Humanities, Assumptions, and Nature of Arts rhetoric, history, literature, music and philosophy, a

body of knowledge aimed to make a man, a full

Humanities human - cultured, refined and well-rounded. This
• The word humanities comes from the Latin word developed from the concept which recognized man's
humanus which means human who is refined, essential worth as a member of society. - Dr.
cultured, and worthy of the dignity of man. Francisco Zulueta, (2003)
• It is also based on the philosophical view of the
sophist's dictum of the Greek Pythagoras, who said Arts: Nature and Meaning
that "man is the measure of all things" • The term art (from the Latin word ars) is often used
• The study of humanities includes the appreciation to describe the arts, which consist of painting,
of the arts which can strengthen our values about life sculpture, architecture, literature, dance, music, and
and reality. film.
• The Webster dictionary def hes humanities as any • Art is an expression of our thoughts, emotions,
of the branches of learning embraced by philosophy, intuitions, and desires, but it is even more personal
literature, language, art, excluding theology, natural than that: it is about sharing the way we experience
and social sciences the world, which for many is an extension of
• As the artist conveys his thoughts, beliefs, values personality.
and feelings through his artwork, whether it is visual, • It is the communication of intimate concepts that
literary or the performing arts, we begin to cannot be faithfully portrayed by words alone. And
aesthetically open and educate our senses. because words alone are not enough, we must find
• "Though they had eyes to see they saw to avail: some other vehicle to carry out our intent.
they had ears, but understood not; but like the shape • But the content that we instill on or in our chosen
in dreams, throughout the lengths of days, without media is not in itself the art. Art is to be found in how
purpose they wrought all things in confusion” - the media is used, the way in which the content is
Aeschylus, a fifth century Greek dramatist expressed.
observation about human beings. • Art is a way of grasping the world. Not merely the
• To become totally and truly human, we must physical, which is what science attempts to do; but
therefore learn how to use and enjoy our senses, or the whole world, and specifically, the human world,
we may become part of what the psychologist society and spiritual experience.
RudolpArnheim observed about a "generation that • Art emerged around 50,000 years ago, long before
has lost touch of its sense" the cities and civilizations, yet in forms to which we
• "What is important now is to recover our senses. can still directly relate. The wall paintings is the
We must learn to see more, to hear more, to feel Lascaux caves, which so startled Picasso, have
more... The aim of all commentary on art now should been carbon dated at around 17,000 years old.
be able to make works of art- and by analogy, our • Art cannot be simply defined on the basis of
own experience more rather than less, real than us... concrete tests like ‘fidelity of representations’or
his function of criticism should be to show how it is, vague abstract concepts like beauty, so, how can we
even that it is what it is, rather than to how what it define art in terms of applying to both cave dwellers
means” and modern sophisticates? What does art do? -it
• "The humanities are the stories, the ideas, and the provokes an emotional, rather than simply cognitive
words that help us make sense of our lives and our response
world. The humanities introduce us to people we
have never met, places we have never visited, and Art: Definition
ideas that may have never crossed our minds. By • Art consists of shareable ideas that have a
showing how others have lived and thought about shareable emotional impact. Art need not produce
life, the humanities help us decide what is important beautiful objects or events, since a great piece of art
in our own lives and what we can do to make them could validly arouse emotions other than those
better" aroused by beauty, such as terror, anxiety or
• By connecting us with other people, they point the laughter. Yet to drive an acceptable philosophical
way to answers about what is right or wrong, or what theory of art from this understanding means tackling
is true to our heritage and our history. The the concept of “emotion” head on, and philosophers
