SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

A COURSE BASED REPORT (IOT and Applications)

ON
“Smart garbage disposal system”
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
(Computer science)

Submitted by

Swaraj S (R23EF272)
Swati Chinivalar (R23EF273)
Tanishk A V (R23EF278)
Saugath (R23EF242)

Under the guidance of

V. Eswari
Assistant Prof, School of ECE,
REVA University

June 2024
Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064
www.reva.edu.in

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 DECLARATION

We, SWARAJ S(R23EF272) etc… students of B.Tech, belongs to School of Computer Science
Engineering,(CSE) REVA University, declare that this IOT Report “SMART GARBAGE
DISPOSAL SYSTEM” is the result of work done by us under the supervision of V. Eswari,
Assistant Professor, School of ECE REVA University, Bengaluru.

We are submitting this Report in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of
Course in IOT and Applications in I-Semester of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and
Communication Engineering (Degree Name) by the REVA University, Bengaluru during the
academic year 2023-2024.

(Signature of the Students)

June 2024

Certified that this work submitted by Mr. Ullas Kumar S (R14EC001) etc …. has been carried
out under our guidance and the declaration made by the candidates is true to the best of our
knowledge.

Signature of Faculty Signature of Director

Date: June 2024 Date: June 2024
Official Seal of the School

Name of the Examiner with affiliation Signature with Date

1.

2.

List of Contents Page No.

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List of Figures and Tables 4

Abstract 5

Chapter-I 1.1 Introduction 6

1.2 Objectives
1.3 Layout
Chapter-II 2.1 Literature Survey 7

2.2 Comparison Table

Chapter-III 3.1 Proposed Work 9

3.2 Results and Analysis

Chapter-IV 4.1 Conclusion 10

4.2 Future Scope

References 11

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 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1: Different Speech Enhancement Technique ----------------------------------40

Figure 2: Recognition Efficiency of Isolated Clean Hindi Digits----------------------54

Table 1: Recognition Results of Clean, Noisy and De-Noised Speech Using MFCC Features
and HMM Classifier-----------------------------------------------------------------------------55

Table 2: Recognition Results of Clean, Noisy and De-Noised Speech Using MFCC Features
and HMM Classifier-----------------------------------------------------------------------------57

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 Abstract

In the realm of Internet of Things (IoT), the integration of smart technologies into
everyday objects has revolutionized efficiency and convenience. This project focuses on
designing and implementing a Smart Garbage Disposal System using Arduino Uno
microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, and a servo motor. The system aims to automate the
opening and closing of a garbage bin lid based on the garbage level detected by the
ultrasonic sensor.

The ultrasonic sensor serves to measure the distance to the top surface of the garbage,
determining when the lid should open to allow for trash disposal. Upon detection of a near-
full condition, the Arduino Uno triggers the servo motor to open the lid, facilitating easy
disposal without the need for manual interaction. After a set duration, the lid automatically
closes to contain odors and pests.

Key considerations include the selection and integration of components, programming of

the Arduino Uno to interpret sensor data and control the servo motor, and ensuring
robustness and reliability through testing and calibration. The system is designed to
enhance user convenience, promote cleanliness, and optimize waste management practices
in both residential and commercial settings.

Through this project, the feasibility and practicality of employing IoT solutions in waste
management are demonstrated, showcasing how simple yet effective automation can
contribute to sustainable and efficient urban environments.

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 Chapter-I: Introduction

1.1. Introduction

In recent years, the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has transformed
traditional household and industrial systems into intelligent, interconnected entities. One area
where IoT innovations have shown significant promise is in waste management. The concept
of a Smart Garbage Disposal System leverages sensors and actuators to automate the process
of waste collection and disposal, thereby enhancing efficiency, hygiene, and convenience.

This project focuses on developing a Smart Garbage Disposal System using an Arduino Uno
microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, and a servo motor. The core idea revolves around using
ultrasonic sensors to detect the level of garbage within a bin. When the garbage reaches a
predefined threshold, the system triggers a servo motor to open the bin's lid automatically,
allowing users to dispose of trash without manual intervention. After a specified period, the
lid closes, ensuring containment of odors and pests.

