BS (Chemistry) 4 years Programme (Combination I)

BS (Chemistry) 4 years Programme is held on Semester System comprising of eight (08)

semesters. The Scheme of Study of (1-4 semesters) is given below:

First Year
BS 1st Semester
Islamiat/Ethics 2 Credits
English-I 3 Credits
Computer 3 Credits
Botany-I 2+1 Credits
Zoology-I 2+1 Credits
Chemistry-I 3+1 Credits
Total Credit Hours: 18

BS 2nd Semester
Pakistan Studies 2 Credits
English-II 3 Credits
Elementary Mathematics-I 3 Credits
Botany-II 2+1 Credits
Zoology-II 2+1 Credits
Chemistry-II 3+1 Credits
Total Credit Hours: 18

Second Year
BS 3rd Semester
English-III 3 Credits
Elementary Mathematics-II 3 Credits
Botany-III 2+1 Credits
Zoology-III 2+1 Credits
Chemistry-III 3+1 Credits
Total Credit Hours: 16

BS 4th Semester
Introduction to Sociology 2 Credits
English-IV 3 Credits
Botany-IV 2+1 Credits
Zoology-IV 2+1 Credits
Chemistry-IV 3+1 Credits
Total Credit Hours: 15
 BS (Chemistry) 4 years Programme (Combination II)
BS (Chemistry) 4 years Programme is held on Semester System comprising of eight (08)
semesters. The Scheme of Study of (1-4 semesters) is given below:

First Year
BS 1st Semester
Islamiat/Ethics 2 Credits
English-I 3 Credits
Computer 3 Credits
Mathematics A-I 3Credits
Physics-I 2+1 Credits
Chemistry-I 3+1 Credits
Total Credit Hours: 18

BS 2nd Semester
Pakistan Studies 2 Credits
English-II 3 Credits
Mathematics A-II 3 Credits
Biology-I 3 Credits
Physics-II 2+1 Credits
Chemistry-II 3+1 Credits
Total Credit Hours: 18

Second Year
BS 3rd Semester
English-III 3 Credits
Mathematics A-III 3Credits
Biology-II 3 Credits
Physics-III 2+1 Credits
Chemistry-III 3+1 Credits
Total Credit Hours: 16

BS 4th Semester
Introduction to Sociology 2 Credits
English-IV 3 Credits
Physics-IV 2+1 Credits
Mathematics A-IV 3Credits
Chemistry-IV 3+1 Credits
Total Credit Hours: 15
 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (BS 1st Semester)

Module Code: Chem‐103

Module title: Chemistry‐I(Basic Inorganic Chemistry)
Name of Scheme: BS 1st Semester
Department: Institute of Chemistry
Faculty: Science
Discipline: Botany, Zoology, Chemistry
Module Rating: 3 credits

1. Periodicity
Diagonal and vertical relationship of first row element, electronegativity of elements
(Pauling and Mulliken scales), Polarizability and polarizing power of ions, periodicity in
the properties of outer transition and inner transition elements.

2. Chemical Bonding
Types of chemical Bonding, theories of chemical bonding, and prediction of molecular
shapes using valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPER) Model, Molecular orbital
theory applied to diatomic molecules, bonding in electron deficient compounds.

3. Acid-Base Concept:
General concept of acids and bases, detail of Lewis concept of acids and bases, Soft and
Hard acid-base (SHAB) concept and its application, relative strength of acids and bases
based on PKa value, Leveling effect, reaction of acids and bases, relationship between
redox reactions and acid base reaction, Indicators and theory of indicators.

4. Chemistry of d- Block Element:

Electronic configuration and oxidation states of transition elements, Nomenclature &
theories of coordination compounds, Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Molecular Orbital
Theory (MOT), and Crystal Field Theory (CFT) for octahedral complexes, Chelates,
Applications of Coordination compounds.
 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB (BS 1st Semester)

Module Code: Chem‐104

Module title: Chemistry‐I(Inorganic Chemistry lab)
Name of Scheme: BS 1st Semester
Department: Institute of Chemistry
Faculty: Science
Discipline: Botany, Zoology, Chemistry
Module Rating: 1 credit

 Basic Introduction to preparation of different types of Solutions.

ARGENTOMETRY
MOHR,S Method
 Determine the % purity of NaCl.
 Determine the amount of Cl-1 in given sample solution.
REDOX TITRATIONS
 Determine the amount/dm3 of FeSO4.7H2O hydrate using potassium dichromate.
 Determine of % of Iron in ferric Alum using K2Cr2O7.
 Determination of no. of water molecules in FeSO4.xH2O using K2Cr2O7.
ACID BASE TITRATIONS
 Determine the strength of given acid/base solution.

