BASIC STATISTICS

FOR
COMMERCE
F. Y. B.COM.
(SEM - I)

REVISION STUDY
MATERIAL
ON
UNIT 1 & 2
[For OBJECTIVE Exam only]

PUBLISHER

Shri Balaji Prakashan

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Publisher of Educational Study Materials
17, Sansthavasahat, Nr. Hotel Utsav, Pratap Road, Dandia Bazar, Raopura, Vadodara. Mob. 9924040043
 iNDEX
SECTION TITLE PAGE NO.

SECTION - A SOME QUICK REFERENCES ON UNIT 1 & 2 03

SECTION - B MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ON UNIT 1 & 2 08

SECTION - C KNOWLEDGE TESTING QUESTIONS ON UNIT 1 & 2 17

Revision Study Material on Unit 1 & 2 (For Mid Sem Exam of First Year B.Com Sem - 1)

First Edition : January 2024

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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2

SECTION - A : SOME QUICK REFERENCES ON UNIT 1 & 2

1. Meaning of Statistics
Sense General Meaning Most accepted definition
Plural Collection of facts in Definition gien by Prof. Horace Secrist
figures or simply data “By Statistics we mean...,
Aggregates of facts, Affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes,
Numerically expressed, Enumerated or estimated according to a
reasonable standard of accuracy, Collected in a systematic manner,
for a Pre - determined purpose and Placed in relation to each other”
Singular Statistical methods. Definition given by Croxten and Cowden
A science which includes “Statistics is the Science of Collection, Organisation,
methods of dealing with Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of numerical

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data data.”

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2. Data are -

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(1) Qualitative (2) Quantitative

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- Nominal - Discrete

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- Ordinal - Continuous
3. Measurement of Scale

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1) Nominal - Named Variables

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2) Ordinal - Named + Observed Variables
3) Interval - Named + Observed + Proportionate interval between Variables ati
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4) Ratio - Named + Observed + Proportionate interval between Variables + Accomodation of Absolute Zero
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4. Organization of Quantitative Data (Frequency Distribution)
1) Array - Arranging raw data in an ascending or descending oder
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2) Discrete Frequency Distribution - Values of variable are presented individually along with respective
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frequencies
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3) Grouped Frequency Distribution - Values of variable (Discrete) presented in groups or classes in inclusive
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form (i.e. with gap) of classification.

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4) Continuous Frequency Distribution - Values of variable (Continuous) presented in groups or classes in

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exclusive form (i.e. without gap) of classification.

..
..

5. Relative Frequency Distribution

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A relative frequency is the class frequency expressed as a ratio of the total frequency. The distribution of such
..

relative frequency is known as Relative frequency distribution.

..
..

Relative frequency = Class frequency

..

Total frequency
..
..

6. Cumulative Frequency Distribution

..

If one want to know the total number of observations getting a value ‘less than’ or ‘more than’ a particular value of
..

the variable, cumulative frequency distribution which is modification of given frequency distribution is obtained.
..
..

i) Less than type commulative frequency: Less than C.F. for any value of the variable is obtained by adding
..

successively the frequencies of all the previous class, including the frequency of class, against which the
..

total are written provided values are written in ascending order of magnitude.
ii) More than type commutative frequency: More than C.F. for any value of the variable/ class is obtained by
adding successively the frequencies of all the success ding classes including the frequency of class against
which the total are written provided values are written ascending order.
7. Graphical Presentation
There are two types of graphs : (i) Time series graphs or Historigrams (ii) Frequency distribution graphs

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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
8. Graphs of Frequency Distribution
The most commonly used graphs for charting frequency distributions are-
(a) Histograms
- For ungrouped data
- For distribution having equal class interval
- For distribution having unequal class interval
(b) Frequency Polygons
(c) Frequency Curves
(d) Ogives (Cumulative Frequency Curve)
- Less than Ogive (‘S’ Shape)
- More than Ogive (‘Reverse S’ Shape)
9. General comparison between all Central Measures
Basis of Arithmetic Geometric Harmonic
Median Mode

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Comparison Mean Mean Mean
Type of Avg. Mathematical Positional Positional Mathematical Mathematical

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Calculation Based on all Not based on Not based on Based on all Based on all

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observations all observations all observations observations observations
Capable of further

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Yes No No Yes Yes
algebraic treatment

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Affected by Highest effect No effect No effect Less effect Least effect

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extreme values than A.M. but

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more than H.M.
Array Not required Required
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Not required Not required Not required
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Cannot be Can be Can be Cannot be Cannot be
Graphical
located located located located located
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Presentation
graphically graphically graphically graphically graphically
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Not in case of
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Rigidly defined Yes continuous No Yes Yes

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series
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Can be Cannot be Cannot be Can be Can be

Combined
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combined combined combined combined combined

..

Open - end Cannot be Can be Can be Cannot be Cannot be

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classes determined determined determined determined determined

..

unless unless unless

..
..

assumption assumption assumption

..

is made is made is made

..

Unequal Can be No effect Cannot be Can be Can be

..
..

Interval obtained but obtained obtained but obtained but

..

results are unless results are results are

..

unreliable re-classified unreliable unreliable

..
..

Usage Widely used in Useful to To find out To compute To compute

..

statistical analysis analyse most popular the rate of the average

..

and in business qualitative item or size of growth or rates like speed,

..

to calculate Avg. data like readymade decline. mileage etc.

Income, Prodn. intelligence, garments/
etc. beauty etc. shoes etc.

4
 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
10. Relationship between Mean, Median and Mode 16. Relationship based on properties of Mode
Type of Distribution Relatioship (i) Mode is dependent on change of origin as well as
Symmetrical Mean = Median = Mode on change of scale.
Positively Skewed Mean > Median > Mode (ii) Mode can be calculated when open-ended class
Negatively Skewed Mean < Median < Mode intervals are given but it is not the most appropriate
measure of central tendency in such situation.
Moderately Skewed Mode = 3(Median) - 2(Mean)
(iii) Mode can be obtained graphically.
11. Relationship between A.M., G.M. and H.M.
(Graphical Tool : Histogram)
All same observations A.M. = G.M. = H.M.
17. Relatioships of Positional Measures
Moderately and asymmetrical A.M. > G.M. > H.M.
(i) M = Q2 = D5 = P50
For a set of two positive
observations OR 2
(ii) Q1 = P25, Q3 = P75
G.M. = A.M.  H.M. (iii) D1 = P10 , D2 = P20 , D3 = P30 , D4 = P40 ,
For observations which are
in G.P. D6 = P60 , D7 = P70 , D8 = P80 , D9 = P90

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12. Relationship based on properties of A.M. 18. Range of Central 50% observations = Q1 to Q3

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(i) (x - ) = 0 [For frequency distribution, f(x - ) = 0] i.e. P25 to P75
(ii) (x - )2 = Minimum i.e. (x - )2 < (x - A)2 Range of Central 40% observations = D3 to D7

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(iii) A.M. is dependent on change of origin as well as on i.e. P30 to P70

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change of scale. Range of Central 60% observations = D2 to D8

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(iv) A.M. of n natural numbers = 1/2(n + 1) i.e. P20 to P80
(v) A.M. of of first n odd natural numbers = n 19. General Rules for all Central Measures

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vi) A.M. cannot be calculated when open-ended class (i) Central Measure of a

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intervals are given unless some assumptions are made single observation = Observation itself
(vii)A.M. cannot be obtained graphically. ati
(ii) Central Measure of a
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13. Relationship based on properties of G.M. series of same observations = Observation itself
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(i) G.M. is dependent on change of origin as well as on (iii) All Central Measures are dependent on change of
change of scale. origin as well as on change of scale.
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(ii) G.M. cannot be calculated when open-ended class (iv) All Central Measures are not free from unit of
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intervals are given. measurement.

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(iii) G.M. cannot be calculated if any of the observations 20.

