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Infra Red Proximity Sensor Using LM358

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28 views

Infra Red Proximity Sensor Using LM358

Uploaded by

zikas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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instructables

Infra-Red Proximity Sensor Using LM358

by ElectroMaker958

This is an instructable about making of an IR Proximity sensor

Step 1: Watch the Video

Before we proceed, I Recommend you to watch the full video first. There you will find full process about making of
this simple circuit on a breadboard. Visit my channel 'ElectroMaker' For more details.

Step 2: Have a Look at the Schematic

Infra-Red Proximity Sensor Using LM358: Page 1


Step 3: Order the Needed Parts

IC1- Any OP-Amp IC Will work like LM324, LM358, L3- Normal LED (Any color, Color doesn't really
CA3130 etc. (We are using it as a comparator) matter)

R1- 100K Potentiometer/ Variable Resistor B1- 6 To 12 Volts DC

R2- 100 - 1K

R3- 10K Buy electronic components with cheaper price and


free shipping: utsource.com
L1- Infra-Red LED (IR LED)(IR Transmitter)

L2- Infra-Red Receiver(IR Photo-Diode)(IR Sensor)

Step 4: How This Circuit Works?

Infra-Red Proximity Sensor Using LM358: Page 2


Well, Our aim in this circuit is to light up an LED or amount of infared light falling on it. Let's say when the
Buzzer whenever any obstacle comes near to the distance b/w IR LED and the obstacle is 2 cm, the
sensor, so first we have an Infra-Red Photodiode of current produced by the photodiode is 200 micro-
whose negative terminal is connected to positive rail amps (not the exact value, it maybe different) so the
and it's positive terminal to the negative rail Via a voltage will be 0.0002 Amps (200 micro-amps) *
10K resistor. Whenever infrared light falls on the 10000 (10K ) = 2 Volts. The more infrared light
photodiode, a small amount of current is produced will fall higher the current produced by the photodiode
which is very less in magnitude somewhere in Micro- and that means higher the voltage at the positive
Amps range. Then we need some infrared light, right? terminal of the photodiode and Vice-Versa. Then we
So we used a infrared with a current limiting resistor have a Potentiometer/ Variable resistor which acts as
to provide us some infrared light, so what happens is a Voltage divider. The formula to calculate Vout=
when any obstacle or any object comes near to the (Rbottom/ Rbottom + Rtop * Vin) so when the
infrared light, the infrared light strikes the object or potentiometer is more towards the GND (Negative
obstacle which is in front of the infrared LED and rail) which also means the resistance towards Vcc
reflects back to infrared photodiode which then (Positive rail) is more then that of towards GND, then
converts it into certain amount of current (in micro- the voltage at the middle pin of the potentiometer
amps range) and as we have an 10K resistor from (Vout) will be high and Vice-Versa. That means we
positive terminal of the photodiode to GND, the small can vary our output voltage from 0 to 9 Volts (The
current gets converted into voltage and which is maximum is our input voltage itself). Now we have
calculated by the ohms law (V= IR) where R Is two voltages, one from photodiode and another one
constant 10K and I which current changes with from variable resistor (potentiometer) so how can we

use this two voltages to trigger an LED? The best positive terminal of the photodiode (voltage depends
way is to compare those two different voltages. And on infrared light) to non-inverting input (Pin 3) So
we will do it by using an component called whenever the voltage at Pin 3 gets higher than the
'Comparator' which is just an op-amp without any Pin 2, the Pin 1 (output of the comparator) goes high
feedback attach b/w it's output and non- inverting (The output voltage will be your input voltage itself +
input (one marked with + sign), it works as a little voltage loss which is tiny and barely noticeable,
comparator. In simple terms, If the voltage at the non- and when Pin 2 is higher that Pin3, the output goes
inverting input (one marked with the +) is higher than Low (0V) Now you know why we call that
the voltage at the inverting input (one marked with -), potentiometer as a sensitivity control. If you have
the output will go high (output positive voltage) and doubt in something, Feel free to ask us in the
Vice- Versa. So we connect the middle pin of the comment section of our videos.
potentiometer (adjustable output voltage) Inverting
input (Pin 2 of the LM358 that we are using) and the

Infra-Red Proximity Sensor Using LM358: Page 3


Step 5: Troubleshooting Guide

If your circuit doesn't work, Follow the steps below. If any battery along with a 1K OHM Series resistor and
it doesn't help, Feel free to ask us in comment section seeing it through a digital camera (It looks pinkish in
of our videos. color and is not visible by naked eye)

1. Check the IC (OP-AMP)(COMPARATOR) 6. Make sure that your potentiometer is connected the
right way
2. Make sure you have connected the pins of
comparator the right way 7. If your LED OR BUZZER Blinks or sounds
continuously than turn your potentiometer more
3. Make sure other connections are okay towards Positive power supply

4. Make sure your Photodiode is okay, Try using 8. Make sure your power supply is connected the
another one right way, Your circuit may be damaged by exposing
it to high voltages or reverse polarities.
5. Make sure your IR LED Is okay by connecting it to
Looks nice, what range do you have with the sensor?

Infra-Red Proximity Sensor Using LM358: Page 4

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