humanities help us address the challenges we face have been notoriously reluctant to do this.
together in our families, our communities, and as a • The Roman poet Lucretius refers to art as skills,
nation. which Greek mythological Titan Prometheus
• Humanities is defined as the set of disciplines bestowed to man, enabling him to improve the
taught in universities which include grammar, material conditions of his existence. However,
according to the classical Greek philosophers, art is • An art embraces the visual arts, paintings,
an imitation of reality, art copies something of the sculpture, architecture, and graphic arts, and the
world. The idealist Greek philosopher Plato defines it auditory and performing arts, music, dance, theater,
as an "imitation of imitation" opera and cinema and literature.
• "The painting of a bed is a copy of a concrete bed, • Art applies to such activities that expresses
which is a copy of the ideal form of bed. If art is aesthetic ideas using skills and imagination in the
imitating an imitation of an ideal, then art is doubly creation of objects through experiences about the
divorced from reality and therefore doubly inferior" environment or through other personal collective
• Aristotle defines art as an imitation, but imitation is experiences, which can be shared worthy to others.
not of the ideal world but of the real physical world. • Throughout history, art is seen as a realm of pure
For him, “art is a reflection or a mirror of reality” emotion, the unfathomable territory of a dark
• The classical idea of art as a mimesis (imitation) mystery, a human product whose nature and
had long been accepted for centuries. Thus works or function are impervious to reason and objective
art are best judged according to similitude; the better definition. Yet recent times have witnessed
the imitation, the better the art. Today, however, not phenomena that heightened urgency to the question
all art is imitative or representative, there are new of the nature of the art..
forms of art such as expressionist and conceptual • Anything accomplished with great art skill. Hence,
art. there are the specialized arts such as those arts of
• Until the end of the 18 century, the word art was teaching, and the art of acupuncture.
broadly used to cover all human skill and all the • These are also the art of speaking, sartorial art
things which human beings are able to produce by (dressing), culinary art (cooking), and the other
skilled workmanship. Hence the term artisan came practical arts such as the art of metallurgy.
from it. Centuries later, Rousseau spoke of • Art is present in almost all human activities. We
metallurgy and agriculture as two arts which brought also have different forms of martial arts-judo, karate,
civilization to humanity during the 19th century, the taekwondo, arnis, etc., even in modern technology,
term art came to be used primarily for the so-called the phrase 'state of the art' means. quintessential or
fine arts. technically perfect workmanship.
• Artwork is something produced with the intention of
Liberal Arts giving it; capacity to satisfy aesthetic interest. The
• Originally, the term liberal arts (from Latin word intention means a combination of desire and
Liberalis), which means "suitable for a freeman" belief, with the goal of producing a work capable of
refers to seven (7) courses of university study that satisfying the aesthetic interest.
were offered during the medieval period: grammar, • A work of art may serve as an exercise in skill and
rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and manually dexterity but skill itself does not define art,
astronomy. The primary and most basic aim of though it is possible to examine the products of an
liberal arts education is the fullest possible artist as the result of skilled manipulation of
development of the individual is not only its materials.
fundamental aim but also for democracy to work. • "To evoke in oneself a feeling one has once
• By exploring issues, ideas and methods across the experienced, and having evoked it in oneself, then
humanities and the arts, and the natural and social by means of movements, lines, colors, sounds, or
sciences, you will learn to read critically, write forms expressed through words, so to convey this so
cogently and think broadly. These skills will elevate that others may experience the same feeling this is
your conversations in the classroom and strengthen the activity of art. Hence, there is a difference