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is zero or negative (i) A measure of dispersion is indicative of the reliability

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(iv) G.M.is applied when compounding rates are to be averaged. of the average.
..

14. Relationship based on properties of H.M. (ii) Dispersion is also known as second order averages.
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(i) H.M. is dependent on change of origin as well as on

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(iii) All absolute Measures of Dispersion (i.e. Range,

change of scale.
..

Q.D., M.D.,S.D.) are independent of change of origin

..

(ii) H.M. cannot be calculated when open-ended class but dependent on change of scale
..

intervals are given.

..

i.e. If two variables x and y are related as y = a + bx,

(iii) H.M. cannot be calculated if any of the observations is zero
..

then....
..

(iv) H.M. is applied when rates are to be averaged.

(a) Range of y = I b I × Range of x
..

(v) H.M. of 1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, ..... 1/n = 2/n + 1

..

(b) Q.D. of y = I b I × Q.D. of x

15. Relationship based on properties of Median
..

(i)  x - M = Minimum i.e.  x - M <  x - A (c) M.D. of y = I b I × M.D. of x

..

(d) S.D. of y = I b I × S.D. of x

..

(ii) Median. is dependent on change of origin as well as

..

on change of scale. (iv) Absolute measures of dispersion are not free from
..

(iii) Median is used while dealing with qualitative data. unit of measurement.
(iv) For a symmetrical distribution M = 1/2(Q1 + Q3) (v) Relative measures of dispersion are free from unit of
(v) Median canbe calculated when open-ended class measurement.
intervals are given. (vi) For comparing two or more distributions, relative
(vi) Median can be obtained graphically. measure of dispersion is considered.
(Graphical Tool : Ogive) (vii)For a single observation, all measures of dispersion
are zero

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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
(viii)For a series of same observation, all measures of 24. Relationship based on properties of S.D.
dispersion are zero (i) S.D. of one observation = 0
(ix) Any measure of dispersion can not be negative (ii) S.D. of two observations = 1/2(Range)
21. Relationship based on properties of Range n2 - 1
(iii) S.D. of first n natural numbers =
(i) For a symmetrical distribution : 12
Highest Value of Observation = A.M. + /2(Range)
1 n2 - 1
i.e. Variance of first n natural numbers =
Lowest Value of Observation = A.M. - 1/2(Range) 12
(ii) Range is the quickest measure of dispersion to
compute. (iv) Variance of first n odd natural numbers = n2 - 1
(iii) For open end distribution, range can not be determined. OR Variance of forst n even natural numbers 3
22. Relationships based on the properties of Q.D. (v) S.D. of series of same observations = 0
(i) Q.D. is also known as semi - inter quartile range. (vi) x2 = n (2 + 2)
(ii) For open ended distribution Q.D. is the appropriate (vii)For a symmetrical distribution :

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68.27% observations lie within ± 

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measure of dispersion.
(iv) Q.D. is based on only central 50% of the observation. 95.43% observations lie within ± 2

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(v) Q.D. is the positional measure of dispersion. 99.73% observations lie within ± 3

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23. Relationships based on the properties of M.D. (viii)S.D. was introduced by Prof. Karl Pearson.
(i) M.D. based on median is always less than M.D. based (ix) S.D. is considered as the best measure of dispersion

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on mean and mode. 25. Relationship between S.D. and Variance

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(ii) M.D. is used in forecasting of trade cycles by Variance = (S.D.)2

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economists.

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26. General comparison between all measures of dispersion
Basis of Range Quartile Mean ati Standard
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Comparison Deviation Deviation Deviation
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Calculation Not based on all Not based on all Based on all Based on all
observations observations observations observations
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Capable of further
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No No No Yes
algebraic treatment
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Affected by
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Yes No Yes Yes

extreme values
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Open - end Cannot be Can be Cannot be Cannot be

..

classes determined determined determined determined

..
..

27. For a moderately skewed series...

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(i) Q.D. < M.D. < S.D. (iii) Q.D. = 2/3 S.D.  S.D. = 3/2 Q.D.
..

(ii) M.D. = 4/5 S.D.  S.D. = 5/4 M.D. (iv) Q.D. = 5/6 M.D.  M.D. = 6/5 Q.D.
..
..

28. Basic understandings on Skewness

..

Symmetrical Mean=Median = Mode Q3 - M = M - Q1, Maximum frequency at centre

..

Positively Skewed Mean > Median > Mode Q3 - M > M - Q1, Maximum frequency on lower values
..
..

Negatively Skewed Mean < Median < Mode Q3 - M < M - Q1, Maximum frequency on higher values
..

Note : Skewness means the ‘lack of symmetry’.

..

29. (i) The coefficient of skewness may be positive, negative or zero

..
..

(ii) For Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness

..

 If mode is defined then value of coefficient of skewness lies between - 1 to +1

 If mode is ill - defined then value of coefficient of skewness lies between - 3 to +3
(iii) Bowley’s coefficient of skewness always lies between - 1 to +1
(iv) For open - end distribution Bowley’s coefficient of skewness is suitable.

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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
30. Measure Change of origin Change of scale
A.M. Dependent Dependent
G.M. Dependent Dependent
H.M. Dependent Dependent
Median Dependent Dependent
Mode Dependent Dependent
Range Independent Dependent
Q.D. Independent Dependent
M.D. Independent Dependent
S.D. Independent Dependent
31. Let Y = 2 + 3X Let Y = 18 - 2X
Measure Old Value New Value Old Value New Value
(for X) (for Y) (for X) (for Y)

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A.M. 6 20 6 6

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G.M. 5 17 5 8
H.M. 3 11 3 12

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Median 3.9 13.7 3.9 10.2

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Mode 4 14 4 10

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Range 28 84 28 56
Q.D. 13.8 41.4 13.8 27.6

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M.D. 12 36 12 24

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S.D. 8 24 8 16
Variance 49 441 49 ati 196
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32. (i) Correlation coefficient always lies between - 1 and 1
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(ii) Correlation coefficient is independent of change of origin as well as change of scale.

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(a) r (X,Y) = r(U,V)* where U = X - b & V = Y - d ; a,c  0

a c
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(b) r(X,Y) = r (U,V)* where U = b + aX & V = d + cY ; a,c  0

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(c) r(- X,Y) = r(X, - Y) = - r (X,Y)

(d) r(- X, - Y) = r(X,Y)
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*Note : r(X,Y) = r(U,V) [If a & c are of same sign] and r(X,Y) = -r(U,V) [If a & c are of opposite signs]
..

(iii) Two independent variables are uncorrelated but converse is not true. Hence r = o for independent variables
..
..

(iv) Correlation does not imply cause effect relationship but cause effect relationship always implies correlation.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2

SECTION - B : MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ON UNIT 1 & 2

BASED ON UNIT - 1
1. Statistics is concerned with 12. The UCB is
(a) Qualitative information (a) An upper limit to UCL (b) A lower limit to LCL
(b) Quantitative information (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) (a) or (b)
(c) (a) or (b) 13. Frequency density corresponding to a class
(d) Both (a) and (b) interval is the ratio of
2. An attribute is (a) Class frequency to the total frequency
(a) A qualitative characteristic (b) Class frequency to the class length
(b) A quantitative characteristic (c) Class length to the class frequency
(c) A measurable characteristic (d) Class frequency to the cumulative frequency
(d) All these

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14. Mode of a distribution can be obtained from

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3. Marks of a student is an example of (a) Histogram (b) Less than type Ogives

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(a) An attribute (b) A discrete variable (c) More than type Ogives (d) Frequency polygon
(c) A continuous variable (d) None of these

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15. Frequency curve is a limiting form of
4. Nationality of a student is (a) Frequency polygon (b) Histogram

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(a) An attribute (b) A continuous variable (c) (a) or (b) (d) (a) and (b)
(c) A discrete variable (d) (a) or (c)

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16. Which of the statistical average is calculated by
5. Drinking habit of a person is
cummulative frequency curve ?

