GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION

Construction of special angles (900 and 600)

i) 900
- Draw a horizontal straight line and mark off its centre.
- Basing at the centre of the line, draw a semi-circle / two arcs
intersecting either side of the line.
- Use the two points of intersection of the arcs and the line to draw
two intersecting arcs above the straight line.
- Connect the point of intersection of the arcs to the centre of the
line.
- Each smaller angle formed measures 900.

(i) 600
- Draw a horizontal straight line and mark off its centre.
- Draw a big arc intersecting one side / either side of the line, basing
at the centre.
- Use the new point of intersection of the line and the arc to draw
another smaller arc to intersect the first one.
- Connect the point of intersection of the arcs to the centre of the
straight line.

1|P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
- The smaller angle formed is an angle of 600 while the larger angle is
1200

1200
60 0

New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 281 - 282

ACTIVITY
Using a pair of compasses, a ruler and a pencil only, construct the
following angles.
a) 900 c) 1200
b) 600
d) 2700

Bisecting angles
To bisect an angle means to divide that particular equally into two
parts.
When you bisect the special angles, other smaller angles are formed.
e.g
(i) Bisecting an angle of 900 forms that of 450
(ii) Bisecting an angle of 600 forms that of 300

Bisecting drawn angles

New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 280 - 28

2|P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Constructing perpendicular lines.
Constructing a perpendicular line XY through line PR
- Place the compass point at P draw two arcs, one above the line PR
and another below it.
- Place the compass at R and draw another arc intersecting the
first one respectively.
- Drop a straight line through the points of intersection of the
arcs. X

P R

Y
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 276
Construction of squares
Example
Using a ruler, pencil and a pair of compasses, construct a square PQRS
of side 3cm
(i)Draw a sketch. (ii) Follow the sketch to draw an accurate diagram.
Sketch Accurate diagram
S R
S R
P Q
3 cm

P 3cm Q
3|P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 257 - 258
Construction of rectangles
Example
Using a ruler, a pencil and a pair of compasses, construct rectangle
KLMN where KL = 7cm and LM = 5 cm. (ii) Follow the
sketch to draw an accurate diagram.
i) Sketch
N M

N M
5cm

K L 5cm
7cm

K L
ACTIVITY 7cm
Using a pair of compasses, a ruler and a pencil only, construct the
following.
1. A square ABCD where line AB = 5cm
Measure the length of its diagonal.
2. A square KLMN where line MN = 6cm
Measure the length of its diagonal
3. A rectangle WXYZ where line WX = 7cm and line XY = 5 CM.
Measure the length of its diagonal.
4. Below is a sketch of a rectangle.
D C

6cm

A B
8cm
4|P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 a) construct the rectangle
b) Work out the area of the triangle ABC
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 257 – 258
Constructing a square given the length of the diagonal
Examples
a) Using a pair of compasses, a ruler and a pencil only, construct a
square ABCD where diagonal AC = 5cm.
b) Measure the length of its side.
Sketch D C
D C
2.5 cm
5cm

A B 2.5 cm

A B
Length of the AB = 3.5 cm

ACTIVITY
1. a) Using a pair of compasses, a ruler and a pencil only, construct a
square PQRS where line PR = 10cm.
b) Measure the length of line RS.
2. Construct a square whose length of the diagonal is 3cm.
Measure the length of its side.
3. a) Using a ruler, a pencil and a pair of compasses only, construct a
square whose sketch is shown below.
E F
8cm

H G

b) Measure the length of side HG

5|P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Construction of triangles.
 When length of each of the three sides is given.
 When length of one side and two base angles are given.
 When lengths of two sides are given with an angle.
Examples
(i) Construct triangle RST such that RS = 6 cm, ST = 4 cm and angle
RST = 900
Sketch
Accurate diagram
T
T
4cm
4cm
R 6cm S

R 6cm S
Construct triangle XYZ in which XY = 7 cm, angle XYZ = 450, ZXY = 600
Sketch
Z Accurate diagram

Z
600 450
X 6 cm Y
600 450
ACTIVITY X 6cm Y
1. Construct a triangle ABC such that line AB = 5cm, line BC = 4 cm
and line AC = 4cm.
2. Construct a triangle RST where angle R = 600, angle S = 450 and
RS = 5cm

6|P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 3. Construct a triangle KLM in which angle K = 900, lines KL= Km =
6cm.
4. Construct a triangle RST such that RS = 6cm, RT = 7cm and angle
R = 900. Measure angle RST and line ST.
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 288 - 291

Construction of a regular hexagon.