By implementing such a system, households and public spaces can reduce the manual effort
involved in waste disposal while maintaining cleanliness and improving overall waste
management practices. This introduction outlines the project's objectives, the components
used, and the expected benefits of integrating IoT technology into everyday waste
management routines.

1.2. Objectives

2. Automation of Garbage Disposal: Implement a system that automates the opening and
closing of a garbage bin lid based on real-time detection of garbage level using ultrasonic
sensors.

3. Enhanced Convenience and Hygiene: Provide users with a convenient and hygienic
method to dispose of trash without the need for manual intervention, thereby reducing
contact with potentially unsanitary surfaces.

4. Optimized Waste Management: Improve waste management efficiency by ensuring timely

disposal and preventing overflow, which can lead to littering and environmental hazards.

5. Energy Efficiency: Design the system to operate efficiently, minimizing power consumption
while maintaining reliable operation over extended periods.

6. User-Friendly Interface: Develop a simple and intuitive user interface, possibly through
indicators or notifications, to inform users when the bin is ready for disposal or when
maintenance is required.

7. Scalability and Adaptability: Ensure the system's design allows for scalability,
accommodating different sizes and types of garbage bins, and adaptability to various
environmental conditions.

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8. Promotion of IoT in Everyday Applications: Demonstrate the practical application of IoT
technologies in improving everyday tasks like waste management, showcasing their potential
for enhancing urban living standards.

9. Education and Awareness: Raise awareness about sustainable waste management practices
by showcasing the benefits of automated systems in reducing environmental impact and
promoting cleanliness.

1.3 Layout

Circuit Diagram and Block Diagram :

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 Chapter–II: Review on Existing Literature

2.1 Literature Survey

 Introduction to IoT in Waste Management:

 Explore the evolution and significance of IoT technologies in transforming traditional

waste management practices.
 Discuss the benefits of IoT in enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving
environmental sustainability in waste management.

 Sensor Technologies for Garbage Monitoring:

 Review various types of sensors used for garbage level monitoring, including ultrasonic
sensors, infrared sensors, weight sensors, and capacitive sensors.
 Compare their advantages, limitations, and suitability for different types of waste bins
(e.g., indoor, outdoor, residential, commercial).

 Automated Garbage Disposal Systems:

 Study existing automated garbage disposal systems that integrate sensors and actuators to
automate the opening and closing of garbage bin lids.
 Analyze case studies and projects that demonstrate successful implementation of such
systems in real-world settings.

 Technological Platforms and Microcontrollers:

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  Evaluate popular microcontrollers and platforms used in IoT-based waste management
systems, such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and ESP8266/ESP32.
 Discuss their capabilities, programming environments, and integration with sensor
networks.

 Energy Efficiency and Sustainability:

 Investigate strategies for optimizing energy consumption in IoT-based waste

management systems to enhance sustainability.
 Review studies on the environmental impact and cost-effectiveness of implementing
automated waste disposal technologies.

 User Interface and Accessibility:

 Explore user interface designs and accessibility features in smart garbage disposal
systems, including feedback mechanisms for users and maintenance personnel.
 Discuss the importance of intuitive interfaces in promoting user acceptance and adoption
of IoT technologies in waste management.

 Challenges and Future Directions:

 Identify challenges and limitations encountered in current IoT-based waste management

systems, such as sensor accuracy, reliability in harsh environments, and scalability.
 Propose future research directions and innovations to overcome these challenges and
further enhance the effectiveness of smart garbage disposal systems.

 Conclusion:

 Summarize key findings from the literature survey.

 Highlight the potential of IoT technologies to revolutionize waste management practices
and contribute to sustainable urban development.

2.2 Arduino UNO

The Arduino Uno is a popular and versatile microcontroller board widely used in electronics
projects and prototyping. Here’s a brief overview of its key features and capabilities:

1. Microcontroller: The Arduino Uno is based on the ATmega328P microcontroller, which

operates at 16 MHz and has 32 KB of Flash memory for storing program code, 2 KB of
SRAM for variables, and 1 KB of EEPROM for long-term storage.
2. Digital and Analog I/O: It features 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used
as PWM outputs), allowing it to interface with various sensors, actuators, and other
electronic components. Additionally, there are 6 analog input pins for reading analog
signals.

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 3. USB Interface: The Uno can be powered and programmed via a USB connection to a
computer. It uses a standard USB Type-B connector for communication and
programming.

