V.

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their
meanings remain unchanged.

1. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended it.

Had it ________________________________________________________________

2. We shall not announce the decision formally.

→No formal______________________________________________________________

3. The trip was so amazing that we will never forget it.

It's too ________________________________________________________________

4. Your silly questions distracted me.

You drove________________________________________________________________

5. She was so disgusted at the way her friend behaved that she refused to speak to him.
Such________________________________________________________________

6. Mike is never reluctant to make tough decisions as a manager. (SHRINKS)

________________________________________________________________

7. The film is similar to Shakespeare's Hamlet in a number of ways.

(RESEMBLANCE)

The film________________________________________________________________

8. He is determined to become a doctor. (HEART)

________________________________________________________________

9. Alison bought the big house because she wanted to open a hotel. (VIEW)

Alison bought_____________________________________________________________

10. We feel uncomfortable in the house (FISH)

________________________________________________________________

A. Supply the correct forms of the words in parentheses.

There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of today. Such is the pressure
heaped on many school-goers to achieve academic excellence by their parents that these
1_______ (real) expectations are causing children to become hopelessly depressed.
Indeed, some, in their 2_______ (despair) to escape and their sense of guilt at being
unable reach the levels of success demanded of them by their 3_______ (push)
parents, either rebel in what is 4_______ (amount) to a cry for help, or, worse still,
engage in 5_______ (harm). It is no coincidence that suicide rates, expecially
amongst young males, have been rising steadily for some time now. These are tough times
to be a teen. Then there are those who get hooked on the internet; the 6 _______
(virtue) world becomes their reality. For these teens, their social circle shrinks 7_______
(drama) until, at last, their friendship sphere is limited solely to their online 8_______
(bud). Not alone do they commonly suffer from sleep 9_______ (private) on
account of their destructive addiction to game play and net-surfing, their behaviour may
become so _______ (err) and peculiar over time as to be considered 10_______
(social) . And while they sit at their computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation
from the real world, such is the lack of exercise they get that their calorie intake far
exceeds what is necessary for them to maintain a stable weight. In essence, due to their
sedentary lifestyle, their weight 11_______ (rocket) until such time as they
become morbidly obese.

Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs, A-H.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings
below.
Advantages of public transport

A new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University's Institute for
Science and Technology Policy (ISTP) has demonstrated that public transport is
more efficient than cars. The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into
transport by thirty-seven cities around the world. This included both the public and
private costs of building, maintaining and using a transport system.
The study found that the Western Australian city of Perth is a good example of a
city with minimal public transport. As a result, 17% of its wealth went into
transport costs. Some European and Asian cities, on the other hand, spent as
little as 5%. Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director, pointed out that these more
efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or
creating a better place to live.
According to Professor Newman, the larger Australian city of Melbourne is a
rather unusual city in this sort of comparison. He describes it as two cities: 'A
European city surrounded by a car-dependent one'. Melbourne's large tram
network has made car use in the inner city much lower, but the outer suburbs
have the same car-based structure as most other Australian cities. The explosion
in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests
a recent change in many people's preferences as to where they live.
Newman says this is a new, broader way of considering public transport issues. In
the past, the case for public transport has been made on the basis of
environmental and social justice considerations rather than economics. Newman,
however, believes the study demonstrates that 'the auto-dependent city model is
inefficient and grossly inadequate in economic as well as environmental terms'.
Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most
'bicycle friendly' cities considered - Amsterdam and Copenhagen - were very
efficient, even though their public transport systems were 'reasonable but not
special'.
It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with
good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their
particular city. One objection is climate. Some people say their city could not
make more use of public transport because it is either too hot or too cold.
Newman rejects this, pointing out that public transport has been successful in
both Toronto and Singapore and, in fact, he has checked the use of cars
against climate and found 'zero correlation'.
When it comes to other physical features, road lobbies are on stronger ground.
For example, Newman accepts it would be hard for a city as hilly as Auckland to
develop a really good rail network. However, he points out that both Hong Kong
and Zurich have managed to make a success of their rail systems, heavy and
light respectively, though there are few cities in the world as hilly.
A
In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over
another is politics: 'The more democratic the process, the more public transport is
favored.' He considers Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this. Some years
ago, federal money was granted to build a new road. However, local pressure
groups forced a referendum over whether to spend the money on light rail
instead. The rail proposal won and the railway worked spectacularly well. In the
years that have followed, more and more rail systems have been put in,
dramatically changing the nature of the city. Newman notes that Portland has
about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the
time.
B
In the UK, travel times to work had been stable for at least six centuries, with
people avoiding situations that required them to spend more than half an hour
travelling to work. Trains and cars initially allowed people to live at greater
distances without taking longer to reach their destination. However, public
infrastructure did not keep pace with urban sprawl, causing massive congestion
problems which now make commuting times far higher.
C
There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live
farther out where cars are the only viable transport. The example of European
cities refutes that. They are-often wealthier than their American counterparts but
have not generated the same level of car use. In Stockholm, car use has actually
fallen in recent years as the city has become larger and wealthier. A new study
makes this point even more starkly. Developing cities in Asia, such as Jakarta
and Bangkok, make more use of the car than wealthy Asian cities such as Tokyo
and Singapore. In cities that developed later, the World Bank and Asian
Development Bank discouraged the building of public transport and people have
been forced to rely on cars -creating the massive traffic jams that characterize
those cities.
D
Newman believes one of the best studies on how cities built for cars might be
converted to rail use is The Urban Village report, which used Melbourne as an
example. It found that pushing everyone into the city centre was not the best
approach. Instead, the proposal advocated the creation of urban villages at
hundreds of sites, mostly around railway stations.
E
It was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to
more dispersal in the population as people were no longer forced into cities.
However, the ISTP team's research demonstrates that the population and job
density of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of decline.
The explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people working in
related fields together. 'The new world will largely depend on human creativity,
and creativity flourishes where people come together face-to-face.'