Example
Construct a regular hexagon in a circle of radius 3cm
(i)Draw a circle of the given radius.
(ii) Use the same radius to mark off six arcs around the circle.
(iii) Connect the points such that a regular hexagon is formed.

3cm

Activity
1. Construct a regular hexagon in a circle of radius;
a) 3.5 cm
b) 2.5 cm
c) 4cm
2. Construct a regular hexagon in a circle of diameter;
a) 6 cm
b) 5cm
c) 7cm

New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 262

7|P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Construction of a regular pentagon
Note:
(i) A regular pentagon has all its five sides equal in length.
(ii) The centre angle / exterior angle of a regular pentagon is 720 ie
3600 ÷ 5 = 720
Example
Using a ruler, pencil and a pair of compasses, construct a regular
pentagon ABCDE in a circle of radius 2.5cm.
(i) Draw a circle of the given radius and mark its centre with letter
O.
(ii) Place your protractor at the centre “O” to measure and mark off
the centre angle (720)
(iii) Use the adjacent AB to mark off other points around the edge of
the circle.
(iv) Connect / join the points such that a pentagon is formed.

2. 5cm

Constructing regular polygons given length of sides

- Calculate the interior and exterior angles of the given polygon

- Draw a line AB of given measurements.

- Measure the interior angles at point A and B respectively.

- Mark the given measurements from A and B to get points C and D

respectively.

8|P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 - Repeat the above procedure until you get the asked polygon.

Examples

1. Construct a regular pentagon of side 5cm

E

Exterior angle
D 1080 1080 C
360 ÷ 5 = 72
0 0

Interior angle
1800 - 720 = 1080 1080 1080

A 5cm B

2. Construct a regular hexagon of side 6cm

E F
Exterior angle
3600 ÷ 6 = 600
Interior angle
D 1200 1200 C
180 - 60 = 120
0 0 0

1200 1200

A 6cm B

Activity

Construct the following polygons

1. A regular pentagon of side 5cm.

2. A regular hexagon of side 4.5 cm.

3. A regular octagon of side 4.5cm.

9|P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 CONSRUCTING PARALLELOGRAMS

- A parallelogram has two of its opposite sides parallel and equal.

Examples
1. Follow the following instruction and construct a parallelogram.
- Draw a line AB = 8 cm.
- Bisect line AB such that the perpendicular bisector meet line
AB at point O.
- Mark 4 cm on the perpendicular bisector from point O to get
point D.
- Join point A to D.
- Complete the construction such that line AB = line CD
Sketch Accurate diagram
C C
D D
4cm
4cm
cm
A O 8cm B

A O B
8cm

2. Using a pair of compasses, a ruler and a pencil only, construct a

parallelogram PQRS where line PQ = 8cm, line QR = 5cm and angle
SPQ = 600. Drop a perpendicular line from point S to meet line PQ at
point O. Measure line SO
S
Sketch R
S R
6cm
600 6cm

P 8cm Q 600
P O Q
ACTIVITY 8cm

10 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 1. Construct a parallelogram PQRS whose longer side QR = 7cm, angle
Q = 450 and the shorter side PQ = 4cm. measure the length of its
diagonals.
2. Construct a parallelogram ABCD where AB = 6cm, angle ABC = 1200
and line AD = 4.5cm. Measure the length of its diagonals.
3. Construct a parallelogram EFGH where EF = 8cm, EH = 6cm and
diagonal FH = 10cm. measure diagonal EG.
Constructing a Rhombus
- A rhombus has all sides equal.
- The diagonals intersect at an angle of 900
- Its opposite sides are parallel.
Examples
1. Construct a Rhombus PQRS where line PQ = 5cm, diagonal PR = 8cm
and diagonal QS = 6cm.
Sketch
S
R S R
3cm 4cm
4cm 3cm 4cm
3cm