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(a) An attribute (b) A variable
(a) Median (b) G.M. (c) A.M. (d) H.M.

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(c) A discrete variable (d) A continuous variable
17. Mid value of the class is obtained
6. A series showing the sets of all values in classes
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(a) by multiplying the upper and lower limits
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with their corresponding frequencies is known as
(b) by deducting lower limit from upper limit
(a) grouped frequency distribution
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(c) by dividing total of upper and lower limits by 2

(b) cummulative frequency distribution
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(d) by dividing difference of upper and lower limit by 2

(c) simple frequency distribution
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18. Frequency of a variable is always

(d) None of the above
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(a) in ratio (b) a fraction

7. A frequency distribution
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(c) an integer (d) in percentage

(a) Arranges observations in an increasing order
19. In an ordered series, the data are
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(b) Arranges observation in terms of a number of

(a) in descending order (b) in ascending order
..

groups
(c) (a) or (b) (d) None of these
..

(c) Relates to a measurable characteristic.

..

20. A grouped frequency distribution with uncertain

(d) all these
..

first or last class is known as

..

8. Mutually exclusive classification

(a) discrete frequency distribution
..

(a) Excludes both the class limits

..

(b) inclusive class distribution

(b) Excludes the upper class limit but includes the
..

(c) open ended distribution

..

lower class limit

(d) exclusive class distribution
..

(c) Includes the upper class limit but excludes the

..

21. The other name of ogive curve is

lower class limit
..

(a) histogram
..

(d) Either (b) or (c)

(b) frequency polygon
..

9. Mutually inclusive classification is usually meant for

..

(c) frequency curve

(a) A discrete variable (b) A continuous variable
..

(d) cummulative frequency curve

(c) An attribute (d) All these
22. In histogram, the area of each rectangle is
10. Mutually exclusive classification is usually meant for
proportional to
(a) A discrete variable (b) A continuous variable
(a) the midvalue of the corresponding class interval
(c) An attribute (d) Any of these
11. The LCB is (b) the class size of corresponding class interval
(a) An upper limit to LCL (b) A lower limit LCL (c) frequency of the corresponding class interval
(c) (a) and (b) (d) (a) or (b) (d) cummulative frequency of the corresponding
class interval
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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
23. A frequency polygon is constructed by plotting 32. (Col) From Histogram we can easily visualize
frequency of the class interval and the (a) Mode (b) Median
(a) upper limit of the preceding class (c) Mean (d) None
(b) lower limit of the class 33. Measures of central tendency for a given set of
(c) mid value of the class observations measures.
(d) any value of the class (a) The scatterness of the observations
24. Class interval is measured as : (b) The central location of the observations
(a) Half of the sum of lower and upper limit of respective (c) Both (a) and (b)
class (d) None of these
(b) The sum of the upper and lower limit of respective 34. Which one of the following is not uniquely defined ?
class (a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Half of the difference between upper and lower (c) Mode (d) All of these measures
limit of respective class 35. Which of the following measure of the central

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(d) The difference between upper and lower boundry tendency is difficult to compute ?

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of respective class (a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) GM

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25. The term ‘statistics’ is used 36. For a moderately skewed distribution, which of the

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(a) in plural sense only following relationship holds ?
(b) in singular sense only (a) Mean - Mode = 3 (Mean - Median)

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(c) in both singular & plural sense (b) Median - Mode = 3 (Mean - Median)

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(d) None of these (c) Mean - Median = 3 (Mean - Mode)
26. (Col) Age of a person is

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(d) Mean - Median = 3 (Median - Mode)

on
(a) an attribute (b) a discrete variable 37. Weighted averages are considered when
(c) a continuous variable (d) a variable
27. (Col) For unequal classes, in drawing Histogram Y - ati
(a) The data are not classified
(b) The data are put in the form of grouped frequency
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axis represent distribution.
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(a) Frequency density (c) All the observations are not of equal importance
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(b) Relative frequency (d) Both (a) and (c)

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(c) Frequency 38. Which of the following results hold for a set of
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(d) Cumulative frequency distinct positive observations ?

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28. (Col) The number of classes in a frequency distribution (a) AM > GM > HM (b) HM > GM > AM
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depends on (c) AM > GM > HM (d) GM > AM > HM

39. When a firm registers both profits and losses, which
..

(a) Range of observations

..

(b) Size of population of the following measure of central tendency cannot

..

(c) Number of observations be considered ?

..

(a) AM (b) GM (c) Median (d) Mode

..

(d) Both (a) and (c)

..

29. (Col) The upper limit of class interval is required when 40. Quartiles are the values dividing a given set of
..

we consider the formation of observations into

..

(a) Two equal parts (b) Four equal parts

..

(a) Relative frequency

..

(b) More than cumulative frequency (c) Five equal parts (d) None of these
..

(c) Less than cumulative frequency 41. Quartiles can be determined graphically using
..

(a) Histogram (b) Frequency Polygon

..

(d) None of the above

(c) Ogive (d) Pie chart
..

30. (Col) For drawing cumulative frequency curve of more

..

than type, we take _____ on X - axis. 42. Which of the following measure (s) possesses
..

(a) Upper limit (b) Lower limit (possess) mathematical properties ?

(c) Mid value (d) Both (a) and (b) (a) AM (b) GM
31. (Col) Median can easily be obtained through (c) HM (d) All of these
43. Which of the following measure(s) satisfies (satisfy)
(a) Frequency curve
a linear relationship between two variables?
(b) Frequency polygon
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Histogram
(c) Mode (d) All of these
(d) Cumulative frequency curves
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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
44. If the AM and HM for two numbers are 5 and 3.2 58. Which measures of dispersions is not affected by
respectively then the GM will be the presence of extreme observations ?
(a) 16.00 (b) 4.10 (c) 4.05 (d) 4.00 (a) Range (b) Mean deviation
45. Two variables x and y are given by y = 2x - 3. If the (c) Standard deviation (d) Quartile deviation
median of x is 20, what is the median of y? 59. Which measure of dispersion is based on the
(a) 20 (b) 40 (c) 37 (d) 35 absolute deviations only ?
46. If the relationship between two variables u and v (a) Standard deviation (b) Mean deviation
are given by 2u + v + 7 = 0 and if the AM of u is 10, (c) Quartile deviation (d) Range
then the AM of v is 60. Which measure is based on only the central fifty
(a) 17 (b) -17 (c) - 27 (d) 27 percent of the observations ?
47. If the AM and GM for 10 observations are both 15, (a) Standard deviation (b) Quartile deviation
then the value of HM is (c) Mean deviation (d) All these measures
(a) Less than 15 (b) More than 15 61. Which measure of dispersion is based on all the

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(c) 15 (d) Cannot be determined observations ?

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48. When is the cumulative frequency required to (a) Mean deviation (b) Standard deviation

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compute ? (c) Quartile deviation (d) (a) and (b) but not (c)

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(a) obtaining mean (b) obtaining mode 62. The appropriate measure of dispersions for open -
(c) obtaining median (d) None end classification is

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49. What is the formula for obtaining middle 60% range ? (a) Standard deviation (b) Mean deviation

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(a) Q3 - Q1 (b) P90 + P10 (c) Quartile deviation (d) All these measures
63. The most commonly used measure of dispersion

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(c) P90 + P30 (d) P80 - P20
is

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50. Which is the positional average ?
(a) Range (b) Standard deviation
51.
(a) Median (b) Mean (c) G.M. (d) H.M.
The n root of the product of given n items is :
th ati
(c) Coefficient of variation (d) Quartile deviation
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(a) Median (b) Mean (c) G.M. (d) H.M. 64. Which measure of dispersion has some desirable
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52. Suitable average for finding out the average rate of mathematical properties ?
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increase of population per decade shall be (a) Standard deviation (b) Mean deviation
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(a) Median (b) Mean (c) G.M. (d) H.M. (c) Quartile deviation (d) All these measures
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53. When all observations are same, the relation 65. If the profits of a company remains the same for
bli

between A.M., G.M. and H.M. is : the last ten months, then the standard deviation of
Pu

(a) A.M. = G.M. = H.M. (b) A.M. = G.M. > H.M profits for these ten months would be ?
(a) Positive (b) Negative
..

