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Evaporation Unsolved Problems

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Ahmed Tareq B
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132 views

Evaporation Unsolved Problems

Uploaded by

Ahmed Tareq B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1/ A single effect evaporator is to concentrate 2.

5 kg/sec of 20% solution of sodium hydroxide


to 50% solids. The gauge pressure of steam is to be 137 atm. The absolute pressure in the vapor
space is to be 1400 mmHg. The overall coefficient estimated to be 1400 W/m 2.ko. The feed
temperature is 38℃. Calculate the amount of steam, and the heating surface required.
Given:
Boiling point of water at 1.37 atm = 126 ℃
Boiling point of water at 100 mmHg = 51 ℃
Specific heat = 4.18 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔. 𝑘
𝜆 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2262 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔
𝜆𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 2176 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔

Q2/ Determine the heating area required for the production of 10,000 𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟, of 50% from 10%
NaOH feed entering at 100 ℉. Evaporation is to be carried out in a single-effect evaporator for
which overall coefficient of 500 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟𝑓𝑡 2 . ℉ is expected. Saturated steam available at 50
psi and the evaporator can be operated at 10 psi vacuum relative to a barometric pressure of
14.7 psi. Boiling point range (BPR) is 78℉. Use steam table for additional data.
Q3/An evaporator is used to concentrate 4536𝑘𝑔⁄ℎ𝑟 of 20% soild of NaOH solution entering
at 60℃ to produce 50% solid. The pressure in the vapor space of evaporator is 11.7 kPa. Overall
heat transfer coefficient is 1560 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 . 𝑘. Calculate the steam used, the steam economy and
area. Given:
Boiling point of water at 11.7 kPa = 49 ℃
Boiling point of water at 142.4 kPa = 115 ℃
Boiling point rise = 40℃
Specific heat = 4.18 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔. 𝑘
𝜆 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2383 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔
𝜆𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 2662 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔

Q4/A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 7kg/s of a solution from 10 to 50wt%
of solid. Steam is available at 205kN/m2 ,and evaporation takes place at 13.5kN/m2 ,if the
overall heat transfer coefficient is 3205kW/m2.k.Calculate the heating surface required and
the amount of steam used if the feed to the evaporator is at 294k.

The specific heat of solution is :-


10% solution = 3.7kJ/kg.k
50% solution = 3.14kJ/kg.k
Q5/ Apple juice is being concentrated in a natural circulation single effect evaporator. At steady state
conditions, dilute juice is the feed introduced at a rate of 0.67 kg. s -1. The concentration of the dilute
juice is 11% total solids. The juice is concentrated to 75% total solids. The specific heats of dilute apple
juice and concentrate are 3.9 and 2.3 kJ/kg. 0C, respectively. The steam pressure is measured to be
304.42 kPa. The inlet feed temperature is 43.3 0C. The product inside the evaporator boils at 62.2 0C.
The overall heat transfer coefficient is assumed to be 943 W.m-2.0C-1. Assume negligible boiling point
elevation. Calculate the mass flow rate of concentrated product, steam requirements, steam economy,
and the heat transfer area.

Q6/ A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 5000 kg/h of solution of sodium
hydroxide from 10% to 25% solids. Steam is available at 143.27 KPa absolute; the vapor
space is maintained at 62.745KPa gage pressure. The feed enters at its boiling point
corresponding to the vapor space pressure. Calculate:
1. the steam consumption per hour.
2. if the available heat transfer area is 35m2 estimate the heat transfer coefficient.

Q7/

Q8 / An existing forced-circulation evaporator is to be used to concentrate 44 wt% NaOH to 65 wt%


NaOH using steam at 3 atm gage (barometer reads 1 atm). The feed temperature will be 40°C and the
pressure in the vapor space of the evaporator will be 2.0 psia. The evaporator has a heat-transfer area
of 232 m2. The overall heat-transfer coefficient for the given conditions is estimated to be 2,000
𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 . ℃. The density of the feed solution is 1,450 kg/m3.Neglect heat losses from the evaporator.
Determine:
(a) The temperature of the solution in the evaporator in ℃ .
(b) The heating steam requirement in kg/h.
(c) The m3/h of feed solution that can be sent to the evaporator.
(d) The kg/h of concentrated NaOH solution leaving the evaporator.
(e) The kg/h of concentrated NaOH solution leaving the evaporator

Q9/A single effect evaporator is fed with 5000 kg/h of solution containing 1 % solute by
weight. The Feed temperature is 303 K and is to be concentrated to a solution of 2 % solute
by weight. The evaporation is at atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) and the area of the
evaporator is 69 m2. Saturated steam is supplied at 143.3 kPa as a heating medium. Calculate
the steam economy and the overall heat transfer coefficient.
Q10/

Q11/ A double-effect forward feed evaporator is required to give a product consisting of 30%
crystals and a mother liquor containing 40% by weight of dissolved solids. Heat transfer
coefficients are 2.8 and 1.7kW⁄m2 . K in the first and second effects respectively. Dry saturated
steam is supplied at 375 kN/m2 and the condenser operates at 13.5 kN/m2 .
1.What areas of heating surface is required in each effect (both effects to be identical) if the
feed rate is 0.6 kg/s of liquor containing a 20% by Weight of dissolved solids and the feed
temperature is 313 K.
2. what is the pressure above the boiling liquid in the first? take the specific heat capacity of
the liquid as constant at 4.18 kJ/kg. k and neglect effects of boiling-point rise and of the
hydrostatic head.

Q12/

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