P 5cm Q
4cm 3cm

P Q
5cm

2. a) Using a pair of compasses, a ruler and a pencil only, construct a

Rhombus ABCD where diagonal AC = 14cm and diagonal BD = 10cm.
D
b) Measure the length of its side. C
Sketch 5cm
D 7cm
C
5cm 7cm
7cm 5cm
7cm 5cm
11 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
A B A B
 Activity

1. Construct a Rhombus ABCD where AB = 6cm, diagonal AC = 10.4 cm

and line BD = 6cm. measure angle ABC.
2. Construct a Rhombus PQRS where QR = 7cm, angle Q = 450 and PQ =
3.5cm. Measure angle PRS.
3. Construct a Rhombus RSTU where triangle RSU is an equilateral
triangle of side 5cm. Measure line SU.
Constructing a trapezium
1. Construct a trapezium ABCD where line AB = 8cm, lines AC = BD =
5cm and angles ABC = BAC = 600. Measure line CD.
Sketch

C D C D

5cm 5cm
60 0
60 0

A 8cm B 600 600

A 8cm B

2. Construct a trapezium PQRS where line PQ = 7cm, line PS = 5cm, line

RS = 4cm angle QPR = 900 and angle PQR = 450. Measure line
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 259 - 265

LESSON 9
Constructing parallel lines
Lines are parallel only if they are unable to meet at any point.
Parallel lines keep the same distance apart at every point.
Example
Construct line CD parallel to line AB
i) Using a pair of compasses. ii) Using a protractor

12 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 A C C
A C
A

D
B
B D B D

New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 264 - 265

ACTIVITY
Draw lines parallel to the following lines.
Q

A B P
Y K

L
X
N E

13 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Identifying parallel lines
 // is the symbol for parallel lines.
 The arrows on lines show the which lines are parallel to each
other.
Example
Name the parallel lines in the diagram below.
C A

X Y

P Q

R S
D B

(i) AB//CD
(ii) XY//PQ//RS
(iii) XY is not //to AB.
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 266
Angle properties of parallel lines
A line which intersects a set of parallel lines is called a transversal line.
e.g

Transversal lines

When a transversal line intersects a pair of parallel lines, there are

several angles formed.

(a) Co-interior and co-exterior angles.

14 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Example 1 Example 2
y x
n m
Co interior) Co exterior)
m n
x y

Angles m + n = 1800 (co interior) Angles x + y = 1800 ( Co exterior)

New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 267 – 268

Examples
Find the value for the unknown angle.
a)
M + 600 = 1800
m
M + 600 - 600 = 1800 - 600
600
M = 1200

b) 2n 2n + 500 = 1800

2n + 500 - 500 = 1800 - 500

1 65
500 2n = 1300

2 2 1
1
Activity
Solve for the unknown.
a) c 4n

m 400
360 1080
73 0

b d
3k
3x

15 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 (b) Corresponding angles.
 Corresponding angles are equal.
Example 1
Example 2

1350 t
m r

m w 450
k h w

 Angle k is corresponding to angle m.

Angle k = m
 Angle t is corresponding to 450
Angle h = r
 Angle w is corresponding to 1350
Angle w = 1350
 Angle t is corresponding to angle 450.
Angle t = 450
Activity
Solve for the unknown
a)
c
k
1080
500
3x

b) 760 d 1260

M + 300
2y

New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 269 - 270

16 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
LESSON 13
(C) Alternate angles.
 Alternate angles are equal.
d g
600 m
y x h 500
- Angle x = 600 ( Alternate interior)
- Angle d = 500 (Alternate exterior angle.
- Angle m = y (alternate interior angles)
- Angle g = h (alternate exterior angles)
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 270 – 271
Activity
a)
760 1260
2y
M + 300

b) 1360 d
h

11y
480

Recognizing angles formed by parallel lines.

Example
Find the value of x in the figure below.

