Review Article

From Chat bots to Virtual Tutors: An Overview of Chat

GPT's Role in the Future of Education
Bahar Graefen1*, Nadeem Fazal1
1
College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, USA.

Abstract
Chat GPT is a highly advanced chat bot that stands out from other chat bots due to its remarkable ability to generate impressive prose in mere
seconds. It has gained a lot of attention and sparked concerns about its potential impact on student assessments in higher education and
various other fields. The goal of this study is to assess the potential benefits and drawbacks of using Chat GPT technology in educational
settings, as well as any prospective impacts on student learning outcomes and educator pedagogy. The design of the study is a literature
review. Our research has shown that there are both proponents and critics of using Chat GPT in education. Many proponents argue that Chat
GPT has the potential to revolutionize the way we teach and learn. Its ability to generate human-like responses and adapt to the user's language
and style of communication makes it an effective tool for personalized learning. On the other hand, there are also concerns about the use of
Chat GPT in education. Critics contend that it might not be as successful at teaching critical thinking and problem-solving techniques and
that it might result in a decline in human connection and individualized learning. According to our research, Chat GPT has certain drawbacks
and difficulties even though it has the potential to be an effective teaching tool. Therefore, it is important that educators and policymakers
carefully consider the potential advantages and disadvantages of using Chat GPT in their classrooms and develop appropriate strategies for
responsible use.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Chat GPT, Education, Learning

INTRODUCTION In November 2022, Chat GPT, an advanced AI language

The subject of computer science known as artificial model developed by Open AI, was released. This cutting-
intelligence (AI) is growing quickly and focuses on creating edge technology possesses the capability to generate
intelligent systems that are capable of activities that would responses that resemble human-like conversation, making it
typically need human intellect, such as visual perception, an invaluable resource for numerous applications, such as
speech recognition, decision-making, and language chat bot interactions and language translation. Chat GPT, a
translation [1]. sophisticated architecture developed by Open AI, harnesses
the power of deep neural networks to generate speech that is
remarkably like that of a human. This remarkable capability
In order to create safe and practical AI for the benefit of
signifies a substantial leap forward in the field of natural
humanity, Open AI was established in 2015 and focuses on
language processing, holding the promise to reshape our
advancing the field of AI through cutting-edge research,
interactions with technology. By enabling interactions that
innovative technologies, and open collaboration. Open AI's
are nearly indistinguishable from human conversation, Chat
research covers a wide range of AI-related fields, including
GPT has the potential to revolutionize the way we engage
machine learning, natural language processing, robotics, and
with and benefit from advanced AI systems [8].
more [2, 3].
Address for correspondence: Bahar Graefen, College of
GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3) is a language Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, USA.
model developed by Open AI, one of the world's leading AI [email protected]
research organizations, and designed to produce natural
language texts that are virtually indistinguishable from This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
human writing [4]. With over 175 billion parameters, it is the Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix,
largest and most powerful language model [5]. tweak, and build upon the work non commercially, as long as the author is credited
and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

GPT-3 can generate highly logical and contextually relevant How to cite this article: Graefen B, Fazal N. From Chat bots to
text, making it useful for a wide range of applications, Virtual Tutors: An Overview of Chat GPT's Role in the Future of
including chat bots, content generation, and language Education. Arch Pharm Pract. 2024;15(2):43-52.
https://doi.org/10.51847/TOuppjEDSX
translation [6, 7].

© 2024 Archives of Pharmacy Practice 43

 Graefen and Fazal: From Chat bots to Virtual Tutors: An Overview of Chat GPT's Role in the Future of Education

The versatility of Chat GPT's language tasks, such as inquiry The process involved three main steps: first, defining the
answering, summarization, translation of languages, and chat research question; second, identifying relevant references by
bot interaction, is among its most remarkable features. Its using appropriate search methods and inclusion criteria; and
advanced language understanding allows it to grasp complex third, organizing and summarizing the collected data before
language structures and understand context, enabling it to reporting the results.
generate responses that are virtually indistinguishable from
those of a human [9, 10]. Defining the Research Question
The objective of this study is to explore the potential benefits
In addition to its commercial applications, Chat GPT also has and drawbacks of integrating Chat GPT technology into
the potential to revolutionize the education sector. This may educational settings and how this might impact student
be accomplished by utilizing AI's capacity to comprehend learning outcomes and teacher pedagogy. We addressed the
and produce speech like that of a human to enhance a range following questions:
of educational tasks, including content development, tailored
learning, and student evaluations. Chat GPT can help What are the advantages and disadvantages of integrating
educators develop more effective teaching strategies, provide Chat GPT technology into educational settings, and how does
personalized feedback to students, and create engaging and this impact student engagement, teacher workload, and the
informative content [11]. quality of education provided?