4. Power Options: It can be powered either via the USB connection or an external power
supply (7-12V DC) connected to the power jack. The board includes a voltage regulator
that provides stable 5V and 3.3V outputs for powering external components.

5. Programming Environment: Arduino Uno is programmed using the Arduino Integrated

Development Environment (IDE), which simplifies writing, compiling, and uploading
code to the board. The programming language is based on Wiring, a simplified variant of
C++.

6. Versatility: Due to its simplicity, affordability, and extensive community support, the
Arduino Uno is suitable for a wide range of applications, from simple blinking LED
projects to more complex IoT applications involving sensors, actuators, and wireless
communication modules.

7. Expandability: Arduino Uno is compatible with a variety of shields—plug-in boards that

expand its functionality, such as Ethernet, WiFi, motor control, and LCD displays—
making it adaptable to different project requirements.

8. Open-Source: Arduino Uno is based on open-source hardware and software, fostering a

large and active community that contributes libraries, tutorials, and projects, enhancing
its accessibility and versatility for makers and developers worldwide.

Overall, the Arduino Uno's combination of ease of use, affordability, and extensive community
support makes it an excellent choice for beginners and experienced electronics enthusiasts alike
for experimenting with and implementing electronic projects.

Chapter-III: Work, Results and Analysis

4.1 Work

1. Project Planning and Research:

o Define project objectives, scope, and requirements.

o Conduct research on existing technologies, components, and feasibility.

2. Component Selection and Procurement:

o Choose suitable components such as Arduino Uno board, ultrasonic sensor, servo
motor, and power supply.
o Procure necessary components from suppliers or online stores.

3. Circuit Design:
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 o Design the electronic circuit layout using tools like Fritzing or a similar software.

o Plan connections between Arduino, sensors, motor, and power supply.

4. Prototyping and Assembly:

o Build a prototype of the garbage disposal system using breadboards and jumper
wires.
o Assemble components inside the garbage bin or on a suitable mounting platform.

5. Programming:
o Write code for the Arduino Uno using the Arduino IDE or another compatible
development environment.
o Program the Arduino to read data from the ultrasonic sensor, interpret it to
determine the garbage level, and control the servo motor to open and close the lid
accordingly.
6. Testing and Calibration:
o Test the system to ensure the ultrasonic sensor accurately detects garbage levels.

o Verify the servo motor opens and closes the lid smoothly based on sensor
readings.
o Calibrate sensor thresholds and motor movements as necessary for optimal
performance.
7. Integration and Refinement:
o Integrate all components into the final system configuration.

o Fine-tune the software and hardware interactions to ensure reliability and

responsiveness.
8. Documentation and Reporting:
o Document the project including circuit diagrams, code snippets, and assembly
instructions.
o Prepare a report detailing the project’s objectives, methodologies, results, and
conclusions.
9. Deployment and Maintenance:
o Deploy the smart garbage disposal system in the intended environment (e.g.,
home, office, public space).
o Provide user instructions and support for ongoing maintenance and
troubleshooting.
10. Evaluation and Feedback:
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 o Gather feedback from users to assess usability and functionality.

o Evaluate the system's performance against initial objectives and make any
necessary improvements or optimizations.

By following these steps, you can effectively plan, develop, and implement a smart garbage
disposal system using Arduino Uno, ensuring a systematic approach to achieve your project
goals. Adjustments may be needed based on specific project requirements and environmental
considerations.

4.2 Results and Analysis

Upon implementation, the Smart Garbage Disposal System demonstrated robust functionality
and practical utility in managing waste disposal processes. The integration of the Arduino Uno
microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, and servo motor effectively automated the lid operation of
the garbage bin based on real-time garbage levels sensed by the ultrasonic sensor. Through
extensive testing, the system consistently responded to varying trash levels, promptly opening
the lid when nearing full capacity and closing it after a designated time interval, thus containing
odors and deterring pests effectively. The Arduino Uno's programming successfully interpreted
sensor data to execute precise servo motor movements, ensuring smooth lid operation without
glitches. This automation not only enhanced user convenience by eliminating the need for
manual lid handling but also promoted cleanliness and sanitation in both residential and
commercial settings. Moreover, the project highlighted the feasibility of IoT solutions in waste
management, illustrating how such technologies can contribute to sustainable urban
environments by optimizing waste disposal practices and minimizing environmental impact
through efficient resource utilization.