(c) A.M. > G.M. > H.M. (d) A.M. < G.M. < H.M.
..

54. Dispersion measures. (c) Zero (d) (a) or (c)

..

(a) The scatterness of a set of observations. 66. A shift of origin has no impact on
..

(a) Range
..

(b) The concentration of a set of observations.

(b) Mean deviation
..

(c) Both (a) and (b).

..

(d) Neither (a) and (b) (c) Standard deviation

..

(d) All these and quartile deviation

..

55. When it comes to comparing two or more

67. For any two numbers SD is always
..

distributions we consider.
..

(a) Absolute measures of dispersion (a) Twice the range (b) Half of the range
..

(c) Square of the range (d) None of these

..

(b) Relative measures of dispersion

68. If all the observations are increased by 10, then
..

(c) Both (a) and (b)

..

(a) SD would be increased by 10

(d) Either (a) or (b)
..

(b) Mean deviation would be increased by 10

56. Which one is an absolute measure of dispersion ?
(c) Quartile deviation would be increased by 10
(a) Range (b) Mean Deviation
(d) All these three remain unchanged.
(c) Standard Deviation (d) All these measures
69. If all the observations are multiplied by 2, then
57. Which measure of dispersion is the quickest to
(a) New SD would be also multiplied by 2
compute ?
(b) New SD would be half of the previous SD
(a) Standard deviation (b) Quartile deviation
(c) New SD would be increased by 2.
(c) Mean deviation (d) Range
(d) New SD would be decreased by 2.
10
 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
70. If the SD of x is 3, what is the variance of (5 - 2x) ? 84. In a symmetrical distribution,
(a) 36 (b) 6 (c) 1 (d) 9 (a) Mean > Med > Mode
71. If x and y are related by 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 and SD of x (b) Mean < Med > Mode
is 6, then SD of y is _ (c) Mean > Mode > Med
(a) 22 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 9 (d) Mean = Med = Mode.
72. If x and y are related by y = 2x + 5 and the SD and 85. In a positively skewed distribution,
AM of x are known to be 5 and 10 respectively, then (a) Mean > Med > Mode
the coefficient of variation is (b) Mean < Med > Mode
(a) 25 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 20 (c) Mean > Mode > Med
73. (Col 09 -10) The S.D of a set of values will be (d) Mean = Med = Mode.
(a) Positive when the values are positive 86. The idea of symmetry of data can be gauged from
(b) Positive when the values are negative ________
(c) Always positive or zero (a) The frequency distribution

s
(d) All of the above (b) Frequency curve of frequency distribution of data

ial
74. _______ is called semi - inter quartile range. (c) Observation

ter
(a) Range (b) M.D. (c) Q.D. (d) S.D. (d) Maximum frequency

Ma
75. Mean deviation cannot be _______ 87. What does lack of symmetry mean?
(a) positive(b) negative (c) zero (d) None (a) Skewness (b) Central Tendency

dy
76. Mean deviation is least when calculated from (c) Dispersion (d) S.D.

Stu
_______ 88. Frequency curve of which frequency distribution
(a) Mean (b) Medain (c) Mode (d) None is bell shaped?

al
on
77. (Col) Variance is (a) Skewed (b) Positive skewed
(c) Negative skewed (d) Symmetric
(a) Square root of standard deviation
(b) Square of standard deviation 89. ati
In which frequency distribution the quartiles are
uc
(c) Second central moment not equi-distant from its median ?
Ed

(d) Both (b) and (c) (a) Skewed (b) Symmetrical

of

78. When coefficient of skewness is positive, the (c) Both of above (d) None of above
er

distribution is said to be: 90. Skewness is of which type of measure?

sh

(a) Platykurtic (b) Symmetrical (a) Relative (b) Absolute

bli

(c) Positively skewed (d) Negatively skewed (c) Both (d) None of above
Pu

79. A negative coefficient of skewness implies that 91. What is the relative measure of skewness?
(a) Co-efficient of Skewness
..

(a) mean is less than mode

..

(b) mean is equal to mode (b) Co-efficient of S.D

..

(c) mean is equal to median (c) Co-efficient of Q.D

..

(d) mean is greater than median (d) Co-efficient of M.D.

..
..

80. For a symmertrical distribution the coefficient of 92. Which measure of skewness is free from units?
..

skewness is (a) Absolute (b) Relative

..

(a) +1 (b) – 1 (c) Both (d) None of above

..
..

(c) +3 (d) 0 93. Whose difference is useful to obtain the

..

81. Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness is skewness?

_
..

(a) Mean - Median (b) Median - Mode (a) _X & M (b) Z & M
..
..

S.D. S.D. (c) X & Z (d) All three given above

..

(c) Mode - Mean (d) Mean - Mode 94. Give the empirical
_ equation of mode. _
..

S.D. S.D. (a) Z = 3M_ – 2 X (b) Z = 2X – 3M _

82. Bowley’s coefficient of skewness is (c) Z = 3X – 2M (d) Z = 2M – 3X
(a) greater than (b) equal to 95. State the formula of skewness when classes are
(c) less than (d) not related to unequal.
_ _
Karl Person’s coefficient of skewness. (a) 3(X – M) (b) X – Z
83. If  2 > 3 the curve is called (c) Both of above (d) None of above
(a) mesokurtic (b) leptokurtic
(c) platykurtic (d) positively skewed
11
 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
96. Bowley’s coefficient of skewness is in between 108 [MCQ : Jan - 11] Which of the measures of central
________ tendency is not affected by extreme values
(a) - 3 to + 3 (b) -1 to +1 (a) Mode (b) Median
(c) Both (d) None of these (c) Sixth decile (d) All the above
97. Which method is most suitable to find skewness 109 [MCQ : Jan - 11] The first Quartile is also known as
and co-efficient of skewness for an open ended (a) Median (b) Lower quartile
classes? (c) Mode (d) Upper Quartile
(a) Bowley (b) Karl Person 110 [MCQ : Jan - 09] For negatively skewed distribution
(c) Both (d) None of these the third central moment is
98. What is the range of skewness, if mode is not (a) less than zero (b) equal to zero
defined? (c) greater than zero (d) does not exist
(a) 0 to 1 (b) - 1 to 1 (c) - 3 to + 3 (d) Zero 111 [MCQ : Jan - 09] The percentage of observations
99. In Bowley, the measure of skewness depends on lying between D1 and D5 is

s
________ (a) 40 % (b) 50% (c) 10% (d) 60%

ial
(a) Mean (b) G.M. (c) Mode (d) Quartiles 112 [MCQ : Jan - 09] If Q3 - Q2 = 32 and Q2 - Q1 = 8, then

ter
100 Whose equation is more reliable to find skewness? skewness of the distribution is _______

Ma
(a) Bowley’s (b) Karl Person’s (a) zero (b) negative
(c) Pascal’s (d) Prof. Karl Mark’s (c) positive (d) either (b) or (c)

dy
101 _______ is also known as second moment about 113 [MCQ : Jan - 09] _______ is least affected by

Stu
mean sampling fluctuations.
(a) Mode (b) Mean (c) Median (d) Range

al
(a) Variance (b) M.D. (c) Q.D. (d) S.D.

on
102 (Col) The Coefficient of Skewness of a series A is 114 [MCQ : Jan - 09] The first four moments of a
distribution are 0, 3, 0 and 18 respectively shows
0.15 and that of series B is 0.062, which of the two
series is less skewed ?
ati
that the distribution is
uc
(a) Series A (b) Series B (a) symmetric and leptokurtic
Ed

(c) No decision (d) None of the above (b) skewed and leptokurtic
of

103 (Col) Skewness studies the (c) skewed and platykurtic

er

(a) Variability of distribution (d) symmetric and platykurtic

sh

(b) Peakness or flatness of the distribution 115 [MCQ : Jan - 09] The mean marks of students in a
bli

(c) Lack of symmetricity of the distribution certain class is 60. The mean mark of boys in class
Pu

(d) Central value of the distribution 75 and that of girls is 55. Then the percentage of
girls in class is
..