3x x + 200

600 1200
17 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 i) 3x + 600 = 1800 (co-interior angles)
3x + 600 – 600 = 1800 – 600
3x = 1200
3x = 1200
3 3
x = 400
(i) (x + 20) + 1200 = 1800 (co-interior angles)
Find the value of y
Angle a = 500
y Angle b = 700
70 0
50 0
70 0 b a 500
Angle y = 500 + 700

Y = 1200

New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 272 - 273

Activity
Find the values of the letters on the diagram.
a) c)

x 800

1500 y 3x

1100 400

b) 1200 d)
1200
x y
x
1500
50 0
y

Introduction to pythagoras theorem.

18 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Study the two triangles below.

Long side
(Hypotenuse)

(Opposite)
Short leg
a c

Short leg b
(Adjacent)

 The pythagoras theorem states that the sum of the square of the
opposite and the square of the adjacent is equivalent to the square
of the hypotenous.
a2 + b2 = c2
Finding the longest side (hypotenuse) of a right angled triangle.
Example
Find the value of h.
a2 + b 2 = c2
h 32 + 42 = h2
4cm (3 x 3) + (4 x 4) = h2 25 = h2
9 + 16 = h2
3cm 5=h
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 294 - 296

Finding the length of the short side of a right angles triangle.

Example
The longest side of a right angled triangle is 10cm and one of the
shorter sides is 8cm. find the length of the other side.
a2 + 82 = 102
10cm
a2 + 8 x 8 = 10 x 10
19 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T

8cm
 a2 + 64 = 100
a2 + 64 – 64 = 100 – 64
a2 = 36
a = 6cm
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 29
Activity
Find the missing side of each of the following triangle.
a) b) c)

h k 20dm
6cm 24cm y

8cm 7cm 12dm

m
d)
x e) 32cm f)
50mm
12m

13m 40cm b 48mm

a

An isosceles triangle and Pythagoras Theorem

Example
Given that PQ=PS =10cm, PR = 6cm and bisects angle QPS.
(i) Find thePlength of QS.
(RS)2 + (PR)2 = (PS)2 Line QS
10 cm (RS)2 + 62 = 102
6cm (RS)2 + 36 = 100 = (8 + 8) cm
(RS)2 + 36 = 100
= 16 cm
Q R S - 36 - 36
(RS)2 = 64

20 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 (RS)2 = 64
RS = 8cm
(ii) Calculate the perimeter of the figure above.
P = 10cm + 10cm + (8x2) cm
20 cm + 16 cm
= 36 cm

(iii) Find the area of the figure.

New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 299 - 300
Activity
1. PQR is an isosceles triangle. PQ is 13 cm
P
a) Find the value of x.
(2x + 1) cm
12cm b) Find the length QS

Q R S

2. Find the height, perimeter and the area of the following figures.

P
24 cm B
A
17 cm
h (X + 7) cm 15 cm

Q S
16 cm
C
Solid figures (prisms, cylinders and their properties)

Cylinder Rectangular prism Triangular prism

(Cuboid)
21 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Pyramids and their properties.
Names of pyramids come from the shape of their bottom face.

Tetrahedron Pentagon based Square based Square based

pyramid pyramid pyramid
Triangular pyramid
New MK Primary Mathematics Pupil’s Book 6 Page 301 - 306

Regular polygons
Name of polygon Number of sides
Equilateral triangle 3 sides
Square 4 sides
Pentagon 5 sides
Hexagon 6 sides
Heptagon 7 sides
Octagon 8 sides
Nonagon 9 sides
Decagon 10 sides
Nuodecagon 11 sides
Duodecagagon 12 sides

Facts about regular polygons

- The centre angle of all regular polygons is 3600.
- The sum of all exterior angle is 3600
- Interior and exterior angles of a regular polygon add up to 1800
Examples