Despite its many benefits, there are concerns about the Identifying Relevant References by Using
potential risks associated with Chat GPT. One of the main Appropriate Search Methods and Inclusion Criteria
challenges is that bias could be introduced into the model, as As Chat GPT is a new technology, there is currently a scarcity
the data used could contain biases or stereotypes. In addition, of peer-reviewed research on its application in education. The
misuse of AI technology is a concern, such as the creation of team responsible for the literature review carried out searches
fake content or the spread of misinformation [12]. on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of
Science (WoS), and Google Scholar. These searches were
The common use of Chat GPT in academic work has brought performed by a team of independent researchers to obtain
up ethical dilemmas concerning AI authorship [13]. articles and papers that were pertinent to the research
Evaluating academic tasks such as students' essays has also question. In case of any further disagreements, they were
raised ethical debate [14]. Plagiarism of content is an resolved through discussions with a third researcher. The
inevitable concern that has been discussed, and suggestions final manuscript was carefully reviewed and approved by all
have been made to modify essay settings and guidelines to authors.
address these issues [15].
Based on the eligibility criteria, the search was limited to only
This literature review aims to examine the advantages and cross-sectional epidemiological studies, systematic reviews,
disadvantages of integrating Chat GPT technology into and meta-analyses published in English. During the research,
educational settings and to analyze the impact of this Boolean operators such as "AND" were utilized to link
integration on student engagement, teacher workload, and the specified MeSH terms in all search fields without any
quality of education provided. Furthermore, this literature restrictions:
review seeks to understand how the integration of Chat GPT
technology affects the quality of education provided, such as Keywords/query: “Chat GPT” and “education”
its impact on learning outcomes, critical thinking skills, and Time period: Publications from 2022 to 2023.
the development of creativity. Finally, this literature review
aims to provide recommendations for educators and The articles that were not included in the study were those
policymakers on effectively integrating Chat GPT technology sourced from non-academic outlets, such as newspapers,
into educational settings to maximize its benefits while internet websites, magazines, and the like. The outcomes of
minimizing its drawbacks. both searches were imported into EndNote v.20 for Windows
(Thomson Research Soft, Stanford, CA, USA), resulting in a
The research objectives of this study would also include total of 21 records.
identifying the key stakeholders involved in implementing
Chat GPT in education, such as teachers, students, and RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
educational institutions. Additionally, this study aims to We came across 21 academic papers about Chat GPT and its
identify the critical challenges associated with implementing relationship to education, particularly in the areas of
Chat GPT in the classroom, such as technical barriers, ethical assessment, learning, and teaching, as of March 25th, 2023.
concerns, and the need for training and support. Throughout our literature review, we have discovered a
variety of viewpoints both in favor and against the use of Chat
MATERIALS AND METHODS GPT in education.

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 Graefen and Fazal: From Chat bots to Virtual Tutors: An Overview of Chat GPT's Role in the Future of Education