Reading Passage has five marked paragraphs, A-E.

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Avoiding an overcrowded centre
ii A successful exercise in people power
iii The benefits of working together in cities
iv Higher incomes need not mean more cars
v Economic arguments fail to persuade
vi The impact of telecommunications on population distribution
vii Increases in travelling time
viii Responding to arguments against public transport

1 Paragraph A

2 Paragraph B

3 Paragraph C

4 Paragraph D
5 Paragraph E

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading

Passage?
In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

6 The ISTP study examined public and private systems in every

city of the world.

7 Efficient cities can improve the quality of life for their inhabitants.

8 An inner-city tram network is dangerous for car drivers.

9 In Melbourne, people prefer to live in the outer suburbs.

10 Cities with high levels of bicycle usage can be efficient even

when public
IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 points)

Choose the best answer

1. They will open three manufacturing plants ------- the end of next year.

A. on B. to C. by D. of

2. If you wish to see this famous acupuncturist, you will be placed ------- a waiting list as
this kind of treatment is very much in demand these days.

B. to C. at D. on A. in

3. After you have left the aircraft, please collect your luggage and clear it ------ customs
before you exit the main airport terminal.

A. through B. into C. towards D. at

4. If you are walking late at night in this neighborhood, try to be conscious ------- your
surroundings at all times.
A. of B. to C. that D. on

5. You will be able to contact the members of the life insurance company -------
telephone only, because all their computer facilities are off-line today.

A. through B. on C. by D. in

6. I would like to------- a request to see the chairman of the board whenever he has free
time.

A. put in for B. put up with C. put out be D. go out to

7. He ------- third out of a number of other gold medalists who entered the marathon this
year.

A. came out B. came in C. arrived in D. came through

8. I know that you are ------- a very difficult time presently, but please don't take it out on
me.

A. going on C. going through B. moving up D. experiencing through

9. In light of new evidence in this case, I think we can now------- the list of suspects to 3.

A. narrow down B. cut down C. get by D. show around

10. Most of his associates have moved to the the central office, so he is planning to
put------- a transfer to go there next year.

A. out for B. out of C. into D. in for

Some people think that being able to communicate with others online is breaking
down geographical barriers and enabling people, who would normally never have the
chance to meet, to communicate.What are the advantages of international
communication online? Are there any disadvantages to this? Write an essay at least
250 words
Online Communication: Advantages and Disadvantages

Keep in touch with Giữ liên lạc với ai

Be addicted to something : nghiện cái gì

Form virtual relationships Hình thành các mối quan hệ ảo

 technological advances ≈ technological developments: những tiến
bộ trong công nghệ
  social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter: mạng xã hội
như Facebook hay Twitter

 to interact through computers rather than face to face: tương tác

thông qua máy tính thay vì trực tiếp

Advantages:
• Breaks down geographical barriers: Facilitates global interaction, fostering a sense of
global community.
• Enhances cultural exchange: Promotes understanding of different cultures, traditions, and
perspectives.
• Facilitates business and trade: Revolutionizes business operations, leading to increased
international trade and economic growth.
• Provides access to information and education: Access to vast information and educational
resources worldwide empowers individuals.
• Strengthens social connections: Helps maintain and strengthen relationships with distant
friends and family.

Disadvantages:
• Language barriers: Can lead to misunderstandings and cultural differences.
• Lack of nonverbal cues: Difficulty in understanding and interpreting messages.
• Privacy concerns: Risk of cyberbullying and harassment.
• Social isolation: Overreliance on online communication can reduce face-to-face
interactions.
• Digital divide: Exacerbates social inequalities and limits opportunities for people in
developing countries.