your social and cultural analysis; they will cultivate between an artisan and artist.” - Tolstoy (1986)
the tools necessary to allow you to navigate the
world's most complex issues. Importance of Art
• "Teaches a man to see things as they are, to go • Timeless Art - the art constitutes of the oldest and
right to the point, to disentangle a skein of thought, most important means of expression developed by
to detect what is sophisticated and to discard what is man. Art is not only found in all ages; but it is present
irrelevant. It prepares him to fill any post credit, and in all countries. No matter the country, there is
to master any subject with facility" always art. Works of arts have been preserved
because they meet the needs of people and because
Nature of Art they are appreciated and enjoyed. The timelessness
• It covers those areas of artistic creativity that seek about art makes people feel it is not old; art does not
to communicate beauty or ugly subjects primarily grow old.
through the senses.
• Art imitates Life and Reality- art is born in o It is a means of communication
experience; it is the footprint of fingerprints of the o It is timeless
artist' experience of life in a reality. Artists live in o It addresses human needs
green time, place, and culture. Some artworks are √ Culture - pattern of behaviors, ideas and value
therefore statements, which probed and analyzed √ Art - the taste in art and manners that are favored
concepts of life and reality during their time. by a social group
• Art has Intrinsic Worth - humanities are generally o The sensitivity and imagination of an artist is
regarded as the areas in which human values and a what can make a culture
person's creativity are celebrated. Every creative o Art defines culture
work of art has a "lifetime enhancing value. Although o Art is an articulation and transmission of new
art can be used as spiritual values, it cannot be used information and values
up nor be exhausted. A great masterpiece of art is Art is Experience
never out of date; they tend to magnify their value • Art then is not merely the process by artist; it
through the ages, and the ages to come. involves both the artist and the active observer who
encounter each other, their mental environments,
Values of Art and their culture at large.
• Aesthetic Value - beauty is truth, truth is beauty; • The creation of art must be something of personal
that is all you know on earth and all you need to and knowledgeable value
know • A work of art cannot be abstracted from actual
• Didatic Value- advocates that art can be an doing. In order to know what an artwork is, we have
effective means to show what is moral, that art can to sense it, see and hear it.
improve the moral fiber of society.
• Religious Value - art is supposed to increase Creativity
awareness of man's relationship with God and to • It is a phenomenon whereby something new and
promote better and stronger bonds between God somehow valuable is formed. The created item may
and man. be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a
• Historical Value - this is present if an art tells us musical composition, or a joke) or a physical object
something significant aspects about the past. (such as an invention, a printed literary work, or a
• Socio- Political Value - this is used to clarify some painting)
problems of society and government. For example, • Scholarly interest in creativity is found in a number
Jose Rizal's novel "Noli me Tangere" and Juna of disciplines, primarily psychology, business
Luna's "Spolarium" studies, and cognitive science, but also education,
• Scientific Value - it is an art if it informs us about technology, engineering. philosophy, sociology,
the earth, outer space, psychology, numbers, etc. linguistics, economics, and mathematics, covering
• Commercial Value - exist if the artwork can sell for the relations between creativity and general
a fortune. intelligence, personality type, mental and neural
• Pragmatic Value - this is the practical value of an processes, mental health or artificial intelligence;
artwork. the potential for fostering creativity through education
• Therapeutic Value - art has been explored by and training, the fostering of creativity for national
medical sciences. economic benefit, and the application of creative
• Personal Value - this is flexible. It can be Socratic resources to improve the effectiveness of teaching
in approach. "Know thyself" theory through art can and learning.
