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Paper (6) A Review On EMG/EEG Based Control Scheme of Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robots For Stroke Patients

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Aftab Khan
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15 views

Paper (6) A Review On EMG/EEG Based Control Scheme of Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robots For Stroke Patients

Uploaded by

Aftab Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Paper (6) A Review on EMG/EEG Based Control Scheme

of Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robots for Stroke


Patients
The different types of robotic exoskeletons for upper limb stroke rehabilitation together with
control strategies involving EMG and EEG signals are discussed in this paper. The paper
describes history and future of exoskeleton devices, beginning with the year 1960 and the
purpose of their use in providing motor functions to the stroke patients.
Target Region Type of Sensor Used Advantage
9- sEMG electrodes and one Range of motion and user-exoskeleton
Elbow and wrist
load cell coupling
Arm Myo Armband Lightweight and home-based used
2- electrodes (Personal-EMG,
Elbow joint Wearable and comfortable
Osaka
The comfortable, lightweight, and sleek profile
Elbow joint MyoWare
and strong
Effective force transmission and tendon-
Hand Myo Armband
driven systems
Elbow, wrist, and Compact, lightweight and low-power
Pair of sEMG electrodes
fingers requirement
Hand Pair of sEMG electrodes Low cost and lightweight
Comfortable, lightweight, simple, and
Wrist MyoWare and gyroscope
low cost
Wrist and hand 150 embedded electrodes Portable, comfortable and lightweight.
Low cost and allows for autonomous finger
Hand Myo Armband
movement.
Table 6.1: Classification of Upper Limb Exoskeletons
Thus, the needs of multi DOF exoskeletons accompanied with use of EMG and EEG for
control are described as crucial for classification. The paper also subdivides the various
exoskeleton kinds and control techniques, but mainly discussing their efficiency to
neurorehabilitation.
These systems are critically dependent on the integration of EMG and EEG signals. It is
crucial to use EMG signals in order to control the muscle contracting and to have the ability
to translate a patients’ intentions into motion. Yet, signals originating from paralyzed limbs
are normally low amplitude, thus possibly reducing the utility of these systems. While
compared to the other readings like the ECG, the EEG recording of the signals delivers the
non-invasive brain activity measurement which in conjunction with the motor and the brain
functions can be synchronized during the rehabilitation. The use of integrated EMG/EEG has
proven to have better results in controlling exoskeleton outcomes resulting from higher
patient engagement and motion intentions.
Some of the control strategies and sensor applications used when proposing the idea for the
use of EMG and EEG for real-time movement control are explained throughout the paper.
The paper also presents the topic of application of EEG-based neurofeedback techniques in
cognitive and psychological rehabilitation. Soft exoskeletons are appreciated for their
comfort and light-weighting, nonetheless they do not always provide the similar control as of
hard ones.
In general, the comparison of these and other exoskeletons shows the effectiveness of such
approach in the range of rehabilitation applications: from the healthy people to those who had
stroke. Most of the work sixty-four percent employed electromyography (EMG) to measure
muscle activity during tasks including elbow and wrist flexion/extension; the same study fifty
percent used electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the brain activity most often used
together with EMG. For instance, upper limb exoskeletons and robotic hands were useful in
the engagement of movements like grasping and flexing the fingers as captured by
differences in success across tasks and participants. These technologies are crucial in aiding
motor function and rehabilitation since the data show an expansion in emergent research from
2017 to 2023, of exoskeleton technology. In general the studies give evidence of the
possibilities that exoskeletons can enhance the rehabilitation process and the quality of life of
the stroke survivor as well as enhance primary ability in healthy individuals.
The paper also discusses the present rehabilitation methods reflecting on the format on
sample, frequency and duration to enhance the measurement of recovery. Here, the authors
suggest that while Rehabilitation Outcomes with EEG/EMG Systems has provided great
insight and inspiration in upper limb stroke rehabilitation, more research and large-scale
clinical trial are still on the way to maximize the efficacy of EEG/EMG based robotic
exoskeletons.

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