22 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
1. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 1200. Find the size of its
exterior angle.
Let the exterior angle be y.
Interior angle + exterior angle = 1800
Y + 1200 = 1800
Y + 1200 – 1200 = 1800 - 1200
Y = 600
2. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 200 more than the size of
its exterior angle find the size of each;
i) Interior angle
ii) Exterior angle
Let the exterior angle be k
Exterior Interior Sum
k K + 200 1800
K + k + 200 = 1800
2k + 200 = 1800
2k + 200 – 200 = 1800 - 200 ii) Interior angle
2k = 1600 800 + 200
2 2
K = 800 = 1000
3. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 3 times the size of its
exterior angle. Find the size of each exterior and interior angle.
Exterior Interior Total
Y 3Y 1800
Y + 3Y = 1800 Y = 450 Interior angle
4Y = 180 0
Exterior angle = 450 x 3
4Y = 180 0

4. The
4 interior
4 and =exterior
450 angles of a regular polygon
= 1350
are in the ratio
of 2:3 respectively. Find the size of each exterior and interior
angles.
Total ratio = 3 + 2
=5

23 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Interior angle Exterior angle
3 x 1800 36
0

5 (1800 - 1080)
= 3 x 360 = 720
= 1080

Activity
1. The exterior angle of a regular polygon is 200. What is the size of
its interior angle?
2. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 360 more than the size
of its exterior angle.
a) Calculate the size of the exterior angle.
b) What is the size of its interior angle?
3. The interior and exterior angles of a regular polygon are in the
ratio of 3:7 respectively. Find the size of each angle.
4. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 5 times the size of its
exterior angle. Work out the size of each angle.
Finding number of sides of a regular polygon.
Number of sides of a regular polygon = all exterior angles
Each exterior angle (3600)
Examples
1. The exterior angle of a regular polygon is 720.
a) Work out the size of its exterior angle.
Exterior angle = 3600
720
= 5 sides
b) Name the polygon
A pentagon

2. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 1200.

a) How many sides has the polygon?
Let the exterior angle be y.

24 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Interior angle + exterior angle = 1800
Y + 1200 = 1800
Y + 1200 – 1200 = 1800 - 1200
Y = 600
Number of sides = 3600
600
= 6 sides
b) name the polygon
A hexagon

3. The interior and exterior angles of a regular polygon are in the ratio
of 2:7 respectively. Find the size of each exterior. Name the
polygon. Number of sides
Total ratio = 2 + 7 = 3600
=5
Interior angle 400
2 x 1800 20
0

= 9 sides
9
= 2 x 200 A nonagon
= 400
New mk primary mathematics book seven page 246
Activity
1. The exterior angle of a regular polygon is 300.
a) How many sides has the polygon?
b) Name the polygon.
2. The interior angle of a regular polygon is 1080.
a) What is the size of each exterior angle?
b) Name the polygon.
3. The interior and exterior angles of a regular polygon are in the ratio
1: 2. Name the polygon.
4. Calculate the number of sides of a regular polygon whose interior
angle is 4 times the size of its exterior angle.

25 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
5. 0ne of the exterior angles of a regular polygon is 180. How many
sides has the polygon?
Finding number of triangles in a given polygon. (triangulation)
- Triangulation is the formation of triangles in a regular polygon
from the common vertex.
- The number of triangles formed depends on the number of sides
the polygon has.
Illustration of triangulation
A square A pentagon A hexagon

1 2 3 1 2
3
2
1 4
Two triangles 3 triangles 4 triangles
Name of polygon Number Number of
of sides(n) triangles
Equilateral triangle 3 (3 - 2) = 1
Square 4 (4 – 2) = 2
Pentagon 5 (5 – 2) = 3
Hexagon 6 (6 – 2) = 4
Heptagon 7 (7 – 2) = 5
n (n – 2) = 2
Therefore number of triangles = n -2
Examples
1. How many triangles can be formed from an octagon?
n–2=8-2
= 6 triangles
2. If 10 triangles can be formed from a regular polygon. How many
sides has the polygon?
n – 2 = number of triangles
n – 2 = 10
n – 2 + 2 = 10 + 2

