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8 Outlining Signposting

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27 views

8 Outlining Signposting

Uploaded by

vani3826
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compiled By:

Sajjad Iqbal Khan


M.Phil Applied Linguistics
[email protected]
Definition:
Outlining involves mentally organizing
the information you are listening to into
a structured format. This could involve
identifying main ideas, supporting
details, and the overall structure of the
content. By creating an outline in your
mind as you listen, you can better grasp
the key points and the relationships
between them.
Outlining
Key aspects of outlining:
Identifying Main Ideas:
Listen for the main points or central ideas of the
conversation, lecture, or presentation. These are the key
messages that the speaker wants you to take away.

Recognizing Supporting Details:


Pay attention to the supporting information that the
speaker provides to back up their main points. These
details help to clarify and strengthen the main ideas.
Outlining
Key aspects of outlining:
Organizing Information:
As you listen, try to organize the main ideas and
supporting details into a logical order. This might involve
categorizing information, identifying cause-and-effect
relationships, or understanding chronological sequences.

Visualizing the Structure:


Create a mental outline or visual representation of the
information. You might imagine a hierarchical structure
with main ideas at the top, sub-points below them, and
supporting details further down.
Outlining
Key aspects of outlining:
Note-taking:
If you're able to take notes while listening, use a
structured format such as bullet points or a mind map to
capture the main ideas and their relationships.

Reviewing and Reflecting:


After listening, take a moment to review your mental
outline and reflect on the key points. This can help
reinforce your understanding and retention of the
information.
SIGNPOSTING

Signposting is the practice of using


verbal cues to guide listeners through
the structure of a spoken discourse. This
can include phrases like "Firstly,
secondly, thirdly," or "In conclusion,"
which help listeners anticipate the flow of
information and understand how different
parts of the content relate to each other.
SIGNPOSTING
Examples:
Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly:
These words are used to indicate the order of points being made. For
example, "Firstly, we will discuss the benefits of exercise. Secondly, we
will explore healthy eating habits."

In Conclusion:
This phrase is used to signal that the speaker is about to summarize or
wrap up their main points. For example, "In conclusion, it's important to
prioritize self-care and maintain a healthy lifestyle."

On the other hand:


This phrase is used to introduce a contrasting point or perspective. For
example, "Exercise is important for physical health. On the other hand,
relaxation techniques are essential for mental well-being."
SIGNPOSTING
Examples:
Moreover, Furthermore:
These words are used to add information to what has already been
stated. For example, "Exercise is beneficial for physical health.
Moreover, it can also improve mood and reduce stress."
To sum up:
This phrase is similar to "In conclusion" and is used to signal the end of
a discussion and the summarization of key points. For example, "To sum
up, regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep are crucial for
overall health."
Let's recap:
This phrase is used to review or summarize what has been discussed so
far. For example, "Let's recap what we've covered today: the importance
of exercise, healthy eating, and stress management."
SIGNPOSTING
Purpose Signpost Language
•Today we are going to talk about…
•The topic of today’s lecture is…
•This morning we are going to take a look at…
Introducing the topic
•Today I’ll be talking about / discussing...
of the lecture •What I’m going to be talking about today is…
•The purpose of today’s lecture is…
•The subject/topic of my talk is ...

Explaining the lecture •In today’s lecture I’m going to cover three points.
structure (sections / •I’m going to divide this talk into three parts.
subtopics) •First we’ll look at….. Then we’ll go on to … And finally I’ll…

•Let’s start by talking about...


Introducing the first •To begin,…
section / subtopic or •Firstly,…
first of a list of points •I’ll start with,…
•The first advantage / reason / cause etc. is...
•We've looked at...
Finishing a section
•I’ve talked about….

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