lead to self- discovery, greater self-awareness, self- • The English word creativity comes from the Latin
development, self- expression which at the same word creare which means "to create, make”
time is a form of communication and ideally self- • The word create appeared in English as early as
fulfillment. 14th century, to indicate divine creation
• However, its modern meaning as an act of human
Assumptions of Art creation did not emerge until after the Enlightenment.
Art is Universal
• Art is a universal phenomena and is as old as Imagination
human beings. Every society has its own art, which • It is the ability to produce and simulate novel
is encouraged and molded by the patronage it gets objects, people and ideas in the mind without any
from its members. Artists as members of society immediate input of the senses
create such works of art in accordance with the • It is also described as the forming of experiences in
existing relations in the society. one's mind, which can be re-creations of past
o Art is available to everyone experiences such as vivid memories with imagined
changes, or they can be completely invented and GENERAL ELEMENTS OF ART
possibly fantastic scenes ● ILLUSTRATIVE ELEMENT: Refers to the subject
• Imagination helps make knowledge applicable in matter. What is being talked about.
solving problems and is fundamental to integrating ●DECORATIVE ELEMENT:These are the elements
experience and the learning process. A basic training used in illustrating and beautifying the subject
of imagination is listening to storytelling (narrative) in ●MEDIUM: This pertains to the technique or method
which the exactness of the chosen words is the employed in making the artwork.
fundamental factor to evoke worlds ●MATERIAL: This includes all what to use in
• Imagination is a cognitive process used in mental executing the artwork.
functioning and sometimes used in conjunction with ●STYLE: This refers to the personal rendition of the
psychological imagery. It is considered as such artist, how he executes the task given him. Style
because it involves thinking about possibilities relates one with the other and distinguishes one from
another.
Values of Art in Society
•Art appreciation helps to open the mindset of the ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS: LINE
people by listening to different perspectives and ● It is an extension from one point to another
views as well as interpretations of art ● It is the distance from one point to the next
•Art affects culture and society in various ways and ● Itconnotes direction
promotes communication between cultures, being a ● It is used to illustrate a subject, to draw a figure, it
universal language that breaks cultural barriers and traces silhouettes or the shape of an object
give people respect for the beliefs and tradition of ● It can be bold, or thick, thin, or delicate, it can be
others dotted or imaginary.
•The significance of art in society is to serve and
fulfill our sense of beauty and wonder about the ELEMENTS OF ARTS:LINE
world and provides an outlet for creative expression ● HORIZONTAL LINE: This signifies peacefulness,
and documentation of history calmness, rest, relaxation, contemplation, repose,
•It brings different people together as well as and acceptance.
understands each other. Lessons acquired from. ● VERTICAL LINE: This suggests ambition,
these subjects can be applied in learning positive aspiration, victory, nobility, strength, and balance. It
behaviors and lifestyle that needs consistency arouses feelings of exaltation and uplift.
•Scientific students have proven that art appreciation ● DIAGONAL LINE: This suggests dynamic action,
improves our quality of life and make us feel good, anxiety, stress, frustration, and defeat, conflict and
creating an art elevates our mood and improve our violence
ability to solve problems and lead to open our minds ● CURVE LINE: It suggests gracefulness. It
to new ideas connotes aspirations but it bends down as to accept
• Art influences society by changing opinions, in humility
instilling values and expressing experiences across
space and time. Research have shown that art ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS: COLOR
affects the fundamental sense of self. Painting, ● It is the property of light reflected in man's eye.
sculpture, music, literature, and other arts are ● It is composed of light wave length representing
considered to be the repository of a society's all the color of the rainbow
collective memory. ● Light wave is/are absorbed by the object.