26 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 n = 12 sides
Activity
1. Find the number of triangles in a regular polygon whose number of
sides are; d) 18 sides?
a) 9 sides?
e) 36 sides
b) 13 sides?
c) 20 sides? f) 15 sides?
2. Calculate the number of sides of a regular polygon whose number of
triangles are;
a) 8 triangles
b) 7 triangles
3. Name the regular polygon whose number of triangles are;
a) 10 triangles
b) 14 triangles
c) 11 triangles
Finding number of right angles in a regular polygon.
- There are two right angles in a triangle.
- Therefore number of right angles = 2 (n - 2)
= 2n – 4
Examples
1. Calculate the number of right angles in a polygon with 5 sides
Number of right angles = 2 (n - 2)
= 2(5 - 2)
=2x3
= 6 right angles

2. Name the regular polygon with 12 right angles

2 (n – 2) = number of right angles
2n – 4 = 12
2n -4 + 4 = 12 + 4
2n = 16

27 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Activity
1. Find the number of right angles of a regular polygon with;
a) 5 sides
b) 7sides
c) 12 sides
2. Find the number of sides of a regular polygon whose number of right
angles are;
a) 18 right angles
b) 20 right angles
c) 24 right angles
3. Name the regular polygon whose number of right angles are;
a) 14 right angles
b) 16 right angles
c) 10 right angles

Interior angle sum

We can find interior angle sum in three ways.
1. Each interior angle x number of sides
2. Number of right angles (2n - 4) x size of each right angle (900)
3. Number of triangles (n - 2) x size of each triangle (1800).
Examples
1. One of the interior angles of a regular hexagon is 1200. Calculate
the interior angle sum of the polygon
Interior angle sum = interior angle x number of sides
= 1200 x 6
= 7200

2. Calculate the interior angle sum of a regular polygon with 7 sides.

Method 1 (triangulation) Method 2 (using right angles)
Interior angle sum = 180 (n – 2)
0
900(2n - 4)
= 1800(7 -2)
= 1800 x 5 900(2x7 - 4) = 900 x 10

28 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T 900(14 - 4) = 9000
 = 9000

Activity
1. The size of each interior angle of an equilateral triangle is 600.
Calculate its interior angle sum.
2. Calculate the interior angle sum of a nonagon whose interior angle is
400.
3. A regular polygon has 10 sides. Calculate its interior angle sum.
4. Calculate the interior angle sum of a regular nuodecagon.
5. A regular polygon has 20 sides. Calculate its interior angle sum.
More about interior angle sum
Examples
1. Each exterior angle of a regular polygon is 300. Calculate the
interior angle sum of the polygon.
Method 1 Method 2 Method 3
Number of sides = 3600 ÷ 300 1800(n - 2)
900(2n - 4)
=12 sides
Interior angle = 1800 -300 900(2x 12 - 4) 1800(12 - 2)
= 1500 1800(12 - 2)
900(24 - 4)
Interior angle sum = 150 x 12
0

= 18000 900 x 20 1800 x 10

= 18000 = 18000

Activity
1. Each interior angle of a regular polygon is 450. Calculate the
interior angle sum of the polygon.
2. The size of each interior angle of a regular polygon is 1400.
Calculate the interior angle sum of the polygon.
3. Calculate the interior angle sum of a regular polygon whose
exterior angle is 360.
4. The size of each interior angle of a regular polygon is 900.
Calculate its interior angle sum.

29 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 5. Find the interior angle sum of a regular polygon whose interior
angle is 1080.
6. A regular polygon has one of its exterior angle as 400.
a) How many sides has the polygon?
b) How many right angles has the polygon?
c) Calculate the interior angle sum of the regular polygon.
Solving problems involving interior angle sum.
Examples
1. The sum of interior angles of a regular polygon is 14400
a) How many sides has the polygon?
b) Find the size of each exterior
1800(n - 2) = number of right angles
angle.
1800 (n - 2) = 14400
1800n - 3600 = 14400 Exterior angle = 3600
1800n – 3600 + 3600 = 14400 + 3600
10
1800n = 18000
1800 1800 = 360
n = 10 sides

Activity
1. The sum of interior angles of a regular polygon totals to 12 right
angles.
a) How many sides has the polygon?
b) What is the size of each exterior angle?
2. The interior angle sum of a regular polygon is 12600.
a) Calculate the number of sides of the polygon.
b) Find the size of each interior angle.

