Decimal Degree into Minute Second

Steps in Converting the decimal degrees into minute

second measure.
• Multiply the decimal to 60. The whole number
obtained will be the minute

Converting the Minute Second into decimal degree

a. Divide the minute by 60.

b. Divide the second by 3,600.
c. Add the degree measure and the results in first and
second step.
Converting Degree Measure to Radian Measure and Graphs of Sine and Cosine Functions:
2𝜋
Vice Versa Amplitude: |𝑎| Period: 𝑏
1. To convert radians to degrees Phase Shift: −𝑐 Vertical Shift: 𝑑
180 Domain: ℝ Range: [−𝐴 + 𝑑, 𝐴 + 𝑑]
measurement, multiply the given by 𝜋 .
2. To convert degrees to radians Table of Values of Cosine:
𝜋
measurement, multiply the given by 180. 𝑷 𝑷 𝟑𝑷
𝒙 𝟎 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 𝐏 ± 𝑷𝑺
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
Finding angles co-terminal with the given 𝜽:
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ 𝟎 + 𝒅 ±𝒂 + 𝒅 𝟎+𝒅 ∓𝒂 + 𝒅 𝟎+𝒅
|𝜃| |𝜃|
𝑘 = 360 or 𝑘 = 2𝜋
Table of Values of Cosine Function:
• Least/Smallest Positive Measures:
Positive: 𝜃 − 360𝑘 𝜃 − 𝜋𝑘 𝑷 𝑷 𝟑𝑷
𝒙 𝟎 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 𝐏 ± 𝑷𝑺
Negative: 360ሺ𝑘 + 1ሻ + 𝜃 𝜋ሺ𝑘 + 1ሻ + 𝜃 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
• Largest Negative Measure:
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ 𝟎 + 𝒅 ±𝒂 + 𝒅 𝟎+𝒅 ∓𝒂 + 𝒅 𝟎+𝒅
Positive: 𝜃 − 360ሺ𝑘 + 1ሻ 𝜃 − 𝜋ሺ𝑘 + 1ሻ
Negative: 𝜃 + 360𝑘 𝜃 + 𝜋𝑘

Finding the exact values of Six (6) Circular Functions: Graphs of Cosecant and Secant Functions:
𝑦 𝑟
sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = 𝑦 , 𝑦 ≠ 0 Cosecant Function:
𝑟 2𝜋
cos 𝜃 =𝑟
𝑥 𝑟
sec 𝜃 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0 Amplitude: |𝑎| Period: 𝑏
𝑦 𝑥 Phase Shift: −𝑐 Vertical Shift: 𝑑
tan 𝜃 = 𝑥,𝑥 ≠0 cot 𝜃 = 𝑦 , 𝑦 ≠ 0 𝑃
Domain: ቄ𝑥 ∈ 𝑅|𝑥 ≠ 2 𝑘 + 𝑃𝑆, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍ቅ
Range:ሺ−∞, −𝐴 + 𝑑] ∪ [𝐴 + 𝑑, ∞ሻ
Reference Angle:
Table of Values:
Quadrant Degree 𝑷 𝑷 𝟑𝑷
I Every angle is reference angle 𝒙 𝟎 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 P±𝑷𝑺
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
II 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝜽
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ 𝒖𝒏𝒅 ±𝒂 + 𝒅 𝒖𝒏𝒅 ∓𝒂 + 𝒅 𝒖𝒏𝒅
III 𝜽 − 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
IV 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝜽
Secant Function:
2𝜋
Amplitude: |𝑎| Period: 𝑏
Phase Shift: −𝑐 Vertical Shift: 𝑑
ሺ2𝑘+1ሻ
Domain: ቄ𝑥 ∈ 𝑅|𝑥 ≠ 4 𝑃 + 𝑃𝑆, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍ቅ
Range: ሺ−∞, −𝐴 + 𝑑] ∪ [𝐴 + 𝑑, ∞ሻ
Table of Values:
𝑷 𝑷 𝟑𝑷
𝒙 𝟎 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 ± 𝑷𝑺 P±𝑷𝑺
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ ±𝒂 + 𝒅 𝒖𝒏𝒅 ∓𝒂 + 𝒅 𝒖𝒏𝒅 ±𝒂 + 𝒅

