DESIGN REPORT ON

“DESIGN OF WATER TANK”

SUBMITTED BY
SAHIL IRSHAD KAZI
(Reg. No. 2022BCE506)
(Student Civil Engineering Department,
SGGSIE&T, Nanded)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SHRI GURU GOBIND SINGHJI

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY VISHNUPURI,
NANDED (431606) M.S. INDIA

(ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-25)

 DESIGN OF WATER TANK FOR DHOKI TOWN (DHARASHIV)

Dhoki village is in Osmanabad district, Maharashtra, India. Here's a decade-wise overview of the
population in Dhoki village based on available census data:

Fig.No.1 TERNA DAM

Population Growth Trends (1951-2011)

Here's a detailed summary of the population and literacy trends in Dhoki village from 1951 to
2011:

Table No. 1 POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS (1951-2011)

TOTAL POPULATION
YEAR
1951 6832
1961 7486
1971 8597
1981 9862
1991 11,115
2001 12887
2011 14895

Table No. 2 SUMMARY OF POPULATION FORECAST

METHOD FORECASTED POPULATION 2041

ARTHIMATHIC METHOD 18929

GEOMETRIC METHOD 20484
INCREMENTAL INCREASE 20551
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH 23389
 Dhoki Population Forecasting
16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Graph No. 1 Population Forecasting

Combined Analysis of Arithmetic and Incremental Increase is taken.

1.1 DATA REQUIRED FOR DESIGN OF WATER TANK

1.1.1 DAILY REQUIREMENTS OF WATER

To design a water tank, we need to consider:

• Daily Water Requirement per Person: Typically, rural areas in India require about 70
to 100 liters (about 26.42 gal) per person per day. For Dhoki village, let's assume 100
liters (about 26.42 gal) per person per day for a safer estimate.
• Total Daily Water Requirement:

Total Daily Requirement= Population X Water Requirement per Person.

Total Daily Requirement=20,500×100=2,050,000 liters per day

1.1.2 LOCATION OF THE TANK

The location of the Tank is Eidgah in Dhoki Village.

Latitude: 18.2468° N

Longitude: 75.3825° E

Calculate the RL Difference

• RL of Eidgah: 660 meters
• RL of Lowest House: 640 meters
Difference in RL=660meters−640meters=20meters

• RL of Eidgah: 660 meters

• RL of Highest House: 640 meters

Estimated Distance from Eidgah to Farthest House: 2.4 kilometers (approximate)

1.1.3 SOURCE OF WATER

• Location: The Terna Dam is in the Osmanabad district of Maharashtra, India.

• Coordinates:
Latitude: 18.3592° N
Longitude: 76.1075° E

Fig No.2 TERNA DAM

1.2 DATA REQIRED FOR DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY FROM SOURCE

TO EIDGAH

1. Determine the Flow Rate

Based on previous calculations, the flow rate is:

• Flow Rate: 170.83 m³/hour (or 0.0474 m³/s).

2. Calculate the Pipe Diameter

To ensure adequate flow and minimize friction losses, calculate the pipe diameter. Here’s a
detailed method:
Assumptions:

• Velocity Range: Typically, between 1.5 to 2.5 m/s.

• Pipe Length: Assume 5 km (5,000 meters).

3.Calculate the Cross-Sectional Area:

A=Q/VA

Where, Q = Flow rate (m³/s), V = Flow velocity (m/s) Assuming a velocity of 2 m/s:
A=0.0237 m^2

4. Calculate Diameter:

A=(π/4)*D^2 174meters≈ 174m

Choose a standard pipe size, typically 200 mm (8 inches) for practical purposes.

5. Calculate Head Losses

Head Loss Due to Friction:

Use the Darcy-Weisbach formula:

hf=4.44m

Where:

• hf = Head loss due to friction (meters)

• f = Friction factor (dimensionless)
• L = Length of the pipe (meters)
• D = Diameter of the pipe (meters)
• V = Flow velocity (m/s)
• g= Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)

6. Determine Pumping Requirements

Total Dynamic Head (TDH):

TDH=Static Head+Friction Loss

Given:

• Static Head = 100 meters

• Friction Loss = 4.44 meters

TDH} = 100 + 4.44 = 104.44meters

7. Pump Power Calculation:

Using the previous calculations, if the total head required is approximately 104.44 meters,
recalculate pump power based on this TDH.

Summary

1. Pipe Diameter: Choose 200 mm (8 inches) based on flow rate and practical considerations.
2. Head Loss: Approximately 4.44 meters due to friction.
3. Total Dynamic Head: Approximately 104.44 meters.
4. Pipe Material: Select based on pressure rating and durability (e.g., PVC, ductile iron).
5. Pumping Requirements: Recalculate pump power to handle the total dynamic head.