104 (Col) For symmetrical distribution following

..

(a) 30 (b) 25 (c) 50 (d) 75

statement is incorrect
..

116 [MCQ : Jan - 09]

..

(a) Mean = Mode = Median

Statistic Property
..

(b) 1 = 3 = 5 = ..... = 0
..

L. correlation P. measure of
(c) 1 = 2 = 3 = ..... = 0
..

coefficient variability
..

(d) Frequency curve decline at same rate from peak

M. median Q. independent of
..

of the curve
..

change of origin and

105 [MCQ : Jan - 11] Which of the following measures
..

scale
..

of Dispersion attain negative values?

N. coefficient of variation R. independent of
..

(a) Range (b) Mean deviation

change of origin but
..

(c) Standard deviation (d) None of the above

..

not of scale
..

106 [MCQ : Jan - 11] The sum of absolute deviation O. standard deviation S. suitable average for
about median is qualitative data
(a) zero (b) maximum (a) L - Q, M - S, N - R, O - P
(c) minimum (d) one (b) L - Q, M - S, N - P, O - R
107 [MCQ : Jan - 11] Median of a distribution can be (c) L - S, M - P, N - Q, O - R
obtained from (d) L - R, M - Q, N - S, O - P
(a) Histogram (b) Less than type ogive
(c) Frequency polygon (d) None of these
12
 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
117 [MCQ : Feb - 10] The following is not relative 129 [MCQ : Sep - 11, Padra] ____________is a measure
measure of dispersion of central tendency which is not used for further
(a) Range coefficient algebraic treatment.
(b) Quartile deviation (a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Coefficient of variation (c) Geometric mean (d) Harmonic mean
(d) Coefficient of mean deviation about median 130 [MCQ : Sep - 11, Padra] Find the median and coefficient
118 [MCQ : Feb - 10] The standard deviation of a set of of Skewness from the following information:
50 observations is 8. If each observation is added Q3 - Q1 = 8, Q3 + Q1 = 22, Mode = 11
by 2, then the new value of standard deviation will and Mean = 8
be (a) median = 9 and s.k. = 0.5
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) None (b) median =9 and s.k. = 3.25
119 [MCQ : Feb - 10] A measure of dispersion is an (c) median =51 and s.k. = 1.1818
indicator of the reliablity of (d) median =51 and s.k. = 0.5

s
(a) An average (b) Variability 131 [Mid Sem : 12-13] _______ can be calculated from a

ial
(c) Median class (d) Skewness frequency distribution with open end classes.

ter
120 [MCQ : Feb - 10] The third and first quartiles are 56 (a) A.M. (b) Median and Mode

Ma
and 22 respectively, then the quartile deviation is (c) G.M. (d) H.M.
(a) 17 (b) 50 (c) 34 (d) 78 132 [Mid Sem : 12-13] If (x - 5) = 0, then the A.M. of the

dy
121 [MCQ : Feb - 10] For a moderately skewed distribution is _______ .

Stu
distribution, Median = Mode + _____ (Mean - Mode) (a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 25 (d) 0
(a) 1/2 (b) 3 (c) 2/3 (d) None

al
133 [Mid Sem : 12-13] Number of books in the library is

on
122 [MCQ : Sep - 11, Baroda] considered as _______ variable.
Mean =_________________(3 Median – Mode)
(a) ½ (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 3 ati
(a) Continuous (b) Discrete
uc
(c) Both (d) None
123 [MCQ : Sep - 11, Baroda] Arithmetic Mean and 134 [Mid Sem : 12-13] If any observation of the given
Ed

Harmonic Mean of two observations is 25 and 9 variables is zero then their

of

respectively, then Geometric mean is __________. (a) A.M. = 0 (b) Median = 0

er

(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 34 (d) 5/3 (c) G.M. = 0 (d) Mode = 0

sh

124 [MCQ : Sep - 11, Baroda] Standard Deviation of 135 [Mid Sem : 12-13] Measure of the skewness based
bli

distribution having 2nd Central Moment 16 is on Quartiles is

Pu

(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 8 (d) can’t say (a) Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness
125 [MCQ : Sep - 11, Baroda]
..

(b) Bowley’s Coefficient of Skewness

..

X Y _ (c) Moment based measure of skewness

..

(a) 1/n (x - x)²

..

(d) None
2nd raw moment of the (b) 1/n x² _
..

136 [Mid Sem : 12-13] If Q1 = 10, Q3 = 40, the coefficient

..

distribution is (c) 1/n (x - x)² of of Quartile deviation is

..

(d) 1/n (x - A)²

..

(a) 0.5 (b) 0.6 (c) 50 (d) 25

126 [MCQ : Sep - 11, Padra] The arithmetic mean of
..

137 [Mid Sem : 12-13] Variance is same as _______

..

first n natural numbers is _____________. order central moments.

..

(a) (n + 1) / 2 (b) n / 2
..

(a) first (b) second (c) third (d) fourth

(c) (n / 2) + 1 (d) n (n + 1) / 2
..

138 [Mid Sem : 13-14] Age on last birthday is _______

..

127 [MCQ : Sep - 11, Padra] The best measure for variable.
..

measuring dispersion is________________. (a) Discrete (b) Continuous

..

(a) Range (b) Quartile deviation (c) Complex (d) Simple

(c) Mean deviation (d) Standard deviation 139 [Mid Sem : 13-14] For a given set of observations 1,
128 [MCQ : Sep - 11, Padra] ________________is not a 4, 4, 4 and 7 we can say that,
measure of partition values. (a) Mean > Median
(a) Quartiles (b) Deciles (b) Mean > Mode
(c) Mode (d) Percentiles (c) Mean = Median = Mode
(d) Mean  Median  Mode
13
 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
140 [Mid Sem : 13-14] Variance is 152 [Mid Sem : 17-18] The distribution of profits of blue
(a) Square of Arithmetic Mean chip company relates to ____.
(b) Square of Standard Deviation (a) Attribute (b) Discret variable
(c) Square root of Standard deviation (c) Continuous variable (d) None
(d) Square root of Median 153 [Mid Sem : 17-18] ____ measures lack of symmetry
141 [Mid Sem : 13-14] Skewness studies the of the curve.
(a) Variability of frequency distribution (a) Median (b) Skewness
(b) Peakness of the curve (c) Range (d) Kurtosis
(c) Lack of symmetry of the frequency distribution 154 [Mid Sem : 17-18] If 25% of items in a distribution
(d) Both (a) and (b) are less than 10 and 25% are more than 40, then
142 [Mid Sem : 14-15] Caste of a person is _____variable. the quartile deviation is ____.
(a) Qualitative (b) Quantitative (a) 10 (b) 40 (c) 1 (d) 15
(c) Discrete (d) Continuous 155 [Mid Sem : 17-18] ____ is not affected by extreme

s
143 [Mid Sem : 15-16] If quartiles are at equidistant, the values.

ial
distribution is said to be ______ . (a) Median (b) Harmonic mean

ter
(a) Positively skewed (b) Negatively skewed (c) Geometric mean (d) Arithmetic mean

Ma
(c) Symmetrical (d) None 156 [Mid Sem : 18-19] ____ measure of central tendency
144 [Mid Sem : 16-17] Skewness is not present in the is not capable of further mathematical treatment.

dy
distribution if _______ . (a) Mode (b) Arithmetic mean

Stu
(a) Mean  Median  Mode (b) Q3 - Q2  Q2 - Q1 (c) Geometric mean (d) Harmonic mean
(c) Mean = Median = Mode (d) None 157 [Mid Sem : 18-19] For certain series with 100

al
on
145 [Mid Sem : 16-17] For open end distribution the observations, mean is 20 and variance is 25, the
sum of square of observations is
appropriate measure of skewness is ______ .
(a) Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness ati
(a) 42500 (b) 102500 (c) 50000 (d) 25000
uc
(b) Bowley’s coefficient of skewness 158 [Mid Sem : 18-19] ____ curve is also known as
Ed

(c) Yule’s coefficient of skewness cumulative frequency curve .

of

(d) Moment based coefficient of skewness (a) Histogram (b) Frequency curve
er

146 [Mid Sem : 16-17] Sum of deviation of observation (c) Frequency polygon (d) Ogive
sh

from their respective mean is ______ . 159 [Mid Sem : 18-19] If each of the observation of given
bli

(a) zero (b) one data is increased by constant ‘a’ then mean is
Pu

(c) frequency (f) (d) total frequency (N) (a) increased by ‘a’ (b) decreased by ‘a’
(c) remained same (d) none of these
..