Chapter-IV: Conclusion & Future Scope

5.1 Conclusion

In conclusion, the Smart Garbage Disposal System designed and implemented using Arduino Uno
microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, and a servo motor has proven to be a practical and efficient solution
for automating waste management processes. By automating the opening and closing of the garbage bin
lid based on real-time garbage levels, the system has significantly enhanced user convenience and
promoted cleanliness in both residential and commercial environments. The successful integration and
functionality of the system underscore the potential of IoT applications in optimizing waste
management practices. Moving forward, further refinements could focus on enhancing system
robustness, exploring additional sensor capabilities, and integrating with broader smart city
infrastructures. Overall, this project exemplifies how IoT technologies can contribute to sustainable
urban living by improving waste disposal efficiency and environmental hygiene..
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5.2 Future Scope

The Smart Garbage Disposal System presents several avenues for future development and
expansion. One area of focus could be enhancing the system's intelligence through advanced data
analytics and machine learning algorithms. By analyzing historical data on garbage levels and
user behavior, the system could predict usage patterns and optimize waste collection schedules,
further improving efficiency and resource utilization.

Additionally, integrating wireless connectivity, such as IoT protocols like MQTT or LoRa, could
enable real-time monitoring and remote management capabilities. This would allow municipal
authorities or facility managers to monitor multiple garbage bins from a central dashboard,
receive alerts for full bins, and optimize collection routes, thereby reducing operational costs and
environmental impact.

Furthermore, exploring renewable energy sources to power the system, such as solar panels or
kinetic energy harvesting from lid movements, could enhance sustainability and reduce
dependency on external power sources.

Expanding the system's functionality to include sorting capabilities for recyclables or integrating
with smart grid technologies to optimize energy consumption are also promising areas for future
research and development. These advancements would not only further enhance urban
cleanliness and efficiency but also contribute to building smarter, more sustainable cities.

In conclusion, the Smart Garbage Disposal System lays a strong foundation for ongoing
innovation in IoT-based waste management solutions, offering significant potential for
enhancing urban living environments in the years ahead.

References

1. Gupta, A., Verma, S., & Jain, S. (2018). IoT based smart waste management system. In
2018 Second International Conference on Computing Methodologies and
Communication (ICCMC) (pp. 137-140). IEEE.

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 2. Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., & Ayyash, M. (2015).
Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications.
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(4), 2347-2376.

3. Khan, M. S., Zafar, S., Shahid, A., & Haq, I. U. (2019). Smart waste management system
using ultrasonic sensors and Zigbee technology. In 2019 9th International Conference on
Innovative Computing Technologies (INTECH) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

4. Xu, C., Wang, L., Sun, S., Sun, Z., & Peng, W. (2017). Design and Implementation of
Smart Garbage System Based on Internet of Things. In 2017 10th International
Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (pp. 12-15). IEEE.

5. Chong, Z. J., Soon, N. Y., Teck, W. T., & Chong, W. Y. (2016). IoT based garbage
monitoring system. In 2016 3rd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)
(pp. 124-127). IEEE.

6. Kim, K. H., Yun, Y., Lee, B., Lee, Y. G., & Kim, H. (2018). Robotic Waste Collection
System Based on Internet of Things. In 2018 International Conference on Information
and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC) (pp. 1586-1588). IEEE.

7. Sivakumar, S., & Gopinathan, A. (2020). Design and Development of a Smart Waste
Management System using IoT. In 2020 International Conference on Communication and
Signal Processing (ICCSP) (pp. 149-152). IEEE.

8. Abdullah, R., Mohamed, N., Mokhtar, S. H., & Othman, M. (2021). Smart Waste
Management: Design and Development of Mobile Application System. In Proceedings of
the 12th IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC) (pp. 37-
42). IEEE.

9. Kaur, P., Chauhan, D., Kaur, A., & Kumar, R. (2020). Internet of Things (IoT) based
Smart Waste Management System. In 2020 11th International Conference on Computing,
Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

These references cover a range of topics related to IoT-based waste management systems and
provide valuable insights into existing research and developments in the field.

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