International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT)

(E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
Special Issue National Conference “CONVERGENCE 2018”, 09 th April 2018

A Review on Different Types of Starter Used For

Induction Motor
Priyanka R. Tomar1, Sarita S. Kharat2, Jayshri K. Jadhao3, Prof. Vaibhav S. Yendole4 , Prof. Parag R.
Jawale5
Student Electrical (E&P) Engineering Department 1, 2, 3, ,Faculty of Electrical (E&P) Engineering Department
4,5

Email: [email protected] , [email protected] ,[email protected]

1

[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract- The basic requirement for studying starting of Induction motor are the starting current of Induction
motor and the voltage flicker during start up. This paper will summarize several common methods and provide
application guidelines for proper selection of starting devices. Starting method reviewed will include different
types of starters, comparative study for DOL starter & autotransformer starter, obtained for different cable
length, with & without capacitor connected across motor itself. Finally it is concluded that starting current is
less in case of autotransformer starter. Starting current & starting time can be further reduced and voltage
profile can be improved with the use of capacitor at the motor terminal as a compensating device.
Keywords: starter, starting current, starting torque, starters for squirrel cage and wound rotor induction
motor, need for starters.

1. INTRODUCTION square of the voltage, the starting torque also

Induction motors are widely used as an electric reduces.
drives in various industrial applications like This type is used for the induction motor, the stator
industrial motion control systems & to drive winding of which is nominally delta-connected.
various machines, such as pumps, fans, This is a simple starter, which can be easily
compressors, conveyors, spindles, as well as in reconfigured.
main powered home appliances. Electric drives can
be classified basically as DC drives & AC drives.
The rectifier unit increases the cost of the unit used
for DC drives. Simple and rugged design, low-cost,
low maintenance and direct connection to an AC
power source are the main advantages of using AC
induction motors. For variable speed the industries
use the asynchronous motor i.e. Induction motor.
Induction motors are the most common motors
used in industrial motion control systems & to
drive various machines, such as pumps, fans,
compressors, conveyors, spindles, to name just a
few, as well as in main powered home appliances.
Induction motors are widely used in industry.
1. STAR-DELTA STARTER
In the star-delta starting method, the wiring
connection from the power supply source to the
motor is connected from star (wye) to the delta
connection. The motor is started in star Fig :- 1 Star Delta Starter
configuration and then it is transferred to the delta
Configuration, allowing the full voltage to be As the voltage per phase in delta connection is , the
applied to the motor during its running so as to get phase current in each stator winding is (), where is
the full torque output. This can be further explained the impedance of the motor per phase at standstill
that in a Star-Delta starter, the motor is started as or start (stator impedance and rotor impedance
star connection and when the motor starts running referred to the stator, at standstill). The line current
the connection is changed to delta. With star or the input current to the motor is which is the
connection, the motor takes root 3 times less current, if the motor is started direct-on-line
voltage. However, as the torque is proportional to (DOL). Now, if the stator winding is connected as
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT)
(E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
Special Issue National Conference “CONVERGENCE 2018”, 09 th April 2018

star, the phase or line current drawn from supply at sufficient on the 65% voltage tap, a higher torque
start (standstill) , which is of the starting current, if on the 80% tap is available. Similarly, if too much
DOL starter is used. The voltage per phase in each torque is applied to the load with 65% voltage, or if
stator winding is now so, the starting current using the voltage dip associated with 65% starting is too
star-delta starter is reduced by 33.3%. As for high, the 50% tap is available. This versatility
starting torque, being proportional to the square of makes the autotransformer starter very popular.
the current in each of the stator windings in two The typical schematic diagram for a two coil
different connections as shown earlier, is also autotransformer starter. The circuit for a three coil
reduced , as the ratio of the two currents is , same autotransformer starter is similar except that an
as that (ratio) of the voltages applied to each additional transformer winding would be inserted
winding as shown earlier. So, the starting torque is in the L2 leg. It should be pointed out that there are
reduced by 33.3%, which is a disadvantage of the no significant disadvantages to using a two coil
use of this starter. autotransformer design since the starting currents
The load torque and the loss torque, must be lower will be approximately balanced in each phase.
than the starting torque, if the motor is to be started 3. ROTOR RESISTANCE STARTERS FOR
using this starter. The advantage is that, no extra SLIP-RING (WOUND ROTOR) IM
component, except that shown in Fig. 33.2c, need In a slip-ring (wound rotor) induction motor,
be used, thus making it simple. As shown later, this resistance can be inserted in the rotor circuit via
is an auto-transformer starter with the voltage ratio slip rings , so as to increase the starting torque.
as 57.7%.
2. AUTO-TRANSFORMER STARTER
The autotransformer reduced-voltage starter places
the motor on the secondary of the autotransformer
while starting. The taps on the autotransformer
limit the voltage applied to the motor to 50%, 65%
or 80% of the nominal voltage. With
autotransformer starting, the line current is always
less than the motor current during starting because
the motor is on the secondary of a transformer
during acceleration. If a motor is connected to the
50% tap of the autotransformer, the motor current
would be reduced to 50% of the normal starting Fig :- 3 Rotor Resistance Starter
value, but the line current would be only 25% of
the normal starting current. The difference between
line and motor current is due to the transformer in The input (stator) current is proportional to the
the circuit. rotor current as shown earlier. The starting current
(input) reduces, as resistance is inserted in the rotor
circuit. But the starting torque, increases, as the
total resistance in the rotor circuit is increased.
Though the starting current decreases, the total
resistance increases, thus resulting in increase of
starting torque as shown in Fig. 32.2b, and also
obtained by using the expression given earlier, for
increasing values of the resistance in the rotor
circuit. If the additional resistance is used only for
starting, being rated for intermittent duty, the
resistance is to be decreased in steps, as the motor
Fig :- 2 Auto Transformer Starter speed increases. Finally, the external resistance is
to be completely cut out, i.e. to be made equal to
The lower line current is the reason the Auto zero (0.0), thus leaving the slip-rings short-
transformer starter is a very popular type of circuited. Here, also the additional cost of the
reduced-voltage starter. Since the motor starting external resistance with intermittent rating is to be
current is greater than the line current with an incurred, which results in decrease of starting
autotransformer starter, the starter produces more current, along with increase of starting torque, both
torque-per-ampere of line current than any other being advantageous. Also it may be noted that the
type of reduced-voltage starter. Most motors can be cost of a slip-ring induction is higher than that of
started at 65% of line voltage. If the torque that the IM with cage rotor, having same power rating. So,
motor supplies to the driven equipment is not in both cases, additional cost is to be incurred to
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT)
(E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
Special Issue National Conference “CONVERGENCE 2018”, 09 th April 2018

