CHAPTER-1

NUMBER SYSTEMS
MIND MAP

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 CHAPTER-1
NUMBER SYSTEMS

KEY POINTS

• 1, 2, 3, ............. are natural numbers which are represented by N.

• 0, 1, 2, 3, ............. are whole numbers which are represented by W.
• ............. –3. –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3 ............. are integers which are represented
by Z or I.
• A number is a rational if
p
(a) it can be represented in the form of q , where p and q are integers
and q ≠ 0.
OR

(b) its decimal expansion is terminating (e.g. = 0.4)

OR
(c) its decimal expansion is non-terminating recurring (repeating)
(e.g. = 0.1234234..........)
• A number is irrational number if
p
(a) it can not be represented in the form of q , where p and q are integers and
q ≠ 0.
OR
(b) its decimal expansion is non-terminating non-recurring (e.g.
0.1010010001...........)
• All rational and irrational numbers collectively form real numbers.
• There are infinite rational numbers between any two rational numbers.
• There is a unique real number corresponding to every point on the number line.
Also, corresponding to each real number, there is a unique point on the number
line.
• Rationalisation of a denominator means to change the Irrational denominator
to rational form.

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• To rationalise the denominator of , we multiply this by , where

a is a natural number and b is an integer.

• If r is rational and s is irrational then r + s, r – s, r . s are always irrational
r r
numbers but s may be rational or irrational. For r ≠ 0, r . s and s are always
irrational.
• Law of Exponents: Let a > 0 be a real number and m amd n are rational numbers,
then
(1) am an = am + n (2) am ÷ an = am – n
(3) (am)n = amn (4) am . bm = (ab)m

(5) a0 = 1 (6) a–m =

• For positive real numbers a and b, the following identities hold

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

(5)

All natural numbers, whole numbers and integers are rational

Prime Numbers: All natural numbers that have exactly two factors (i.e., 1 and
itself) are called prime numbers, e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, ... etc.
Composite Numbers: Those natural number which have more than two factors
are known as composite number. e.g., 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, ...
1 is neither prime nor composite.
where ‘a’ is positive real number and n is a positive integer

where a is positive real number. m and n are co-prime

integers and n > 0

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 Types of Numbers

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 NUMBER SYSTEMS

Very Short Answer Questions ( 1 mark)

1. Which of the following is a rational number?
(a) 1 + (b)
(c) 0 (d) π
2. Which of the following is irrational?

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
3. If x = 2 + then (1/x) is equal to

(a) 2 + (b)

(c) 2 – (d)

4. An irrational number between and is

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

5. If 52y = 25 then 5–y is equal to

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
Fill in the blanks:
6. = __________
7. The decimal expansion of the number is __________ and __________
8. __________ is a whole number but not a natural number.

9. = __________

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10. Between two distinct rational number there lie __________ rational numbers.
11. The sum and difference of rational and irrational number is always __________
numbers.
12. Every rational number is a __________ number.

13. Find a rational number between .

14. Express in the form , where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.

15. Find the value of in the form , where p & q are integres
and q ≠ 0.

16. Find the value of x, if 5x – 3. 32x – 8 = 225

17. Find the value of [(4 – 5(4 – 5)4]3

18. Write first five whole numbers in form, where p and q are integers
and q ≠ 0.
19. Find two irrational numbers between and .

20. Write two numbers whose decimal expansions are terminating.

21. Find the value of (256)0.16 × (256)0.09

22. Evaluate

23. What can be the maximum number of digits in the repeating block of digits in
the decimal expansion of .

Short Answer Type-I Questions (2 Marks)

24. Represent following on number line

(a) (b)

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25. Find the value of x,

26. Express the mixed recurring decimal in the form .

27. Simplify

28. Which of the following rational numbers will have a terminating decimal
expansion or a non-terminating repeating (recurring) decimal expansion?

(a) (b)

(c) (b)

29. Classify the numbers as terminating decimal or non-terminating recurring

decimal or non-terminating non-recurring decimals.
(a) 0.1666 (b) 0.27696
(c) 2.142857142857........ (d) 2.502500250002........
(e)

Also classify these numbers as rational and irrational numbers.

30. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational numbers.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) π

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31. Solve

(a) Add

(b) Multiply

(c) Divide by 3

Short Answer Type-II Questions (3 Marks)

32. If , then find the value of 11 (p + q)

33. Simplify

34. If 322x – 5 = 4 × 8x – 5 then find the value of x.

35. Evaluate

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

36. If 52x – 1 – (25)x – 1 = 2500 then find the value of x?

37. If x = , show that

38. If xyz = 1 then simplify

39. Find the value of x if

(a) 252x –3 = 52x + 3 (b) (4)2x – 1 – (16)x – 1 = 384

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40. Solve
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + + + + +
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4 4+ 5 5+ 6 6+ 7 7+ 8 8+ 9

41. Express 0.6 + + 0.47 in the form , where p and q are integers
and q ≠ 0.

Long Answer type Questions (5 marks)

42. Evaluate

43. Simplify

44. Simplify

45. Show that

46. Show that and , then find the value of a2 + b2 + ab

47. If x = then find

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)

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 (g) (h)

(i)

48. If P = find

(a) (b)

(c)

49. Find the value of

50. If then prove that m – n = 2

51. If x = 2y and . Find the value of y.

52. If a = 2, b= 3 then find the values of the following

(a) (ab + ba)–1 (b) (aa + bb)–1

53. If ab + bc + ca = 0, find the value of

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 CHAPTER-1
NUMBER SYSTEM
ANSWERS
1. (c) 0

2. (d)

3. (c)

4. (a)

5. (d)

6.
7. Non-terminating and non-repeating
8. 0
9. 3
10. Infinite
11. Irrational
12. Real

13. Hint: or make denominators equal

: (other answer are also possible)

14.

15.

16. Hint: Compare powers

x=5
17. –1

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18.

19.

Two irrational No. 5.012301234012345........

5.1378424134876........
(other answers are also possible)

20. (other answers are also possible)

21. 4

22.

23. 6

25. Hint: cubing on both sides

= 53
2x + 3 = 125
x = 61

26.

27. 1
28. (a) Terminating decimal
(b) Non-terminating but recurring decimal
(c) Hint: simplify it first
Terminating decimal
(d) Non-terminating but recurring decimal

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29. (a) Terminating decimal/Rational number
(b) Terminating decimal/Rational number
(c) Non-terminating but repeating/Rational number
(d) Non-terminating non-Repeating/Irrational number
(e) Non-terminating but Repeating/Rational number.

30. (a) Rational

(b) Rational
(c) Irrational
(d) Rational
(e) Irrational

31. (a)

(b)

(c)
32. Hint: Rationalise the denominator

– 41

33. Hint:

34. Hint:
25(2x – 5) = 22 × 23(x – 5)
210x – 25 = 23x – 15 + 2
10x – 25 = 3x – 13

x=

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35. (a) Hint :

(b) Hint: =

(c) 25

(d)

36. Hint:
52x – 1 – 52(x – 1) = 54 × 22

= 54 × 22
x=3
37. Hint:

= =4

= ±2

38. Hint: replace

y=

−1 −1
1  xz + 1 + x   x + xz + 1 
= + 2  + 
1 + x + xz  x   x 

= =1

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39. (a) Hint:
52(2x – 3) = 52x + 3

x=
(b) Hint:
22(2x – 1) – 24(x – 1) = 27 × 3
24x – 2 – 24x – 4 = 27 × 3
24x – 2 (1 – 2–2) = 27 × 3

x=
40. Hint:

=
41.

42. 4
43. 1
44. 1
45. 1
46. Hint:
a = 13 − 2 42

b=
(a + b) – ab = a2 + b2 + ab
2

a2 + b2 + ab =
a2 + b2 + ab = (26)2 – (169 – 168)
= 676 – 1 = 675

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47. (a) 18
(b)
(c) 322
(d)
(e) Hint:

= 183 – 3 × 18 = 5778
(f) Hint:

=
(g)
(h) 4
(i) 135 +

48. (a) 98
2 1  1  1
(b) Hint: P − 2
−40 6
 P +  P −  =
=
P  P  P
2
1  1 
(c) Hint: P + 4=  P 2 + 2  − 2= 9602
4

P  P 

49. 214

50. Hint:

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 =

33n – 3m = 3–6
n – m = –2
∴ m–n = 2
51. Hint:

= 360

= 360

32x = 81
x=2
y=1

52. (a)

(b)

53. Hint: ab = –(bc + ca); bc = – (ca + ab); ca = –(ab + bc)

=0

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 CHAPTER-1
NUMBER SYSTEM
PRACTICE TEST
Time: 1 hr M.M: 20

1. Write one rational number and one irrational number. (1)

2. If p = then find the value of . (1)

5
3. Simplify 4 3 + 3 48 − 12 (2)
2
4. If (5)2x – 1 – (25)x – 1 = 2500 then find the value of x. (2)

5. Find the value of x and y

(3)
6. Represent on number line (3)
7. Simplify:

(3)

8. Express the following in the form where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
0.4 + 0.18 + 0.2 (5)

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