Graph Of Tangent and Cotangent Functions:

Tangent Function:
𝜋
Amplitude: |𝑎| Period: 𝑏
Phase Shift: −𝑐 Vertical Shift: 𝑑
ሺ2𝑘+1ሻ𝑃
Domain: ቄ𝑥 ∈ 𝑅|𝑥 ≠ + 𝑃𝑆, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍ቅ
2
Range: ℝ

Table of Values:
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
𝒙 − ± 𝑃𝑆 − ± 𝑃𝑆 0 ± 𝑃𝑆 ± 𝑃𝑆 ± 𝑃𝑆
2 4 4 2
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ 𝒖𝒏𝒅 ∓𝒂 + 𝒅 𝐝 ±𝒂 + 𝒅 𝒖𝒏𝒅

Cotangent Function:
𝜋
Amplitude: |𝑎| Period: 𝑏
Phase Shift: −𝑐 Vertical Shift: 𝑑
Domain: ሼ𝑥 ∈ 𝑅|𝑥 ≠ 𝑃𝑘 + 𝑃𝑆, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍ሽ
Range: ℝ

Table of Values:
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
𝒙 − ± 𝑃𝑆 − ± 𝑃𝑆 0 ± 𝑃𝑆 ± 𝑃𝑆 ± 𝑃𝑆
2 4 4 2
𝒇ሺ𝒙ሻ 𝒖𝒏𝒅 ±𝒂 + 𝒅 𝐝 ∓𝒂 + 𝒅 𝒖𝒏𝒅
 RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES
1 1
sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 =
csc 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1 1
cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 =
sec 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 1
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
cot 𝜃 tan 𝜃
QUOTIENT IDENTITIES
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 tan2 𝜃 + 1 = sec 2 𝜃
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = csc 2 𝜃
ODD-EVEN IDENTITIES
cosሺ−𝜃ሻ = cos 𝜃 secሺ−𝜃ሻ = sec 𝜃

sinሺ−𝜃ሻ = −sin 𝜃 cscሺ−𝜃ሻ = −csc 𝜃

tanሺ−𝜃ሻ = −tan 𝜃 cotሺ−𝜃ሻ = −cot 𝜃

CO-FUNCTION IDENTITIES
𝜋 𝜋
sin ( − 𝜃) = cos 𝜃 csc ( − 𝜃) = sec 𝜃
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
cos ( − 𝜃) = sin 𝜃 sec ( − 𝜃) = csc 𝜃
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
tan ( − 𝜃) = cot 𝜃 cot ( − 𝜃) = tan 𝜃
2 2
The Sum and Difference Identities for Sine and Cosine

cosሺ𝐴 − 𝐵ሻ = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

cosሺ𝐴 + 𝐵ሻ = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

sinሺ𝐴 − 𝐵ሻ = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

sinሺ𝐴 + 𝐵ሻ = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

The Sum and Difference Identities for Tangent

𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵

tanሺ𝐴 + 𝐵ሻ = tanሺ𝐴 − 𝐵ሻ =
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵
The Double-Angle Formula
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A cos 2A = cos2 A − sin2 A

cos 2A = 2 cos 2 A − 1 cos 2A = 1 − 2 sin2 A

2 tan A
tan 2A =
1 − tan2 A
The Half-Angle Formulas

𝐴 1 − cos 𝐴 𝐴 1 + cos 𝐴
sin = ±√ cos = ±√
2 2 2 2

𝐴 sin 𝐴
tan =
2 1 + cos 𝐴
 Function Domain Range
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = arcsin 𝑥 [−1, 1] − ≤𝑦≤
2 2
𝑦 = arccos 𝑥 [−1, 1] 0≤𝑦≤𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = arctan 𝑥 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 − <𝑦<
2 2
𝜋
𝑦 = arcsec 𝑥 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝜋, 𝑦 ≠
2
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = arccsc 𝑥 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 − ≤𝑦≤ , 𝑦≠0
2 2
𝑦 = arccot 𝑥 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 0<𝑦<𝜋