ELEMENTS OFART ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS: COLOR

● Anything that catches the focus of the eyes is a ● HUE: It is the ordinary name of color. It can be
visual art. classified into warm and
● The art which is visible and can be caught by the cool colors.
eyes from the angle and direction may either be
God-given or man-made, thus a visual art can be PRIMARY COLOR
tendered to the eyes through divine power and ● BLUE it is associated with coolness, distance,
human talent. loneliness, peace, royalty, and loyalty
● The word visual is rooted from the Greek word ● YELLOW it is a versatile color. It represents joy,
"ars" which means to make. The word visual arts richness, intelligence and justice.
therefore, means to make something that can be ● RED-it is a warm color. It connotes passion which
perceived through the sense of sight. is a strong intense emotion. It is associated with
love, hate, anger, and rebellion and violence.
 ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS: MASS AREA
SECONDARY COLOR ● They take form of shapes
● ORANGE- it is a mixture of red and yellow. It ● These are two-dimensional shapes
suggest delicious food
● GREEN- it is a mixture of yellow and blue. It ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS: VOLUME
connotes life, youth and hope. ● When mass takes geometric forms
● VIOLET- it is a mixture of blue and red. It
connotes royalty ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS : AMOEBOID
SHAPE
INTERMEDIATE COLOR: It is the mixture or ● These are shapes which have no definite form.
primary and secondary color
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS: LINEAR
TERTIARY COLOR PERSPECTIVE
● Results from a mixture of two secondary color ● This is enunciated by the principle of two parallel
● Results from the equal mixture of primary color lines receding into distance seem to meet at a
with either of the secondary color adjacent to it on vanishing point
the color wheel ● It can be observed when one stands at the center
of a straight street, one will notice that the lines on
COMPLIMENTARY COLOR each side of the street gets narrower and narrower
● Refers to two colors opposite each other in the as it recedes into distance and finally the two lines
color wheel. seems to meet
● Black is the dullest of the colors. It suggests
gloom, despair, death and mourning. It also suggests Composition or Organization in Art
mystery. However, by cultural orientation, black is a ● Composition or organization in art is the technique
color of formality of combining together all the elements of art to
● White-connotes purity, innocence, neutrality produce a harmonious, balanced and proportioned
beautiful work of art.
ELEMENTS OFVISUAL ARTS: COLOR ● Artists utilize organizing principles to develop
● VALUE: Refers to the lightness and darkness of forms that inform.
color ● Whether analyzing or composing artwork, one
● TINT: When white is mixed with a light color must have a complete understanding of how art
● PINK is amixture of red and white. It connotes principles are created.
light tender emotions or love. It also suggests
femininity. PRINCIPLES IN COMPOSITION
● SHADE: When white is mixed with a dark color REPETITION - RHYTHM - EMPHASIS
● GRAY: it is a combination of white and black. It
signifies solidity, heaviness and neutrality. ● EMPHASIS - It refers to the need for an artist to
● INTENSITY: It is the term given to the brightness create a focal point within an artwork.
and dullness of color. Colors may vary in intensity ● It is the regular occurrence of an element which
and value. serves for emphasis.
● This artistic point is an essential part of a work of
ELEMENTS OFVISUAL ARTS: TEXTURE art, and the viewer's eye should be drawn to that
● It is the characteristic of surface. area.
● It is used by a blind person to interpret art ● The psychological implication that matters is that
● Artist utilizes texture to accentuate or highlight repetition provides security.
their work ● RHYTHM-It refers to the visual pattern within a
● It can be rough, smooth, grainy, sandy, slimy, soft work of art. Models within an artwork are created by
or hard repeating certain colors, lines or shapes in specific
● It is used to beautify an artwork areas.
CONTRAST - MOVEMENT ● CONTRAST
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS: LIGHT AND -It is the sudden appearance of the unexpected
SHADOW element which serves for interest, challenge and
● Applying light and shadow or shading makes an adventure.
object look round. ● MOVEMENT - it is the way that an eye moves
throughout the work of art. In this work of art, our eye
move up through the pattern in the rippling surface of
the water to the two paddlers. An artist creates a
visual movement to drive the eye to the focal point of
the artwork.

VARIATION
● This serves as the highlight or accent of the art
work.
● This is accomplished by using different colors,
lines and shapes within an artwork to make key
areas stand out.
● Artists use this idea to direct the viewer's to a place
within the art that he or she wants to emphasize.

BALANCE
● This refers to the arrangement of elements
according to distance in relation to the focal point
which is the center.
● It refers to the symmetry of opposing visual forces.
● It is created in a work of art when colors, forms,
shapes or textures are combined harmoniously.

BALANCE: KINDS OF BALANCE

●FORMAL / SYMMETRICAL / CLASSICAL

BALANCE - the distance from the left is equal to the
distance to the right in relation to the focal center
point.
● INFORMAL / ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE - it is
attained when objects of different forms or shapes or
numbers are arranged on the left-right side or up-
down yet appears to have equal weight.

PROPORTION
● This refers to the arrangement of elements
according to size in relation to the other elements.
● This principle is created when the sizes of
elements in an artwork are combined harmoniously.
The artist usually tries to make all of the parts in a
composition relate logically to each other to depict
the human form within the proper proportion

HARMONY
● When all the elements blend together creating
unity in the artwork.
● This is accomplished by using similar types of
geometric shapes, lines or colors within a work of art
to create a unif ed composition.
● Using various cool or warm colors would help
produce a harmonious work of a