SALT ANALYSIS
 Separation and identification of two acid and two basic radicals from a mixture of two
salts.
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (BS 2nd Semester)

Module Code: Chem‐201

Module title: Chemistry‐II(Fundamentals of Organic
Chemistry)
Name of Scheme: BS 2nd Semester
Department: Institute of Chemistry
Faculty: Science
Discipline: Botany, Zoology, Chemistry
Module Rating: 3 credits

1. Basic concept in Organic Chemistry

Localized and Delocalized bonding, conjugation and hyperconjugation; applications,
resonance, resonance energy, rules of resonance, resonance hybrid, factor effecting the
resonance, inductive effect and applications, steric effect and its applications, hydrogen
bonding and its effect on various properties of organic compounds, tautomerism.

2. Chemistry of Hydrocarbons
Preparation of alkanes from coupling alkyl halide and alkyl boranes, , corey house
synthesis, Free radical reactions of alkenes with halogens with mechanism, comparision
of reactivities of halogens.
Preparations of alkenes from Pyrolytic elimination reactions. Relative stability and
reactivity of alkenes in terms of Hoffmann and Sytzeff rules, reaction of alkenes i.e.g
simon-smith and Diels- Alder reactions.
Preparation of alkynes by alkylation of terminal alkynes, reaction of alkynes;
hydroboration and hydration and formation of metal acetylides with mechanism.
Aromaticity, criteria for aromaticity, poly aromatic hydrocarbons like; benzene,
naphthalene, antharacene and phenantharene, their resonance structures and relative
stabilities, synthesis of naphthalene, orientation and reactivity of naphthalene,
electrophilic substitution of naphthalene, oxidation and reduction reaction of naphthalene.

3. Chemistry of Functional Groups

Alcohols: preparation of alcohols by reduction of carbonyl compounds, reaction of
alcohol with metals, organic and inorganic acid, oxidation, difference between primary
secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Phenols: synthesis of phenols, physical properties, reactions like; carbonation,
formylation and diazo coupling
Ethers: preparation of ethers from alcohols, alkyl halides and alkenes, physical
properties, reactions of ethers.
Carboxylic acids: Physical properties of acids, effect of various parameters on the
strength of aliphatic and aromatic acids, chemical properties like: nucleophilic acyl
substitution, decarboxylation,Hunsdicker reaction, substitution at α- carbon.
Acetoacetic and malonic ester synthesis.
Alkyl Halides: Preparation of alkyl halides from carboxylic acids, Nucleophilic
substitution(SN1 & SN2) and elimination reactions(E1 & E2) of alkyl halides, effect of
various parameters on rate of substitution and elimination reactions.
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB (BS 2nd Semester)

Module Code: Chem‐201

Module title: Chemistry‐II(Organic Chemistry Lab)
Name of Scheme: BS 2nd Semester
Department: Institute of Chemistry
Faculty: Science
Discipline: Botany, Zoology, Chemistry
Module Rating: 01 credit

1) Compound Analysis

Identification of organic compounds containing only one functional group with special

emphasis on compounds containing following functional groups.

-COOH, -OH, C=O, -NH2, and –CONH2

 2) Basic Experimental techniques used in organic chemistry

 Filtration
 Simple and fractional distillation
 Solvent extraction
 Sublimation
 Re-crystallization

3) Estimations (volumetric)

 Determination of molecular weight of a carboxylic acid.

 Estimation of glucose.

Recommended Books:

1. K.M.Ibne Raza, M.A. Rehman, Abdur Rehman, “Organic Chemistry”, The Carvan
Book House, Lahore.
2. B.S. Furniss, “Vogel’s T.B of Practical Organic Chemistry”, Addison Wesley
Longman, Inc. 1989.
3. Frederick George Mann and Saunder, “Practical Organic Chemistry”, The English
Language Book Society, 1960.
4. Daniel R. Palleras, “Experimental Organic Chemistry , John Willey & Sons” Inc.,
2000.
5. James A. Moore, “Experimental methods in Organic Chemistry”, Holt-Saunders Int.,
1983.
 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (BS 3rd Semester)
Module Code: Chem‐101
Module title: Chemistry‐III(Concept of Physical Chemistry)
Name of Scheme: BS 3rd Semester
Department: Institute of Chemistry
Faculty: Science
Discipline: Botany, Zoology, Chemistry
Module Rating: 3 credits

1. Chemical Thermodynamic
Equation of states, ideal and real gases, the vander waals equation for real gases, critical
phenomena and critical constants.
Extensive and intensive properties, molar heat capacities, second law of thermodynamics, concept
of entropy, entropy change in reversible and irreversible process, entropy change for an ideal gas,
entropy change due to mixing of ideal gases, effect of temperature and pressure on entropy,
concept of free energy, effect of temperature and pressure on free energy, relationship between
standard free energy and equilibrium constants.