147 [Mid Sem : 16-17] Life of electric bulb is _______ .

..

(a) an attribute (b) a discrete variable 160 [Mid Sem : 18-19] Number of mistakes per page is ___
..

(c) a continuous variable (d) None (a) discrete variable (b) continuous variable
..

(c) qualitative variable (d) attribute

..

148 [Mid Sem : 16-17] From the following which is not

..

absolute measure of dispersion ? 161 [Mid Sem : 18-19] In the ____ series, the upper limit
..

(a) Mean deviation and lower limit are included in that class interval.
..

(a) exclusive (b) inclusive

..

(b) Standard deviation

..

(c) Range (c) open-end (d) time

..

(d) Coefficient of variation 162 [Mid Sem : 18-19] Variable which can take all
..

numerical values within certain interval are called

..

149 [Mid Sem : 16-17] Variance of first 15 natural

..

numbers is ____ variable.

..

(a) 56/3 (b) 8 (c) 18 (d) none (a) continuous (b) discrete
..

150 [Mid Sem : 16-17] If values of a variable X are 5, 5, (c) ciscontinuous (d) all of the above
5, 5, 5, 5 then its standard deviation is ____. 163 [Mid Sem : 18-19] The series for which the
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 5 (d) 30 coefficient of variation is greater is said to be___ .
151 [Mid Sem : 17-18] ____ cannot be used if one of the (a) more variable (b) less stable
observations is zero. (c) less consistent (d) all of the above
(a) Range (b) Median 164 [Mid Sem : 19-20] ______ is the suitable measure
(c) Geometric mean (d) Mean for average size of readymade garments.
14
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Variance (d) Mode
 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
165 [Mid Sem : 19-20] Height of a person is _______ 167 [Mid Sem : 19-20] Geometric mean cannot be used
variable. if any observation is ______.
(a) Continuous (b) Discrete (a) zero (b) negative
(c) Qualitative (d) Complex (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
166 [Mid Sem : 19-20] The mean of first 19 natural 168 [Mid Sem : 19-20] Bowley’s coefficient of skewness
numbers is ______. lies between ______ .
(a) 9.5 (b) 10 (a) -1 and +1 (b) 0 and +1
(c) 15 (d) 21 (c) -1 and +3 (d) -3 to +3
BASED ON UNIT - 2
169 If the plotted points in a scatter diagram lie from 177 The coefficient of correlation between two variables
upper left to lower right, then the correlation is (a) Can have any unit.
(a) Positive (b) Zero (c) Is a unit free measure
(c) Negative (d) None of these

s
(b) Is expressed as the product of units

ial
170 Scatter diagram is considered for measuring (d) None of these of the two variables

ter
(a) Linear relationship between two variables. 178 In case the correlation coefficient between two

Ma
(b) Curvilinear relationship between two variables variables is 1, the relationship between the two
(c) Neither (a) nor (b) variables would be

dy
(d) Both (a) and (b) (a) y = a + bx

Stu
171 What is spurious correlation ? (b) y = a + bx, b > 0

al
(a) It is a bad relation between two variables. (c) y = a + bx, b < 0

on
(b) It is very low correlation between two variables. (d) y = a + bx, both a and b being positive.
ati
(c) It is the correlation between two variables having 179 The covariance between two variables is
uc
no causal relation. (a) Strictly positive
Ed

(d) It is a negative correlation. (b) Strictly negative

of

172 If all the plotted points in a scatter diagram lie on a (c) Always 0
er

single line, then the correlation is (d) Either positive or negative or zero.
sh

(a) Perfect positive (b) Perfect negative 180 (Col : 09 - 10) The unit of correlation coefficient is
bli

(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Either (a) or (b) (a) Unit in which data are measure
Pu

173 If the value of correlation coefficient is positive, then (b) Percentages

..

the points in a scatter diagram tend to cluster (c) Not exist

..

(d) None
..

(a) From lower left corner to upper right corner

..

181 (Col : 09 - 10) The correlation coefficient between

(b) From lower left corner to lower right corner
..

two variables keeping the effect of other variables

..

(c) From lower right corner to upper left corner constant is called
..

(d) From lower right corner to upper right corner.

..

(a) Simple correlation (b) Partial correlation

..

174 If the plotted points in a scatter diagram are evenly (c) Multiple correlation (d) Either (b) or (c)
..

distributed, then the correlation is 182 (Col : 09 - 10) The multiple correlation coefficient is
..
..

(a) Zero (b) Negative (c) Positive (d) (a) or (b) (a) Joint effect of independent variables on one
..

175 Pearson’s correlation coefficient is used for finding dependent variable

..

(b) Correlation coefficient between dependent variable

..

(a) Correlation for any type of relation

..

and its estimated value

(b) Correlation for linear relation only (c) both (a) and (b)
(c) Correlation for curvilinear relation only (d) none
(d) Both (b) and (c) 183 (Col : 09 - 10) The correlation coefficient between two
176 The correlation between shoe - size and intelligence variables having two pairs of observation is
is (a) - 1 (b) + 1
(a) Lack of correlation (b) Positive (c) Either (a) or (b) (d) 0.5
(c) Negative (d) None of these
15
 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
184 [MCQ : Jan - 09] As the value of X decreases, if 192 [Mid Sem : 12-13] The sale of umbrella and rainy
value of Y also decreases, then coefficient of season are _______ correlated.
correlation will be (a) positively (b) negatively
(a) negative (b) positive (c) inversely (d) none of the above
(c) perfect linear (d) zero 193 [Mid Sem : 12-13] Karl-Pearson’s Coefficient of
185 [MCQ : Jan - 09] Suppose you are told that there is Correlation is known as _______
positive relationship between incentives and (a) Product moment correlation coefficient
productivity. Which of the following is correct ? (b) Pearsonian correlation coefficient
(a) High or low incentives hardly make any impact (c) Both (a) and (b)
on productivity (d) none of the above
(b) Productivity tends to be more when incentives 194 [Mid Sem : 12-13] The paired values plotted on a
are more graph marked by points lead to _______ diagram.
(c) Productivity and incentives move in different (a) scatter (b) dot

s
direction (c) both (a) and (b)

ial
(d) none
(d) Productivity tends to be low when more incentives 195 [Mid Sem : 13-14] The _______ is the graphical

ter
are given method of measuring the relationship between two

Ma
186 [MCQ : Jan - 09] From the following correlation variables.
coefficients _______ shows the lowest degree of (a) Scatter diagram (b) dot diagram

dy
association. (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none

Stu
(a) - 0.91 (b) 0.28 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.1 196 [Mid Sem : 13-14] If correlation coefficient r = +1;

al
187 [MCQ : Feb - 10] For the bivariate data : {(x, y) = (10, then correlation between both variables X and Y is

on
4), (11, 3), (12, 2), (14, 0), (8, 6)} the coefficient of said to be _______ .
correlationbetween X and Y is
(a) - 1 (b) + 1 (c) 0 (d) 0.5
(a) Positive
ati (b) Perfectly Positive
uc
(c) negative (d) perfectly negative
188 [MCQ : Jan - 11] Correlation coefficient will be
Ed
197 [Mid Sem : 13-14] The range of Pearsonions’
negative when coefficient of correlation is
of

(a) X increases, Y decreases (a) 0 to 1 (b) - 1 to + 1

er

(b) X decreases, Y increases (c) - to + (d) none of these

sh

(c) X decreases, Y decreases 198 [Mid Sem : 14-15] _______ analysis attemts to
bli

(d) Both (a) and (b) determine the degree of relationship between
Pu

189 [MCQ : Jan - 11] If X - Y = 50, is the relationship variables.