obtain the above advantages. This is only used in series resistance and inductance can be added.
case higher starting torque is needed to start IM 4KW (5HP)
with high load torque. 4. COMPARISION
4. DIRECT ON LINE STARTER
Induction motors can be started Direct-on-Line Crite Direct Star autotrans Rotor
(DOL), which means that the rated voltage is ria on line delta former Resistanc
supplied to the stator, with the rotor terminals e Starters
short-circuited in a wound rotor (slip-ring) motor.
For the cage rotor, the rotor bars are short circuited
via two end rings. Inru High Low Low Low
A Direct On Line (DOL) or across the line starter sh
applies the full line voltage to the motor terminals. curr
This is the simplest type of motor starter. A DOL ent
motor starter also has protection devices and, in Volt Severe Less Less Less
some cases, condition monitoring. Smaller sizes of age >0.5 Severe severe<0 severe<0
direct on-line starters are manually operated; larger Sags p.u. <0.2 .2 p.u. .2p.u.
sizes use an electromechanical contactor (relay) to p.u.
switch the motor circuit. Solid-state direct on line Har Less Less(T Severe Severe
starters also exist. moni (THD< HD<1 during during
cs 1%) %) starting starting
(THD=1 (19.5%)
8.9%)
Tran Severe Less Severe Less
sient Severe severe
s

CONCLUSION
Hence from this paper it can be concluded that
most of the motors need the external starters for its
starting application, only for initial 5 to 6 sec and
then these starters can be later cut off .starters
provides a protected start up supply voltage from
zero to rated voltage .it also limits the starting
current to a safe value till the motor achieves rated
speed and torque.
The same process could even the repeated during
Fig :- 4 Direct Online Starter the stop of a motor so as to insure smooth , jerk
free ,control starting as well as stopping of motor .
A direct on line starter can be used if the high
inrush current of the started motor does not cause REFERENCES
excessive voltage drop in the supply circuit. [1] John H. Stout” Capacitor Starting Of Large
The maximum size of a motor allowed on a direct Motors ” IEEE Transactions On Industry
on line starter may be limited by the supply utility Applications, Vol. Ia-14, No. 3, May/June 1978,
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rural customers to use reduced-voltage starters for [2] A. Jack Williams & M. Shan Griffith,”
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to start small water pumps, compressors, fans and Starting On Industrial And Commercial Power
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motor, such as the 3-phase squirrel-cage motor, the Applications, Vol. Ia-14, No. 4, July/August
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run up to full speed. [3] John A. Kay, Richard H. Paes, J. George
This starting current is typically 6-7 times greater Seggewiss, Robert G. Ellis “Methods For The
than the full load current. To reduce the inrush Control Of Large Medium-Voltage Motors:
current, larger motors will have reduced-voltage Application Considerations And Guidelines ” IEEE
starters or variable speed drives in order to Transactions On Industry Applications, Vol. 36,
minimize voltage dips to the power supply, or No. 6, November/December 2000, pp. 1688- 1696.
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT)
(E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
Special Issue National Conference “CONVERGENCE 2018”, 09 th April 2018

[4] Solveson M.G. “Soft-Started Induction Motor

Modeling” IEEE Transactions On Industry
Applications Vol.42 No.4, July/August 2006, pp
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[5] Rezek A. J., “Energy Conservation With Use
Of Soft Starter” IEEE 2000, pp 354-359
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[7] Blaabjerg F. “Comparative Study Of Energy 2
Saving Benefits In Soft Starters For 3ph Im”, IEEE U.G student,
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[8] AC Induction Motor Fundamentals by Rakesh
Parekh, Microchip Technology Inc
[9] “Induction motor - protection and starting by
viv cohen” – Circuit Breaker Industries, P.O. Box
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[10] Induction motors Parameters extraction by
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[11] Performance chart for IM from Kirloskar
Electric
[12] Performance chart for IM ABB Group- [4] Prof. V.S.Yendole1 is
Automation & Power currently working as Assistant Professor in the
Technologies dept. of Electrical Engineering
[13] Consultancy with Mr. Rao, Nagpur motors,
MIDC Hingna
[14] Textbook of Electrical Engg. Vol-II
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[15] Basic Electrical Machines – V.K.Mehta
[16] Electrical Machine- P.S.Bim

BIOGRAPHY
[5]Prof. P.R.Jawle is currently
working as Assistant Professor in the dept. of
Electrical Engineering

[1] P.R.Tomar
2
U.G student,
EE (E&P) dept., PLITMS Buldhana, Maharashtra,
India.

]2] S.S.Kharat
2
U.G student,
EE (E&P) dept., PLITMS Buldhana, Maharashtra,
India.
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT)
(E-ISSN: 2321-9637)
Special Issue National Conference “CONVERGENCE 2018”, 09 th April 2018