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Math 312 Test 1 Key

University of Bahrain

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Math 312 Test 1 Key

University of Bahrain

Uploaded by

fatma3300332
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© © All Rights Reserved
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University of Bahrain

Second Semester 2022-2023


Math 312 Test 1 (KEY)
March 26, 2023

Serial Number:

Student Name:

ID #: Section #:

Question Points Points Obtained


1 12
2 8
3 5
4 5
5 10
Total 40

• The test consists of 5 questions on 6 pages (including this cover page).

• You must write very clear proofs for questions 1,2,3 and 4.
Maths 312 Test 1 March 26, 2023

1. (12 points) Let R+ be the set of positive real numbers. Define new addition  and multipli-
cation on R+ by a  b = ab and a b = aln b . Then (R+ , ) is an abelian group (you do not
have to prove this). Prove that (R+ , , ) is a ring with unity.

(1) Let a, b, c ∈ R+ . We have (a b) c = aln b c = (aln b )ln c = a(ln b)(ln c)


ln c
Also a (b c) = a (bln c ) = aln(b ) = a(ln b)(ln c)
Therefore we see that (a b) c = a (b c).

(2) Let a, b, c ∈ R+ . We have a (b  c) = aln(bc) = aln(bc) = aln b+ln c


Also (a b)  (a c) = aln b  aln c = aln b+ln c
Therefore we see that a (b  c) = (a b)  (a c).

(3) Let a, b, c ∈ R+ . We have (a  b) c = ab c = (ab)ln c = aln c bln c


Also (a c)  (b c) = aln c  bln c = aln c bln c
Therefore we see that (a  b) c = (a c)  (b c).

(4) Let a ∈ R+ . We have a e = aln e = a. Also e a = eln a = a.

From (1), (2), (3) and (4) (R+ , , ) is a ring with unity e.
Maths 312 Test 1, Page 2 of 4 March 26, 2023

2. (8 points) Let I be an ideal in a ring R. Define [R : I] = {x ∈ R | rx ∈ I for every r ∈ R}.


Prove that [R : I] is an ideal of R.

(1) For any r ∈ R we have r0 = 0 ∈ I. Therefore 0 ∈ [R : I]. So [R : I] 6= ∅.

(2) Let x, y ∈ [R : I]. Then for any s ∈ R we have sx, sy ∈ I (?).


Let r ∈ R. We have r(x − y) = rx − ry
By (?) rx, ry ∈ I. Therefore rx − ry ∈ I since I is an ideal of R. It follows that x − y ∈ [R : I].

(3) Let x ∈ [R : I]. Then for any s ∈ R we have sx ∈ I (??).


Let r ∈ R. We will show that rx ∈ [R : I]. To show this, let t ∈ R. We need to prove that
t(rx) ∈ I.
We have t(rx) = (tr)x. By (??) (tr)x ∈ I. It follows that rx ∈ [R : I].

(4) Let x ∈ [R : I]. Then for any s ∈ R we have sx ∈ I (? ? ?).


Let r ∈ R. We will show that xr ∈ [R : I]. To show this, let t ∈ R. We need to prove that
t(xr) ∈ I.
We have t(xr) = (tx)r. By (? ? ?) tx ∈ I. Since I is an ideal of R, therefore (tx)r ∈ I. It
follows that xr ∈ [R : I].

From (1), (2), (3) and (4) [R : I] is an ideal of R.


Maths 312 Test 1, Page 3 of 4 March 26, 2023

3. (5 points) Let R be a commutative ring with unity. Let I be a maximal ideal of R. Prove that
I is a prime ideal of R.

Let I be a maximal ideal of R. Then R/I is a field (by a theorem we did in class).
Since R/I is a field, therefore R/I is an integral domain.
Since R/I is an integral domain, therefore I is a prime ideal of R (by a theorem we did in
class).

4. (5 points) An element a of a ring R is called nilpotent if an = 0 for some integer n ≥ 1. Now


let R be a commutative ring and let N be the set all the nilpotent elements of R. Then N
is an ideal of R (you do not need to prove this). Prove that R/N is a ring with no nonzero
nilpotent elements.

Let x + N be a nilpotent element of R/N . Then for some integer n ≥ 1 we have


xn + N = (x + N )n = 0 + N .
Therefore xn ∈ N . It follows that for some m ≥ 1 we have (xn )m = 0. So xnm = 0.
Therefore x ∈ N . So x + N = 0 + N .
Maths 312 Test 1, Page 4 of 4 March 26, 2023

5. (10 points) Label each of the following statements as True ( T ) or False ( F )

(i) The set S = {(2a, 3b) | a, b ∈ Z} is a prime ideal of Z × Z (F)

(ii) The ring M22 (Z) × Z8 × Z2 has characteristic 0 (T)

(iii) If R is a commutative ring and a ∈ R is a unit, then a is not a zero divisor (T)

(iv) If R and S are integral domains, then R × S is an integral domain (F)

(v) There exists an integral domain of characteristic 10 (F)

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