..

between X and Y, then correlation coefficient (a) Regression (b) Correlation

..

between X and Y will be (c) Univariate (d) All of the above

..

(a) - 1 (b) + 1 (c) + 0.5 (d) None

..

199 [Mid Sem : 14-15] If the value of correlation

..

190 [MCQ : Feb - 12(Baroda)] A positive significant cor- coefficient r = +1, means _______ correlation
..

relation between the number of shoes produced between variables.

..

and the steel produced per year is :

..

(a) very high degree (b) positive

(a) a nonsense correlation
..

(c) perfectly positive (d) all of the above

..

(b) a spurious correlation 200 [Mid Sem : 15-16] If the two variables X and Y
..

(c) a meaningless correlation

..

deviates in the _______ direction is said to be

(d) all the above
..

Negative correlation.
..

191 [MCQ : Feb - 12(Baroda)] Which of the following is (a) same (b) left (c) right (d) opposite
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most likely to be an inverse relationship ?

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201 [Mid Sem : 15-16] If the plotted points in the Scatter-

(a) Between income and expenditure on education diagram are widely scattered then correlation
(b) Between price and sales for a certain product between the variables is _______.
(c) Between average number of hours studied per (a) poor (b) high degree
day and the performance of the students in the (c) both (d) none
examination 202 [Mid Sem : 15-16] The _______ coefficient is
(d) Between advertisement expenditure and sales independent of change of origin and scale of
of a product measurement.
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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
(a) Regression (b) Correlation 209 [Mid Sem : 18-19] Correlation coefficient always lies
(c) Univariate (d) All of the above between _______ .
203 [Mid Sem : 16-17] If the points on the scatter diagram (a) 0 and 1 (b) -1 and +1
indicate that as one variable increases the other (c) -1 and 0 (d) none
variable tends to decrease the value of r will be 210 [Mid Sem : 18-19] If the dots are widely scattered in
_______ . the dot diagram, the correlation between the
(a) Perfect positive (b) Perfect negative variable is _______ .
(c) Negative (d) Zero (a) high degree (b) low degree
204 [Mid Sem : 17-18] If the points on Scatter diagram (c) poor (d) both (b) and (c)
show no tendency either to increase together or 211 [Mid Sem : 20-21] If the points on the Scatter diagram
decrease together then the value of r will be close show tendency of increase togerther then the value
to _______ . of r will be ________ .
(a) +1 (b) -1 (c) 0.5 (d) 0 (a) positive (b) negative
(c) 0 (d) none

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205 [Mid Sem : 17-18] Coefficient of correlation between

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tywo variables X and Y is 0.8 and their covariance 212 [Mid Sem : 20-21] If the two variables are ________

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is 20. If the variance of X is 16, the standard then correlation coefficient is always zero.
(a) Independent

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deviation of Y is _______ . (b) equal
(a) 32 (b) - 6.25 (c) 6.25 (d) 12 (c) Dependent (d) none of the above

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206 [Mid Sem : 18-19] If the values of the two variables 213 [Mid Sem : 20-21] If X is measured in Hours and Y

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deviate in the same direction, the correlation is said is measured in Minutes, then correlation coefficient
to be _______ . has the ________ as unit.

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(a) Minutes (b) Hours

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(a) positive (b) direct
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) No unit
207 [Mid Sem : 18-19] Demand for goods and their prices ati
214 [Mid Sem : 20-21] If two variables have perfect
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under normal time exhibit _______ correlation. negative correlation then value of r is ________ .
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(a) positive (b) negative (a) - 1 (b) 0 (c) + 1 (d) None

215[Mid Sem : 20-21] Correlation coefficient is
of

(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none

independent of change of ________ .
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208 [Mid Sem : 18-19] The scatter diagram is the

(a) origin (b) scale
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graphical method of measuring the _______

(c) both origin and scale (d) neither origin nor
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relationship between two variables.

(a) linear (b) non-linear scale
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(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none

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SECTION - C : KNOWLEDGE TESTING QUESTIONS ON UNIT 1 & 2

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1. Fill in the blanks (8) The classes in which the lower limit and upper limit
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(1) (Col) The word statistics is used to convey different are not specified, are known as _____ .
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meanings in ______ and ______ sense. (9) The number of observations in a particular class is
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(2) (Col) In singular sense, Statistics means ______ called _____ of the class.
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(4) (Col) In plural sense, Statistics means ______ (10) A frequency polygon is an _____ over Histogram.
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(3) Mid - point is the value lying half-way between _____ (11) A measure of central tendency is sometimes called
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(4) According to Sturge’s rule, the number of classes is ______ .

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given by : k = _____ (12) An average reduces the larger number of

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(5) The data can be classified into _____ and _____ type observations to ______ .
classes. (13) The sum of the deviations of individual items from
(6) While forming the grouped frequency distribution, the arithmetic mean is ______ .
number of classes should usually be (14) ______ mean is the most suitable average when it is
between _____ and _____ desired to give greater weight to smaller
(7) In exclusive type classes, the upper limit of the class observations and less weight to larger ones.
is _____ . (15) Median can be computed for distributions which have
______ classes.
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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
(16) ______ is that value in a series which appears more (42) Standard deviation is independent of change of ______
frequently. and dependent of change of ______
(17) In a symmetrical distribution mean, mode and median (43) Literal meaning of skewness is “______” .
______ (44) A distribution is said to be skewed if it lacks ______ .
(18) If modal value is not clear in a distribution it can be (45) In practice, karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness
ascertained by the Method of ______ . lies between ______ .
(19) The Geometric mean of four numbers 2, 4, 8 & 64 is (46) For a symmetrical distribution, ______ are equidistant
______ . from median.
(20) The suitable measure of central tendency for (47) (Col) The statistics means aggregates of ______
Qualitative data is ______ . (48) (Col) The statistical data were collected in ______
(21) For a highly variable series, the most suitable mean manner.
is ______. (49) (Col) ______ definition is considered as best to define
(22) Extreme values have no effect on ______ . statistics as statistical data.

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(23) The algebraic sum of the deviations of each (50) Correlation will be positive between X and Y, if X

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observation from the arithmetic mean is______ . increases, Y also ________

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(24) The sum of the squares of the deviation about ______ (51) The paired values plotted on a graph marked by

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is minimum. points leads to a _______ diagram.
(52) The range of Pearson’s coefficient of correlation

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(25) ______ is generally ill - defined and is affected to a is_______.