2. Chemical Kinetics
Derivation of kinetics expression of zero order, first order, second order (with same and different
concentrations), nuclear decay as first order reaction, derivations for determining rate constants
and half life periods, measurement of order of the reaction with different methods, Arrhenius
equation and determination of various Arrhenius parameters.

3. Solutions and Colloids

Physical properties of liquids , surface tension, viscosity, refractive index etc.
Osmotic pressure and its measurements, abnormal colligative properties (association and
dissociation of solutes), fractional distillation and concept of azeotrops, concept of colloids,
classification of colloids, dialysis, electro-dialysis, sedimentation, precipitation, ultra filtration,
emulsions and gels, tyndall cone effect.

4. Surface Chemistry
Interface, Adsorption, types of adsorption at liquid surface, adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and
Langmuir), catalysis, and kinetics of enzyme catalysis.
Module Code: Chem‐102
Module title: Chemistry Lab‐III(Physical Chemistry)
Name of Scheme: BS 3rd Semester
Department: Institute of Chemistry
Faculty: Science
Discipline Botany, Zoology, Chemistry
Module Rating: 1credit

SYLLABUS OUTLINES
1. Preparation of standard molar, normal, molal and percentage solutions.

2. Standardization of secondary standard acids and bases solutions by volumetric methods.

3. Determination of surface tension, parachor and percentage composition by surface tension

measurement.

4. Determination of viscosity, rheochor and percentage composition by viscosity measurement.

5. Determination of refractive index, molar refractivity and percentage composition by

refractive index method.

6. Conductometeric and potentiometric strong acid-base titrations using conductometer and pH

meter respectively.

Recommended Books

1. Crocleford, H. D.,Biard, H. W., Getzen F. W. andNowell, J. W.,Laboratory Manual of

Physical Chemistry,2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, (1976).
2. Das, R. C. and Behera, B., Experimental Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., (1984).
3. Levitt, B. P.,Findlay’s Practical Physical Chemistry,9thed., Longman Group Limited,
(1972).
4. Bhatti, H.N. and Farooqi, Z. H.,Physical Chemistry Laboratory Manual for B.Sc
Students,Revised ed., Caravan Book House, (2014).
 GENERAL CHEMISTRY (BS 4th Semester)

Module Code: Chem‐201

Module title: Chemistry‐IV (General Chemistry)
Name of Scheme: BS 4th Semester
Department: Institute of Chemistry
Faculty: Science
Discipline: Botany, Zoology, Chemistry
Module Rating: 3 credits

5. Spectroscopy
Electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter, Development of spectroscopic
analytical techniques employing various transitions, Basic introduction to atomic and molecular
spectroscopic techniques include flame emission, spectrophotometry, UV/VIS and IR
spectroscopies.
6. Chemical industries and Metallurgies
Raw materials, manufacturing process and flow sheet diagrams of; Glass, Sugar, Urea
Metallurgies of; copper and iron.

7. Chemistry of Biomolecules
Basic introduction to Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, their classification,
importance and different reactions.
 Module Code: Chem‐204
Module title: Chemistry Lab‐IV (General Chemistry)
Name of Scheme: BS 4th Semester
Department: Institute of Chemistry
Faculty: Science
Discipline: Botany, Zoology, Chemistry
Module Rating: 1 credit

SYLLABUS OUTLINES
1. Preparation of buffer solutions.
2. Determine the lambda max of the given compounds spectrophotometrically.(i.e KMNO4,
K2Cr2O7)
3. Determine the concentration of unknown sample solution spectrophotometrically. .(i.e
KMNO4, K2Cr2O7)
4. Calibration of measuring apparatus e.g pipette, burette, measuring cylinder and
measuring flask.
5. Purification of the compounds using common ion effect.
6. Separate the Given mixture of ink by paper chromatography.
7. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.