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Transportation in Animals

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20 views32 pages

Transportation in Animals

Uploaded by

Rhea John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bal Bharati Public School, Navi Mumbai

Subject: Biology
Class: X
Topic: Life Processes-Part 3(i)
(Transportation in Animals)
Subtopics:
1. Circulatory system
2. Blood
3. Blood vessels
4. Heart
5. Evolution of heart in vertebrates
6. Circulation of blood in the body
7. Lymph
Circulatory system is
responsible for Blood
transporting materials vessels
such as food and oxygen Blood Heart
from one part of the
body to another. There
Circulatory
are three main parts of System
circulatory system:
1. Blood
2. Blood Vessels
3. Heart
• The human blood is made up of two components:
(i) Plasma: fluid part of the blood. It contains 90% water
and rest 10% is dissolved nutrients, and waste
materials.
(ii) Blood Cells:
a. Red blood cells: They contain respiratory pigment
haemoglobin that transports oxygen from lungs to all
parts of the body
b. White blood cells: they protect the body from disease
causing organisms
c. Blood platelets: they prevent loss of blood from injured
blood vessels by forming clot over the wound.
Blood
Transports
nutrients,
Function hormones (i) Plasma
and waste

(ii) Blood cells (a)RBC (b)WBC (c)Platelets

Oxygen Production of Clotting


Function transport antibodies of blood
i. Supplies nutrients and oxygen to all the body
cells.
ii. Removes waste from the cell
iii. Helps in regulating body temperature
iv. Protects body against infection
v. Transports hormones to all body parts.
• Blood vessels are network of tubes through
which the blood from the heart is carried to
different organs of the body and again
brought back to it.
• There are three types of blood vessels :
1. Arteries

2. Veins

3. Capillaries
Arteries Veins
i. Arteries carry blood away i. Veins collect the blood from
from the heart to various different organs and bring it
organs of the body. back to the heart.
ii. Thick and elastic walls ii. Thin and less elastic walls
iii. Blood flows with high iii. Blood flows with low
pressure pressure
iv. They do not have valves iv. They have valves
v. Arteries are deep-seated v. Veins are superficial
vi. Generally carry oxygenated vi. Generally carry de-
blood except pulmonary oxygenated blood except
artery pulmonary vein
Artery Vein
These are very fine blood
vessels that join arteries with
veins and form a network in
the body organs.
They are only one cell thick and
without any muscular layer.
Function:
As the capillary wall is
extremely thin, exchange of
respiratory gases, nutrients
and metabolic waste can
occur smoothly between
blood and surrounding cells.
Shape: Cone shaped.
Broader at the top
and tapering at the
bottom.
Size: as big as our fist

Location: between the two


lungs in the chest
cavity, slightly
to the left side.
i. The heart is divided into
four chambers-
(a) Two upper thin walled
chambers known as
Auricles/Atria
(b) Two lower thick walled
chambers known as
Ventricles
ii. Heart is divided longitudinally
into two halves by a muscular
Septum
The right half has deoxygenated
blood and the left half has pure
or oxygenated blood.
The septum prevents mixing of
blood
iii. Valves:
(a) Tricuspid valve: present
between right auricle and
right ventricle
(b) Bicuspid valve (Mitral):
present between left auricle
and left venticle.
(c) Semi-lunar valve: present at
the base of both pulmonary
artery and aorta
Function:
The valves regulate the
flow of blood from auricles
to ventricles. They prevent
back flow of the blood.
iv. Blood vessels:
(a) Vena cava- connects
body tissues with
heart
(b) Pulmonary artery-
connects heart to
lungs
(c) Pulmonary vein-
connects lungs to
heart
(d) Aorta-connects heart
to body tissues
1. The right atrium receives de-oxygenated blood from various
parts of the body by vena cava and left atrium receives
oxygenated blood from lungs by pulmonary veins.
2. Both atria contracts simultaneously and their cuspid valves
open. The blood from atria is poured into the respective
ventricles.
3. Both the atria relax and ventricles contract. The cuspid
valves close and semi-lunar valves open.
4. The oxygenated blood from left ventricles is pumped into
aorta and is distributed to all body parts by arteries
5. The deoxygenated blood from right ventricle is pumped
into pulmonary artery and is transported to lungs for
oxygenation.
i. Pisces: Two chambers
ii. Amphibians: Three chambers
iii. Reptiles: incompletely four chambers (exception
Crocodile)
iv. Aves & mammals: completely four chambers
1. Fishes have only two
chambers in their
heart
2. The de-oxygenated
blood is pumped to
the gills, is
oxygenated there,
and passes directly to
the rest of the body.
3. Thus, blood goes only
once through the
heart in the fish
during one cycle of
passage through the
body.
• The human heart is a double
pump.
• The septum divides heart
into right side and the left
side. It is useful to keep
oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood from
mixing.
• The right side of the heart
pumps the de-oxygenated
blood.
• The left side of the heart
pumps the oxygenated
blood.
• In human heart, the same
blood visits the heart twice
before completing a full
circuit of the entire body.
• The force that blood exerts against the wall of
a vessel is called blood pressure.
• The pressure of blood inside the artery during
ventricular systole (contraction) is called
systolic pressure and pressure in artery during
ventricular diastole (relaxation) is called
diastolic pressure.
• The normal systolic pressure is about 120 mm
of Hg and diastolic pressure is 80 mm of Hg.
• Blood pressure is
measured with an
instrument called
sphygmomanometer.
• High blood pressure is
also called hypertension
and is caused by the
constriction of
arterioles, which results
in increased resistance
to blood flow.
• It can lead to the
rupture of an artery and
internal bleeding.
Blood pressure ( Contd.)
Lymph
Through the pores present in
the walls of capillaries some
amount of plasma, proteins
and blood cells escape into
intercellular spaces in the
tissues to form the tissue
fluid or lymph.
It is similar to the plasma of
blood but colourless and
contains less protein.
.

Lymph drains into lymphatic capillaries which join to form large lymph
vessels that finally open into larger veins.
Function: i. carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine
ii. drains excess fluid from extra cellular space back into the
blood.
Let us Recapitulate....
• The circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels, the heart
and the lymphatic system
• The liquid part of the blood is plasma. RBC, WBC and the platelets
are the other constituents present in the blood.
• In human beings, the transport of materials such as oxygen, carbon
dioxide, food and excretory products is a function of the circulatory
system.
• Arteries, veins and capillaries are blood vessels.
• The human heart is divided into two halves. Each half has two
chambers. The upper two chambers are atria and lower two
chambers are ventricles
• Circulation of blood through the heart is unidirectional due to the
presence of valves.
• The lymphatic system consists of a network of tubes that carries
tissue fluid which comes from blood and eventually returns to it.
Assignment-3(i)
1. What are the components of the transport
system in human beings? What are the
functions of these components?
2. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
3. Why is the wall of ventricles thicker than
auricles?
4. What would be the consequences of a
deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
5. Describe double circulation in human beings.
Why is it necessary?
Links
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSVYgivfs
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• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUam38Z
k-6Q
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmpd82
mpVO4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qmNCJx
psr0

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