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great extent by fluctuations. (53) Product moment correlation is called_______.
(26) If Q1 = 20 and Q3 = 45, the coefficient of Q.D. is ______ [Ans. (2) plural, singular; (3) statistical methods;

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(56) If in a series the coefficient of vartiation is 64 and mean (4) numerical facts;

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is 10 then S.D. shall be ______ . (32) upper limit and lower limit;
(27) Quartile deviation is ______ measure of dispersion. ati
(33) 1 + 3.322 log10N; (34) exclusive, inclusive;
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(28) The standard deviation concept was introduced by (35) 5, 15;(36) excluded;(37) open ended classes;
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______ . (38) frequency; (39) improvement;

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(29) A distribution is said to be skewed if it lacks ______ . (40) average; (41) one;
(30) The sum of absolute deviations is minimum from
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(42) zero; (43) Harmonic Mean;

______ .
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(44) open ended; (45) Mode;

(31) Standard deviation is always ______ than range.
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(46) coincided; (47) empirical relationship;

(32) Standard deviation is always ______ than mean
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(48) 8; (49) median;

deviation. (50) G.M.; (51) median;
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(33) All relative measures of dispersion are ______ from

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(52) zero; (53) A.M.;

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unit of measurement. (54) Mode; (55) 0.385; (56) 6.4;

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(34) Variance is the ______ value of mean square deviation. (57) positional (58) Karl Pearson;
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(35) If 25% of the items in a distribution are less than 10

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(59) symmetry; (60) median;

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and 25% are more than 40, quartile (61) less; (62) greater; (63) free;
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deviation is ______ . (64) minimum; (65) 15; (66) 20, 5;

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(36) The median and S.D. of the distribution are 15 and 5

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(67) 2.8; (68) 36.8; (69) 4.2;

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respectively. If each item is increased by 5 , (70) 18; (71) 0.6; (72) origin, scale;
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then new median = ______ and new S.D. = ______ . (73) lack of symmetry (74) symmetry
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(37) The variance of 25 observations is 7.84, hence their

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(75) -3 and 3; (80) quartiles;

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S.D is ______ (91) facts; (92) systematic;

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(38) The CV of a frequency distribution is 36.8%. If the (93) Prof. Horace Secrist’s;
mean is 100 the S.D. of distribution is (109) increases; (110) scatter diagram;
______ _ (111) - 1 to 1; (112) Pearson’s correlation]
(39) If n = 25, (X - X)2 = 105 then variance = ______ 2. State whether following statements are TRUE or
(40) If Q.D. of a distribution is 4 and Q1 = 10 then Q3 = FALSE.
______ 1. All facts numerically expressed are not statistics. (T)
(41) If Q1 = 10, Q3 = 40, the coefficient of quartile deviation 2. (Col) All statistics are numerical statements but all
is ______ . numerical statements are not statistics. (T)
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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
3. A frequency polygon cannot be constructed without
29. Mean deviation gives more accurate results when
first drawing a histogram. (F)
deviations are taken from mean. (T)
4. A frequency polygon has more than four sides. (T)
30. Absolute measure of dispersion can be used for the
5. The midpoint of a class interval is the value lying
purpose of comparison. (F)
half way between the upper and lower limits o f
31. Algebraic sum of deviations from mean is minimum. (F)
the class. (T)
32. Mean deviation is least when calculated from median. (T)
6. Frequency distribution of continuous data can be
33. Variance is always negative. (F)
presented graphically as histogram or frequecny
34. Mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation
curve. (T)
have same units. (F)
7. A frequency polygon is appropriate for graphing
35. Reletive measure of dispersion are independent of
continuously distributed variables. (F)
unit of measurement. (T)
8. The height of a rectangle in Histogram represents the
36. Mean and standard deviation are independent of
frequency value of a variable. (T)
change of origin. (F)

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9. In both limits inclusive type classes of class upper

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37. Variance is square of standard deviation. (T)
limit is same as lower limit of succeeding class. (F)

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38. Standard deviation is independent of change of origin
10. In exclusive type classes only one limit is included
and scale. (F)

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in class. (T)
39. Mean deviation can never be negative. (T)
11. The difference between successive upper limits or

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40. Variance is the minimum value of mean square
lower limits of class give class width. (T)

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deviation. (T)
12. In the open end classes the lower limit or the upper
41. Q.D. = 2/3 S.D, always. (F)
limit are not specified. (T)

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42. If each value in a distribution of 5 observations is 10,

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13. In an asymmetrical distribution mean, median and
then its mean is 10 and variance is 1. (F)
mode coincide. (F)
14. The arithmetic mean is the most commonly used ati
43. S.D. can never be negative. (T)
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44. The mean of the combined series lies between the
measure of central tendency. (T)
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means of the two component series. (T)
15. Median is unduly affected by extreme observations. (F)
45. The S.D. of the combined series lies between the
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16. An average alone is not enough to compare the

means of the two component series. (F)
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series. (T)
46. Mean can never be equal to S.D. (F)
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17. Mode is the most unstable average and its true value
47. Mean can never be equal to variance. (F)
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is difficult to determine. (T)

48. A computer obtained the S.D. of 25 observations whose
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18. The value of harmonic mean is based on every item

values ranged from 65 to 85 as 25. (F)
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of the series. (T)

49. A student obtained the mean and variance of a set of
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19. The harmonic mean is useful when data given are in

10 observations as 25 and - 5 respectively. (F)
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the terms of rate. (T)

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50. If mean and S.D. of distribution A are smaller than the

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20. The sum of the deviations of the items from median

mean and S.D. of distribution B respectively, than the
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is zero. (F)
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distribution A is more uniform than the distribution A.(F)

21. An average is the precise and simple indicator of
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51. A consistent cricket player has greater variability in

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central tendency of a group. (T)

his scores. (F)
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22. Harmonic mean of 6 and 12 is 9. (F)

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52. The range is the perfect measure of variability. (F)

23. The median is the point about which the sum of
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53. If each value of the series is increased by a constant

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squared deviations is minimum. (F)

then the S. D. changes by the same constant. (F)
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24. Sum of squares of deviations measured from mean

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54. Range is the best measure of dispersion. (F)

is least. (T)
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55. Absolute dispersion is used to compare two series. (F)

25. Range is based on the whole data. (F)
56. S.D is independent of charge of origin and scale. (F)
26. Coefficient of variation is useful for comparing
57. S.D is always positive. (F)
variability in groups. (T)
58. Quartile Deviation is equal to half of interquartile
27. Quartile deviation is the positional measure of
range. (T)
dispersion. (T)
59. Range can attain Negative Value.(F)
28. Standard deviation is less affected by exterme items
60. If Mean deviation is 20.20, the Standard Deviation is
as compared with mean deviation. (F)
30.30. (F)
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 F.Y. B.Com. / Statistics / Unit - 1,2
61. Quartile Deviation ensures lowest degree of 72. The value of coefficient of skewness always lies
reliability. (T) between - 1 and +1 (F)
62. If Quartile Deviation of series is 60, Mean deviation is 73. The value of mean is maximum in negatively skewed
72. (F) distribution (F)
63. Greater is the difference between mean and mode, 74. In a frequency distribution with zero skewness Q3 +
more will be the skewness. (T) Q1 = 2M (T)
64. The difference between mean and mode is Bowley’s 75. Bowley’s formula of determining coefficient of
basis for measuring skewness. (F) skewness is more reliable and accurate. (F)
65. To get Pearsonian coefficient of skewnessm we 76. In a positively skewed distribution the value of mode
divide the difference between median and mode by is greater than the mean. (F)
standard deviation. (F) 77. In a positively skewed distribution Q3 = 25, M = 22
66. In a symmetrical distribution, the quartiles are not and Q1 = 17. (F)
equidistant from the median. (F) 78. Correlation coefficient is independent of change of

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67. Whenever positional measures are called for,

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origin and scale. (T)
skewness should be measured by Karl Pearson’s 79. When rXY = - 1  No correlation between variables

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method. (F) X and Y. (F)

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68. In a skewed distribution, quartiles are equidistant from 80. The Coefficient of Correlation can not be negative. (F)
the median. (F) 81. The coefficient of correlation can take any value

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69. Skewness studies flatness or peakness of the between - 1 and + 1. (T)

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distribution. (F) 82. Whenever we are interested in studying the joint

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70. Bowley’s coefficient of skewness lies between - 3 effect of a group of variables upon a variable not

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and 3. (F) included in that group, our study is that of partial
71. A positively skewed distribution curve is stretched
more to the right than to the left. (T)
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correlation. (F)
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83. Correlation gives an indication of the kind of cause
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and effect relationship (F)
of
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SHRI BALAJI # 9924040043

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