Scribd
Upload
7 views

Lecture 23-24

Uploaded by

anutyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Lecture 23-24

Uploaded by

anutyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Lecture 23-24

Ajay Kumar
[email protected]

October 23, 2023


Matrix of Linear Transforms
Coordinates

Let B = {v1 , . . . , vn } be an ordered basis for the vector space V. Let v


be a vector in V, and let c1 , . . . , cn be the unique scalars such that
v = c1 v1 + · · · + cn vn . Then c1 , . . . , cn are called the coordinates of v
 
c1
 .. 
relative to B. In this case we write [v]B =  .  and refer to the vector
cn
[v]B as the coordinate vector (matrix) of v relative to B.
Exercise
Let V = R2 [x] and B = {1, x − 1, (x − 1)2 } be its basis. Then find the
coordinates of p(x) = 2x2 − 2x + 1 with respect to B.
Matrix of Linear Transformation

Matrices have played an important role in our study of linear algebra.


In this section we establish the connection between matrices and
linear transformations. To illustrate the idea, recall that given any
m × n matrix A, we can define a linear transformation T : Rn → Rm by
T(x) = Ax. For example, if T : R3 → R2 be a linear transformation,
3
and B be the
 standard basis of R with  
1 −1 0
T(e1 ) = , T(e2 ) = , T(e3 ) = , then
1 2 1
 
  v1
T(v) = v1 T(e1 ) + v2 T(e2 ) + v3 T(e3 ) = T(e1 ) T(e2 ) T(e3 ) v2 .
v3
 
  1 −1 0
Thus T(v) = Av, where A = T(e1 ) T(e2 ) T(e3 ) = .
1 2 1
Let V and W be finite dimensional vector spaces with ordered bases
B = {v1 , . . . , vn } and B0 = {w1 , . . . , wm }. Since T(vi ) ∈ W, there exists
unique scalars aij , 1 ≤ i ≤ n, 1 ≤ j ≤ m such that

T(v1 ) = a11 w1 + a21 w2 + · · · + am1 wm


T(v2 ) = a12 w1 + a22 w2 + · · · + am2 wm
..
.
T(vn ) = a1n w1 + a2n w2 + · · · + amn wm .
Then the matrix
a11 a12 · · · a1n
 
 a21 a22 · · · a2n   
 = [T(v1 )]B0 [T(v2 )]B0 · · · [T(vn )]B0 is
 
 . . . .
 .. .. .. .. 
am1 am2 · · · amn
called matrix of linear transformation T relative to B and B0 , denoted
0
by [T]BB . In case if T : V → V is a linear transformation (operator) and
B is a fixed basis for V, then we write [T]B for [T]BB
Exercise
Let V and W be finite dimensional vector spaces with ordered bases
B = {v1 , . . . , vn } and B0 = {w1 , . . . , wm } respectively, and let
T : V → W be a linear transformation. Then the coordinates of T(v)
0
relative to B are given by [T(v)]B0 = [T]BB [v]B .
Exercise
Let T : R2 → R3 be the linear transformation defined by
 
  x2
x1
T(v) = T = x1 + x2  and let
x2
x1 − x2
     
     1 1 1 
1 3
B= , and B0 = 0 , 1 , 1
2 1  
0 0 1

be ordered bases of R2 and R3 . Then


0
1. find the matrix [T]BB
 
−3 0
2. for v = , verify [T(v)]B0 = [T]BB [v]B .
−2
−1 −3
 
0
Answer. [T]BB =  4 2 .
−1 2

You might also like