angles with spacers and similar details which
would prevent full accessibility for painting are not acceptable.
2.4.4.3 BOLTED CONNECTIONS
Bolts shall be threaded only over the length of shank which is outside the
parts bolted together. The bolts shall protrude by at least two complete
threads and not more than four complete threads beyond the outer face of
the tightened nut.
Holes shall not be distorted are enlarged by the use of drifts.
Load indicating washers shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacture's recommendations.
2.5 CRITERIA FOR DURABILITY, FIRE PROOFING
2.5.1 DESIGN LIFE
Design life of all buildings is considered as 70 years (Project Specific).
2.5.2 GROUND WATER TABLE
Ground water table for design purpose will be considered as per the
recommendations of detailed Geotechnical Investigations Report.
2.5.3 FIRE PROOFING
The structural material shall be free of fire contributors and designed to
adhere firmly to structural steel member for entire 2 hours of fire duration.
By using intumescent fire paint, the structural steel shall be made 2-hour fire
rated.
The steel surface to be coated with primer compatible to the fireproof
material.

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 The primer shall be factory applied and reapplied on site after erection to
ensure damaged primer coating during transportation and assembly.
The field testing of the installed material, covering thickness, density, bond
adhesion etc. shall be as per applicable Indian code.

2.6 DESIGN LOADS

Air Concourse will be designed to resist the worst combination of the loads/stresses
including during construction, under testing and under working conditions (full
occupancy). The structures will be designed for all applicable loads, viz. Dead
loads, Live loads, Seismic Loads, Wind Loads, etc.
2.7 GRAVITY LOADS
Vertical Loads will include the Dead Loads due to self-weight of the structure,
finishes, interior partition walls, staircases, shafts, etc. and appropriate Live Loads
as per IS 875 (Part -2): 1987.
2.7.1 UNIT WEIGHT OF MATERIAL
Typical Unit Weights as per IS 875 (Part 1) are considered for design purpose and
are as follows:
1. Reinforced Concrete : 25 kN/ m3
2. Plain Concrete : 24 kN/ m3
3. Structural Steel : 78.5 kN/ m3
4. Sand/Cement Screed : 23 kN/ m3
5. Dry Soil : 18 kN/ m3
6. Saturated Soil : 20 kN/ m3
7. Water : 10 kN/ m3
8. Floor Finishes/ Plasters : 20.8 kN/ m3
9. Autoclave Aerated Concrete Blocks : 10 kN/ m3
10. Broken AAC Blocks : 7 kN/ m3
11. Granite : 25.9 kN/ m3
12. Metal Sheet : 78.5 kN/ m3

2.7.1.1 TRANSFER OF DEAD LOAD ON TO THE STRUCTURE

Self-Weight based on the above unit weights will be calculated by Staad Pro
Connect Software.
2.7.1.2 FLOOR FINISH
The Floor finishes are applied as floor load on supporting beams/floors depending
upon the type of floor finish.
2.7.1.3 LIVE LOADS
Following live loads have been considered in design in accordance with IS 875
(Part2): 1987.

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2.7.1.4 AIR CONCOURSE
Live Load at Floor Level : 5.0 kN/ m2
Live Load at Roof (Access not provided except for maintenance) : 0.75 kN/ m 2
Live Load at Staircases and Skywalk : 5.0 kN/ m 2
2.7.2 SEISMIC LOADS
The Seismic Parameters as per IS 1893 (Part l): 2016 are listed below.

Location Kollam, Kerala

Zone (Annex E) III

Seismic Zone Factor (z) 0.16

Importance Factor (/) 1.5

Response Reduction Factor (R) As per Table 9 of IS 1893 (Part l): 2016

Fundamental Natural Period As per Clause 7.6.2 of IS 1893 (Part l):

2016

2.7.3 WIND LOADS

The Wind Load Parameters as per IS 875 (Part3): 2015 are listed below.

Zone Kollam, Kerala

Basic Wind Speed (Vb) m/s 39 m/sec

Design Life 70 Years (Project Specific)

Terrain Category As per Clause 6.3.2.1 of IS 875 (Part3):

2015

Risk Coefficient (k1) As per Table 1 of IS 875 (Part3): 2015

Terrain Roughness and Height As per Table 2 of IS 875 (Part3): 2015

Factor (k2)

Topography Factor (k3) As per Clause 6.3.3 of IS 875 (Part3):

2015

Importance Factor (K4) As per Clause 6.3.4 of IS 875 (Part3):

2015

Design Wind Speed (Vz) Vz = vb X k1X k2 X k3 X K4

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 Design Wind Pressure (Pz) at Pz= 0.6 x Vz
height h

Design Wind Pressure (Pd) Pd= Kd X Ka X Kc X Pz

Pd >0.70 Pz

Wind Directionality Factor (Kd) As per Clause 7.2.1 of IS 875 (Part3):

2015

Area Averaging Factor (Ka) As per Clause 7.2.2 of IS 875 (Part3):

2015

Combination Factor (Kc) As per Clause 7.3.3.13 of IS 875 (Part3):

2015

Pressure Coefficient Further to design pressures, Appropriate

pressure coefficients will be considered
as per IS 875 (Part 3): 2015

With the above wind load parameters, the calculated intensity of wind at different
heights is applied on all sides of the structure using Staad Pro Connect software.
2.8 LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR AIR CONCOURSE
Live load reduction for the design of Steel Structural elements will be in accordance
with IS 800: 2007 {Table 4) and IRS Steel bridge code.