This design ensures that the rising main is capable of handling the required flow while minimizing
friction losses and meeting practical standards. To determine the pump requirements for fulfilling
the dynamic head and flow rate, you need to consider the following:

6. Total Dynamic Head (TDH): 87.48 meters

7. Flow Rate: 170.83 m³/hour (or 0.0474 m³/s)

To Calculate the Pump Power

To determine the pump power required, you use the formula:

P=ρ⋅g⋅Q⋅HηP

Where:

• P = Pump power (Watts)

• ρ = Density of water (1000 kg/m3)
• g = Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2)
• Q= Flow rate (m³/s)
• H = Total Dynamic Head (meters)
• η = Pump efficiency (typically between 60% to 80%)

Assuming a pump efficiency (η) of 70% (0.70):

Convert Flow Rate to m³/s:

Q=170.833600≈0.0474 m3

Calculate the Pump Power:

P=1000⋅9.81⋅0.0474⋅87.480.70P

Watts≈60.4kW
7. Select the Pump

Choose a pump that can handle:

• Flow Rate: 170.83 m³/hour

• Total Dynamic Head: 87.48 meters
• Power Requirement: Approximately 60.4 kW

Ensure that the pump has the following characteristics:

• Flow Capacity: Meets or exceeds 170.83 m³/hour

• Head Capacity: Can handle at least 87.48 meters
• Power Rating: At least 60.4 kW

Summary

For the specified requirements:

• Total Dynamic Head: 87.48 meters

• Flow Rate: 170.83 m³/hour
• Pump Power: Approximately 60.4 kW
• Horse Power: 82.12HP

Choose a pump with a rating that meets these specifications to ensure efficient and reliable
operation

INTAKE STRUCTURE

Fig.No.3 ACTUAL LOCATION OF INTAKE STRUCTURE FOR PUMP INSTALLATION

1.3 COST OF LAYING PIPE

To estimate the cost of installing a 200mm diameter pipe for a water supply system over 5km,
several factors need to be considered:

Cost of the pipe (per meter) Cost of installation (trenching, labor, etc.) Additional costs (valves,
fittings, transportation, etc.)

1. Cost of the Pipe The cost of a 200mm (8-inch) diameter pipe varies depending on the material
(e.g., PVC, DI, HDPE, steel).For example, a Ductile Iron (DI) pipe may cost around ₹2,000 to
₹3,000 per meter, while a PVC pipe could be cheaper, around ₹1,500 to ₹2,000 per meter.

2. Installation Costs Installation costs typically include excavation, laying, backfilling, and labor.
This could add an additional ₹1,000 to ₹2,000 per meter.

3. Additional Costs Valves, fittings, transportation, and other contingencies might add another 10-
20% to the total cost.

Estimate Calculation Let’s assume a DI pipe with a cost of ₹2,500 per meter and installation
costs of ₹1,500 per meter.

Pipe Cost = ₹2,500 X 5,000 = ₹12,500,000

Installation Cost:= ₹1,500 X 5,000 = ₹7,500,000

Total Basic Cost= ₹12,500,000 + ₹7,500,000 = ₹20,000,000

Additional Costs (15% of Total Basic Cost): Additional Costs= 0.15 times ₹20,000,000 =
₹3,000,000 ]

Total Estimated Cost = ₹20,000,000 + ₹3,000,000 = ₹23,000,000

Final Estimate: The total estimated cost for laying a 200mm diameter water supply pipe over
5 km would be approximately ₹2.3 crores.

1.4 COST OF ELECTRICITY BILL

To calculate the electricity bill,

Energy Consumption (kWh)} = Power (kW)X Time (hours)

Energy Consumption} = 60.4 X 12 hours= 724.8 kWh

Let’s assume an average cost of electricity as ₹8 per kWh (this can vary based on location
and provider).

Electricity Bill}= 724.8 X ₹8/kWh} = ₹5798.4

]So, the electricity bill for running a 60.4 kW pump for 12 hours would be approximately
₹5798.4

Fig.No.4 ACTUAL LOCATION OF WATER TANK

 2. DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE BASE WATER TANK

GIVEN DATA:
Volume= 2050𝒎𝒎𝟐

Height= 5.5m

Freeboard=200mm

H effective = 5.3m

Fck= 20N/𝒎𝒎𝟐

SOLUTION:

1) Calculate Diameter of Circular Tank

V= A X H

AREA = 386.80 m^2 Diameter = 22.5m

2) Thickness of Vertical wall = 30𝐻 + 50 = 30𝑥5.3 = 50 = 210𝑚𝑚

T total = 230mm

𝑯𝟐 5.32
= =𝟔
𝐷𝑡 22.5𝑥0.21
3) Max. Hoop tension at bottom
𝐷
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛾𝑤 𝑥𝐻𝑥
2

22.5
10𝑥5.3𝑥 = 𝟓𝟗𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝑲𝑵
2

4) Reinforcement for Hoop Tension

𝑻𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟓𝟗𝟔.𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑
AST(Tension) = = = 𝟑𝟗𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝝈𝒔𝒕 𝟏𝟓𝟎

𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑥1000
𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝜋
𝑥162
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4 𝑥1000
3975

Spacing = Provide 16mm∅ diameter bars @ 100mm C/C

5) Tensile Stress in Concrete

As our thickness t = 230mm

𝑇
𝜎𝑡 =
1000𝑥𝑡 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡

⬚ 596.25𝑥103 𝑵 𝑵
𝜎𝑡 = =𝟕.𝟗𝟖 <0.27√𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑖.𝑒 𝟏𝟐
1000𝑥230+(14−1)𝑥3975 𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Thickness Percentage Ast

100 0.24

230 X

450 0.16

(0.16 − 0.24)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.24 + 𝑥(230 − 100) = 0.21
(450 − 100)

5) Distribution Steel Bars

0.210%

0.21
𝐴𝑆𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑥230𝑥1000
100

AST min = 483mm^2

𝜋
𝑥102
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4 𝑥1000
483

Spacing = 10mm diameter bars at 160mm C/C

6) AST slab 0.30%

Consider thickness of Slab as 300mm
0.3
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 100 𝑥300𝑥1000 =900𝑚𝑚2

AST = 900mm^2

𝜋
𝑥122
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4 𝑥1000 = 125.63𝑚𝑚
900

Provide 12mm∅ @ 120mm C/C

 3. DESIGN OF RIGID BASE WATER TANK

GIVEN DATA

VOLUME= 2050m^3

HEIGHT = 5.5 m

FREEBOARD = 200mm

H effective = 5.3m

Fck = 20N/mm^2

FE415

SOLUTION

1) Calculate Diameter of Circular Tank

V= A X H

AREA = 386.80 m^2 Diameter = 22.5m

2) Thickness of Vertical wall = 30𝐻 + 50 = 30𝑥5.3 = 50 = 210𝑚𝑚

T total = 230mm

𝑯𝟐 5.32
= =𝟔
𝐷𝑡 22.5𝑥0.21

3) Max. Hoop tension

𝐷
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥 𝛾𝑤 𝑥𝐻𝑥
2

22.5
0.514𝑥10𝑥5.3𝑥 = 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟒𝟕𝑲𝑵
2

4) Bending Moment
𝐵𝑀 = 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑥𝛾𝑤 𝑥𝐻3

0.0187𝑥10𝑥5.33 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟖𝟑𝑲𝑵. 𝑴

5) Depth Required
 27.83𝑥106
𝒅=√ = 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎
1.157𝑥1000
6) Tensile Stress in concrete
𝑇
𝜎𝑡 =
1000𝑥𝑡 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡

⬚ 306.47𝑥103 𝑵 𝑵
𝜎𝑡 = =𝟏.𝟏𝟗 <0.27√𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑖.𝑒 𝟏𝟐
1000𝑥230+(14−1)𝑥2043.13 𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐

7) Design constants:

𝝈cbc
𝐹𝑐𝑘 20 𝑵
𝝈𝒄𝒃𝒄 = = = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟕
3 3 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝝈st = 150 mpa

280 280
𝒎= = = 𝟏𝟒
3𝑥𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 3𝑥6.67

𝑚𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐
𝑲= = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖
𝑚𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 + 𝜎𝑠𝑡

1−𝐾
𝑱= = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕
3

𝑸 = 0.5𝑥𝐾𝑥𝐽𝑥𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐

𝑵
𝑸 = 0.5𝑥0.38𝑥0.87𝑥7 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟕
𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝑇 306.47𝑥103
8) AST(Tension) = = = 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟑. 𝟏𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝜎𝑠𝑡 150

𝜋
𝑥202
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4 𝑥1000 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝒎𝒎
2043.13

Spacing = Provide 20mm∅ diameter bars @ 150mm C/C

𝐵𝑀 27.83𝑥106
9) AST (Moment) = = = 927.20𝑚𝑚2
𝝈𝐬𝐭𝐱𝐉𝐱𝐝 150𝑥0.87𝑋230
 𝜋
𝑥122
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4 𝑥1000 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝒎𝒎
2043.13

Spacing Provide 12mm∅ diameter bars @ 122mm C/C

10) AST DISTRIBUTION STEEL

Thickness Percentage Ast

100 0.24

230 X

450 0.16

(0.16 − 0.24)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.24 + 𝑥(230 − 100) = 0.21
(450 − 100)

0.21
𝐴𝑆𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑥230𝑥1000
100

AST min = 483mm^2

𝜋
𝑥102
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4 𝑥1000
483

Spacing = 10mm diameter bars at 160mm C/C

11) AST slab 0.24%

0.24
𝐴𝑆𝑇𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 𝑥300𝑥1000
100

AST = 720𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝜋
𝑥122
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4 𝑥1000 = 157𝑚𝑚
720

Spacing = 12∅mm diameter bars @ 150mm C/C