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BEARING AND SCALE DRAWING

BEARING

There are two types of bearing.

i) True bearing
ii) Ordinary bearing.
Ordinary bearing.(direction)
- Ordinary bearing is measured from North or South towards
East or West.
N

W E

True bearing

- True bearing is measured from north in a clock wise direction.

- They are always given as 3-digit bearing e.g. 0300, 0590, 0990,
1230 etc. N

W E

Examples

1. Use the figure below to answer the questions that follow.

31 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 N a) What is the direction of;
N i) P from Q?
ii) Q from P?
b) Find the bearing of:
i) P from Q
P 56 0
ii) Q from P
Q
Solution

a) N
a) Direction
N i) P from Q? ii) Q from P
N560W S 560E
ii) Q from P
S560E
P 560 34
0
560
340
Q b) Bearing
i) P from Q ii) Q from P
= 2700 + 340 = 900 + 340
= 3040 = 1240

2. Study the diagram below and use it to answer

the questions that
N follow.
a) What is the direction of;
N
iii) M from K?
iv) K from M?
b) Find the bearing of:
1300
M iii) M from K
N
iv) K from M
K
N
b) Direction
j) M from K?
130 0
M N500E
500
500 ii) K from M
32 | P a g e M PKS M130
0
ATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT
S500W
b) Bearing
i) M from K ii) K from M
= 0500 = 1800 + 500
= 2300

Activity

1. N a) What is the direction of;

N i) A from B?
ii) B from A?
b) Find the bearing of:
i) A from B
B 35 0
ii) B from A
C

N a) What is the direction

2.
N of;
i) K from M?
iii) M from K?

M b) Find the bearing of:

60
0
i) K from M
K ii) M from K

3. N

N
a) What is the direction
of;
i) P from Q?
P 550 ii) Q from P?
Q b) Find the bearing of:
i) P from Q
ii) Q from P
33 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 More examples

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.

N
N

800 W E
B
W E
A
600 N
S
S 500
W E
B

S
Questions

1. What is the direction of;

a) A from B? c) B from A? e) C from B?
b) A from C? d) B from C? f) C from A?
2. Find the bearing of;
a) A from B? c) B from A? e) C from B?
b) A from C? d) B from C? f) C from A?
SOLUTION N
N
900
800 W 100 0 E
0 10 E
30 500C
W
0
A 30
600 N
S
S 60 50 0 0
300 400
W E
B

34 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T

S 600
1. Direction
a) A from B c) B from A? e) C from B?
N60 W 0
S600E N500E
b) A from C d) B from C? f) C from A?
S800W S500W N800E

2. Bearing
a) A from B b) A from C C) B from A
= 1800 + 900 + 300 = 1800 + 500+ 300 = 900 + 300
= 3000 = 2600 = 1200
0R OR OR
3600 - 600 3600 - 1000 1800 - 600
= 3000 = 2600 = 1200

d) B from C e) C from B f) C from A

= 0500 = 0800
= 180 + 50 0 0

= 2300
OR
3600 - 1300
= 2300
Activity
1. Study the diagram below carefully and use it to answer questions
that follow. N
N
850 W E
E C
W A
500 N
600 S
S
W B E
35 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T

S
 i) Find the direction of;
a) A from B c) B from A e) C from B
b) B from A d) B from C f) C from A
ii) What the bearing of;
a) A from B c) B from A e) C from B
b) B from A d) B from C f) C from A
2. Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow
N
Y E
W 65 0
550
N
S

N W E
250 75 Z

W X S

S
a) Find the direction of;
i) Y from X c) Y from Z c) X from Z
ii) X from d) Z from Y d) Z from X

OPPOSITE BEARING

- If the given bearing is less than 1800, the opposite bearing will
be 1800 plus the given bearing.
- When the given bearing is greater than 1800, the opposite
bearing will be the given bearing minus 1800.
Examples
1. The bearing of town A from town B is 0300. Find the bearing of
town B from town A.
36 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 N
Bearing of town B from
town A
W A E
0
= 1800 + 300
30
= 2100
N S
0
30