2.9 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND DETAILING CRITERIA

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2.9.1 ANALYSIS
Staad Pro Connect will be used for analysis and design of all structures.
The dead loads of floor slabs are applied as floor loads in appropriate beams
and the live loads on the slabs are also applied as floor loads, whereas in
framed or braced structures the loads are also applied as member loads.
The Rigidity of the floor achieved using floor diaphragm command in Staad
model.
Non-Structural Walls and Non-Load Bearing Walls will not be modelled in
software. However, corresponding loads will be applied as UDL in
appropriate beams.
Wind load analysis will be performed as per IS 875 {Part 3): 2015 using
Staad Pro Connect software.
As per IS 1893 {Part 1): 2016, For Structural analysis, the moment of inertia
shall be taken as below.
a) In Steel Structures: gross of both beams and columns
2.9.2 VIBRATION ANALYSIS
The structures to be built near railway tracks need to be analysed for
possible effects of vibrations induced by the train movement.
This vibration measurements shall include impacts, trains passing by, trains
halting, train stopped at platform.
Finite element analysis or other modelling techniques can be used to verify
the potential for negative impact.
The ground borne vibration levels shall not exceed the noise levels indicated
in DIN 4150 Part 3, where this standard specifies methods of determining
and evaluating the effects of vibration on structures designed for
predominantly static loading.
If the vibration levels exceed the vibration control design elements shall be
designed but not be limited to structural changes, damping element,
vibration isolation of track, etc.
There are some technical solutions to protect the structure from vibrations
and earthquakes,
a) Base Control Systems (BCS) - assembly of the protection elements
below the structure.
b) Tuned Mass Control Systems (TMCS) - special mass damper systems
to increase damping for vulnerable buildings and other structures.
c) The Base Control System (BCS) for machines, facilities, and buildings
distinguishes itself through special characteristics.

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 d) Application of optimized spring elements and Visco dampers.
Here are some codes which briefs the evaluation of vibration in structures.
a) UNl-9916: Criteria for the measurements of vibrations and the
assessment of their effects on buildings
b) ANSI S2.47: Vibration of Buildings - Guidelines for the Measurement of
Vibrations and Evaluations of their effect on buildings
c) BS 7385-1 and BS 7385-2: Evaluation and measurement for vibration in
buildings.
d) DIN 4150-3: Vibrations in buildings Part 2: Effects on persons in buildings
e) DIN 52210: Testing of acoustics in buildings, airborne impact and sound
insulation.
f) ISO 140: Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and
building elements.
g) ISO 2631-2: Part 2: Vibration in buildings (1 Hz to 80 Hz).
h) ISO 4886: Evaluation and measurement for vibrations in buildings. Guide
for measurement of vibrations and evaluation of their effects on buildings.
2.9.3 DESIGN AND DETAILING
The Steel design is carried out by Staad Pro Connect software under various
load combinations and also using spread sheet wherever complexity in
software designs.
The RC Beam and Column design for Lift Structures is carried out by Staad
Pro Connect software and using spread sheet wherever complexity in
software designs.
Foundations will be designed for axial load, lateral load, moments, one way
shear and punching shear using Staad analysis results.
Both Standard and build up section members are used in the structural
arrangements including Solid members, Hollow members, Plate Girders and
circular members.
The Connections can be either welded joint or bolted joints.
The minimum sizes of the members, minimum and maximum percentage of
reinforcement will be in accordance with IS 456: 2000, IS 13920: 2016 and
SP 16 (Design aids for Reinforced Concrete).
Spacing, Splicing, development length and detailing of reinforcement bars
will be provided in accordance with IS 456: 2000, IS 13920: 2016 and SP 16
(Design aids for Reinforced Concrete) for foundation.
Design of structural steel based on IS 800 and IRS Steel bridge code.

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2.9.4 DEFLECTION CRITERIA
Horizontal Sway/Drift: The permissible lateral sways due to wind at the top
of the structure will be H/500, where H is the total height of the building.
The limiting vertical deflection under loads acting for all horizontal members
will be as mentioned follows:
a) The final deflection due to all loads including the effects of
temperature, creep and shrinkage and measured from the as-cast
level of the supports of floors, roofs and all other horizontal members
should not normally exceed span/360.