Benefits of Using Chat GPT in Education giving students individualized coaching and feedback based
In this chapter, we will delve into the advantages of utilizing on their unique learning requirements and progress.
Chat GPT technology in education. Additionally, it may be trained to grade student essays, giving
professors more time to concentrate on other pedagogical
The possible advantages and disadvantages of utilizing Chat areas [19].
GPT in medical education are examined by Arif et al. The
authors claim that Chat GPT has the power to completely Furthermore, Chat GPT can aid in the creation of adaptive
change the landscape of medical education. Moreover, Chat learning platforms that modify their pedagogical strategies in
GPT can aid educators in evaluating assignments and response to each student's growth and performance,
delivering tailored feedback to individual students. This promoting individualized and successful learning strategies.
potential for enhanced engagement and customized support By leveraging these features, Chat GPT has the potential to
holds the promise to reshape the methods and outcomes of revolutionize the landscape of education and significantly
medical education. Additionally, Chat GPT can enhance enhance the learning journey for students worldwide [19].
medical education by providing an interactive environment
for practicing communication skills and providing access to A study by Baidoo-Anu and Owusu Ansah demonstrated that
vast knowledge [16]. saving time for other crucial tasks, including spending more
time with students, is another benefit of Chat GPT. It may act
In Lee's paper, the author investigates the potential for as a virtual tutor, responding to inquiries from pupils and
incorporating Open AI's Chat GPT, a cutting-edge language offering clarifications on a variety of topics. For kids who are
model, into medical education. Chat GPT's ability to generate having difficulty with a specific subject or who require more
responses resembling human conversation offers exciting support outside of the school setting, this can be very helpful.
possibilities for the development of interactive virtual According to studies, individuals with language and learning
learning environments tailored to medical students. This difficulties and non-native speakers of their original tongues
study looks at how Chat GPT may be used to improve stand to gain greatly from using these natural language
learning by giving students a dynamic and interesting way to models [19].
engage with virtual instructors and learn. The use of Chat
GPT in medical education presents some difficulties and Bašić et al. conducted a research study to assess the efficacy
ethical issues that are covered in the study as well. Chat GPT of utilizing Chat GPT-3 as a writing aid for students' essays.
has the ability to function as a virtual teaching assistant by The students were divided into two groups, with one group
providing students with immediate feedback and round-the- receiving writing assistance from Chat GPT-3, while the
clock access to knowledge. This can unintentionally lighten other group wrote their essays without any assistance. The
the strain for instructors, giving them more time to objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of Chat
concentrate on other curriculum components like real-world GPT-3's support on the student's writing process and
experience and practical skills. While the feature is not yet outcomes. The authors suggested that Chat GPT-3 and similar
developed, Chat GPT may have the ability to adjust its generative AI tools could be helpful as writing assistants for
teaching style and track students' progress based on the students but should be used in conjunction with human
context of a conversation. Furthermore, medical students can feedback and guidance [20].
improve their knowledge in real-time by utilizing Chat GPT
in conjunction with a virtual histology slide application. Chat In their paper "Chat GPT for teaching, learning, and research:
GPT can already create self-assessment tests with Prospects and challenges," The potential of Chat GPT to
explanations for the answers [17]. improve research, teaching, and learning is examined by
Chinonso et al. They discuss the capabilities of Chat GPT and
"Chat GPT - Reshaping Medical Education and Clinical how it can assist in various tasks, including generating
Management" by Khan et al. discusses the potential of Chat content, providing feedback, and improving language skills
GPT in reshaping medical education and clinical [21].
management. The authors highlight that medical education
and clinical management require vast knowledge, and Chat In their study, Gilson et al. delved into the examination of
GPT can assist medical professionals and students access this large language models, particularly Chat GPT, in relation to
knowledge. They mention that Chat GPT can aid in medical the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE).
diagnosis, and patient monitoring and can assist healthcare By examining the capabilities and outcomes of Chat GPT
professionals in making evidence-based decisions. The within the realm of medical licensing examinations, the study
writers give instances of how Chat GPT might support sheds light on the opportunities and considerations associated
medical students' learning. Medical students can utilize Chat with integrating advanced language models into the field of
GPT as a virtual teacher, which can help them learn and medical education. As demonstrated by the findings, Chat
practice medical diagnoses and treatments [18]. GPT's accuracy of 68.7% was on level with the average
performance of humans, which is 70%. The authors talked
According to Baidoo-Anu and Owusu Ansah, Chat GPT can about the possible advantages of big language models in
completely change the way that education is imparted by medical education; such as providing personalized learning

