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Science Notes

Complete your notes

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NOBLE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, DOHA-QATAR

CLASS NOTES (2022-23)

Subject: SCIENCE Class: IV

Chapter - 9
Soil erosion and soil conservation
I. Key words.
1. topsoil
2. subsoil
3. bedrock
4. humus
5. loam
6. porous
7. plantation
8. terrace farming
9. contour farming
10. embankment
II. Name the following.
1. Name two agents which bring about the soil erosion.
Ans. Water, Wind
2. Which layer of the soil is important for plants?
Ans. Topsoil
3. Name the outer layer of the earth we live on.
Ans. Crust
III. Define the terms.
1. Soil Erosion: Soil erosion is the natural process in which the topsoil is carried
away by physical sources such as wind and water.
2. Soil Conservation: Soil conservation is the prevention of loss of the top layer
of the soil from erosion.
3. Silt: The very rich and fertile soil deposited by the rivers along their banks is
called the silt.
4. Embankments: Embankments are the walls of rocks and stones that are built along
the river banks. Embankments and dams prevent soil erosion.
IV. Answer the following questions.
1. How is soil formed?
Ans. Soil is formed through the process of rock weathering. It is the breakdown
of rocks into smaller particles by water, air, change in temperature and
by living organisms.

2. What are the different layers of soil?


Ans. Soil has different layers, which are of different colours and compositions.
The different layers are:
a) Top soil: The topmost layer known as the topsoil. This layer is very soft,
loose and rich in humus. Seeds germinate here and roots of
most of the plants grow in this layer of the soil.
b) Sub soil: The second layer of soil that seen just below the topsoil layer
called subsoil. This layer is harder than topsoil and often grey
or red in colour.
c) Bed rock: The non-porous and hard bottom layer of the soil is called the
bedrock.

3. What is contour farming? What are the advantages of contour farming?


Ans. Contour farming or terrace farming is done in sloped farm lands, which are
generally, part of hills. The advantages of contour farming are,
▪ Effectively reduces the rate of soil erosion.
▪ Improve irrigation system and conserve water.

4. What are the different methods to prevent soil erosion?


Ans. The different methods to prevent soil erosion are:
• By plantation
• A cover crop is planted to prevent erosion.
• By terrace farming
• By constructing dams and embankments.

5. Can you explain why?


a) Topsoil is rich and fertile.
b) Soil cannot remain stationary.
Ans. a) Topsoil is rich in humus, water and air. Living things such as animals
and plants when die get decompose and mix with the topsoil. This
make this soil rich and fertile.
b) Soil cannot remain stationary as it changes with change in the weather
conditions like rainfall, high temperatures and winds. The natural
calamities like floods and landslides also changes soil.
V. Draw and label the diagram of layers of soil.
(Refer text book page No.64)

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