2.9.5 FOUNDATIONS FOR AIR CONCOURSE

The type of foundation to be used shall be based on Geotechnical
Investigation and Analysis to be carried out as per relevant Indian Standards,
Where PILE Foundation is considered for AIR CONCOURSE.
Foundation analysis is carried out by Staad Pro Connect software and also
using excel sheets wherever complexity occurs in the software design.
The foundations are designed based on the results and forces obtained from
Staad Pro Connect for the critical condition using modulus of sub-grade
reactions.
The allowable settlement considered for foundations shall be as follows and
also in conjunction with IS 1904: 1987.

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 For AIR CONCOURSE, PILE Foundation is considered as per the
recommendations in the geotechnical report.
The depth of Foundation is adopted as per the recommendation in the
Geotechnical report and the base pressure of the foundation is limited as per
the SBC recommendation of the geotechnical report.
2.10 DESIGN STANDARDS
S. No Indian Standard Description
Codes
LOADS
1 IS 875 (Part 1): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than
earthquake) for buildings and structures - Dead
Loads-Unit weights of building materials and
stored material.
2 IS 875 (Part 2): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than
earthquake) for buildings and structures-
Imposed Loads.
3 IS 875 {Part 3): 2015 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than
earthquake) for buildings and structures -Wind
Loads.
4 IS 875 {Part 5): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than
earthquake) for buildings and structures - Special
Loads and Load Combinations.
CONCRETE DESIGN
5 IS 456: 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced
Concrete
6 SP 16: 1987 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456:
2000
7 SP 34: 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and
Detailing
8 IS 1893 {Part 1): 2016 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures
9 IS 13920: 2016 Ductile Design and Detailing of Reinforced
Structures subjected to Seismic Forces - Code of
Practice
10 IS 3370 {Part 2): 2021 Code of Practice - Concrete Structures for the
Storage of Liquids
FOUNDATION DESIGN
11 IS 1904: 1987 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of
Foundations in Soils: General Requirements
12 IS 2950 (Part 1):1981 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of
Raft Foundations
13 IS 2974 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of
Machine Foundation
14 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of
IS 2911 Pile Foundation {Part 1 to 4)

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 REINFORCEMENT
15 IS 1786: 2008 Specification for High Strength Deformed Steel
Bars and Wires for Concrete Reinforcement
STEEL DESIGN
16 IS 800: 2007 General Construction in Steel - Code of practice
17 IS 2062: 2011 Steel for General Structural Purposes-
Specifications
18 IS 1161 : 2014 Steel tubes for Structural Purposes- Specifications
19 IS 4923 : 1997 Hollow Steel Sections for Structural use
20 IS 81 4 : 2004 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding
of Carbon Manganese Steel-Specification
21 IS 4000: 1992 High Strength Bolts in Steel Structures-Code of
Practice
22 IS 11384 : 1985 Code of practice for composite construction in
structural steel and concrete
23 IS 5369 : 1975 General Requirements for Plain Washers and Lock
Washers
24 IS 6755 : 1980 Specification for Double Coil Helical Spring
Washers
25 IS 5372 : 1975 Specifications for Taper Washer for Channels
(ISMC)
26 IS 5374 : 1975 Specifications for Taper Washer for I- Beams
(ISMB}
27 IS 814 : 2004 Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc Welding
of Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steel-
Specification
28 IS 6649 : 1985 Specification for Hardened and Tempered
Washers for High Strength Structural Bolts and
Nuts
29 IS 1278 : 1972 Specification for Filler rods for Gas welding
30 IS 7280: 1974 Specification for Bare Wire Electrodes for
Submerged Arc Welding of Structural Steels
31 IS 3616 : 1974 Acceptance Tests for Wire-Flux Combinations for
Submerged-Arc Welding Structural Steel
32 IS 6419 : 1996 Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes for Gas
Shielded Arc Welding for Structural Steels -
Specification
33 IS 2016 : 1967 Indian Standard Specification for Plain Washers
INDIAN RAILWAY STANDARDS (IRS)
34 IRS Manual for Standards and Specification for Railway
Stations 2009 issued by Ministry of Railways,
Railway Board
35 IRS IRS Bridge Rules for Loading
36 IRS IRS Code of Practice for Steel Bridges
37 IRS IRS Code of Practice for Plain, Reinforced and Pre-
stressed Concrete for general Bridge Construction

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 38 IRS IRS Code of Practice for the Design of Substructures
and Foundation Bridges.
39 IRS B1, IRS Code specification for
fabrication and erection of steel girder bridges
40 IRS B5-(115) Rev 2 Guidelines for composite construction
including shear connector
41 IRS B5-(111) Rev Guidelines for use of high
friction grip bolt on bridge on Indian Railways.

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