W B E

S
2. The bearing of the church from the market is 2550. What is the
bearing of the market from the church?
N
N Market

Church
075 0
W E Bearing of the market
2550
W E from the church
S = 2550 + 1800
S = 0750
Activity

1. Find the bearing of B from A in the following diagrams

N
N
a N b
N

1450
B 350 A
A
B
N N
N d
c N

650
B
37 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
B
A
A
 1. The bearing of town X from town Y is 2900. What is the bearing
of town Y from town X?
2. The bearing of town R from town T is 0500. Find the bearing of
town T from town R.
3. Find the bearing of H from G if the bearing of G from H IS 3300
The bearing of Q from P is 0800. What is the bearing of P from Q?
Scale drawing

There are three types of scales

- Linear scale/ bar scale.

- Statement scale
- Ratio scale
Examples
1. If 1cm on a map represents 10km on land,
what will be the actual distance of;
a) b) 2.5cm
5cm c) 2.5cm
5 x 10km x 10km x 10km
= 50km
= 25km = 25km

2. If 1cm represents 10km, what will be the distance on the map that
represents the following actual distance?
a) 80km b) 150km b) 1100km
x 10km x 10km
= 8cm = 15cm = 110cm

3. Given that the scale on a map is 1:480,000. Find the actual distance
on the ground in km represented by 5cm on a map.
38 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 1cm on the map represents 480,000cm on land.
5cm represents (480000 x 5)
= 2,400,000cm
But 100000cm = 1km

2,400,000cm =

= 24km

Activity
1. What will be the actual length on the ground that is represented by
the following length on the map?
a) 4cm
b) 7.5cm
c) 13cm
2. What will be the actual length on the ground that represents the
following length on the map?
a) 90km
b) 120km
c) 145km
3. Given that the scale on the map is 1:1,200,000. Find the actual
distance on the ground in km represented by;
a) 4 cm
b) 6cm
c) 7.5cm
Scale drawing
Examples
1. Town K is 40km east of town L and town M is 30km north of town L.
a) using a scale of 1cm to represent 10 km, draw an accurate diagram
to show the three towns.
39 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 b) What is the shortest distance between towns K and L?
Sketch
M

b) 40km b) 30km
30km

L 40km K = 4cm = 3cm

Accurate diagram
M
Shortest distance
= 5cm
3cm
= 5 x 10km
L 40cm K = 50km

2. Town b is 350km away from town a on a bearing of 1300 and town c

is 300km away from town b on a bearing of 0600
a) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 50km, draw an accurate
diagram showing the three towns.
b) Find the shortest
N distance between towns A and C

Sketch Accurate diagram

N N
N
1300 N N
A 600 C 1300 W E
C
350km 300km W A
B N
7cm 6cm S
600
S
= 7cm = W B E

7cm
S
40 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T
 Activity

1. A plane moved 40km southwards from town P to town K. Iit then left
town K and flew eastwards for 30km to town Q.
a) Draw the sketch to show the above flight.
b) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 5km, draw an accurate
diagram to show the above flight.
c) What is the shortest distance in km between P and Q.
d) Find the bearing of P from Q.
2. An Air craft left town K and flew westwards to town P which is 63
km away. It then left town P and flew northwards for 53km to town
Z.
a) Using a scale of 1km to represent 9km, draw an accurate
diagram to show the above flight.
b) Find the shortest distance between towns K and Z
3. A school library is 800m west of the dinning hole and the staff room
is 600m south of the school library.
a) Draw a sketch diagram showing the location of the three places.
b) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 100kn, draw an accurate
diagram showing the location of the three places.
4. A military plane leaves base K and flies 60km westwards to base B.
It then flies 80km northwards to base C.
a) Draw a sketch to show the rout taken by the plane.
b) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 10km, construct an accurate
diagram to show the above flight.
c) Find the shortest distance in km from base K to base C.

41 | P a g e M P S M A T H E M A T I C S D E P A R T M E N T