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experiences, reducing the burden on faculty to create and are advantageous to educators and students alike. For
grade assessments, and allowing for the continuous example, Chat GPT may produce code and answer technical
evaluation of student knowledge [22]. queries like arithmetic and conceptual queries. Additionally,
Chat GPT can be utilized as a tool to assist writers in creative
Haensch et al. analyzed TikTok data to explore how students writing by providing suggestions and leads to be pursued and
perceive and use Chat GPT, a large language model, in their refined. Firstly, it may help with writing by creating ideas,
studies. The authors collected and analyzed TikTok videos structuring essay forms, proposing potential topic phrases,
that mentioned Chat GPT or similar models, focusing on the and providing several approaches to concept expression.
content and sentiment of the videos as well as the user Second, students can enter sentences in their native tongue
demographics. According to the authors, students valued and then convert them into the language of choice, which can
Chat GPT's quickness and ease of use as well as the model's be utilized for language learning reasons. Finally, Chat GPT
capacity to provide insightful and nuanced answers. The may help students with research by helping them find
authors discussed these findings' implications for educators pertinent sources, come up with ideas for research subjects,
and developers of large language models. They noted that and summarize studies and articles so they are more familiar
while students may find Chat GPT to be a useful tool, it is with the major ideas. The technology can potentially enhance
vital for educators to emphasize the importance of critical and transform the learning experience, making it more
thinking and independent learning [23]. personalized, engaging, and effective [27].

Karthikeyan analyzed the literature to determine the benefits The paper "An Interview with Chat GPT: Discussing
and drawbacks of Chat GPT's potential effects on education. Artificial Intelligence in Teaching, research, and Practice" by
The review argues that Chat GPT can improve teacher Scaringi and Loche is an interview with Chat GPT, a
preparation, increase access to education, and provide language model developed by Open AI, about the role of AI
specific learning experiences, among other educational in education. In the interview, Chat GPT shares its
benefits. Furthermore, Critical thinking skills may be perspective on how AI can be used to support education,
developed and complex concepts can be simpler to grasp with including personalized learning, automating routine tasks
Chat GPT [24]. such as grading, and assisting with research and writing. Chat
GPT explains that it has been trained on a large corpus of text,
The advantages and disadvantages of utilizing big language allowing it to learn patterns and relationships between words
models, such as Chat GPT, in the classroom are discussed by and develop coherent and contextually appropriate responses
Kasneci et al. The first section of the article gives a summary [28].
of big language models' present status and uses in a variety of
industries, including education. The authors then go into the In their publication titled "The Role of Artificial Intelligence
possible advantages of implementing Chat GPT in the in Higher Education: Chat GPT Assessment for Anatomy
classroom, including its capacity to offer instant feedback, Course," Talan and Kalinkara investigate the potential
tailor lessons to each student, and its capacity to help students application of AI tools, particularly Chat GPT, in the realm
overcome language hurdles. The authors also highlight the of higher education. The authors discuss the benefits and
potential of Chat GPT to address the shortage of teachers and limitations of using Chat GPT in this context, including the
provide access to education in remote or underserved areas. ability to generate large numbers of questions quickly and
They argue that using Chat GPT in education requires careful objectively, as well as the need for careful editing and review
consideration of ethical implications, including protecting of the questions to ensure accuracy and relevance. They also
students' data privacy [25]. note that the use of AI tools in assessment may help to reduce
bias and subjectivity in grading, providing a more objective
In the paper "Initial Impressions of Chat GPT for anatomy measure of student performance. Overall, the paper offers a
education," author Mogali presents a case study examining helpful summary of the possible applications of AI
the use of Chat GPT in anatomy education. Mogali employed technologies in higher education, stressing the advantages as
Chat GPT as a virtual assistant to provide supplementary well as the difficulties of integrating these technologies into
information to medical students in their anatomy course. The instruction and evaluation procedures. The authors' focus on
author also provided Chat GPT-generated self-check quizzes the use of Chat GPT in an anatomy course provides a specific
to help students assess their understanding of the subject example of how learning can be supported by AI and
matter. The study found that Chat GPT effectively provided assessment in a specific academic discipline [29].
students with instant access to information and answered their
questions, thereby enhancing their learning experience. Chat GPT is a powerful language model that offers a variety
Additionally, the students were able to identify their of benefits and applications in different domains. One area
knowledge gaps and areas for improvement through the self- where it can be particularly useful is in healthcare training.
check quizzes generated by Chat GPT [26]. Chat GPT can create realistic and variable clinical vignettes
that can be used to train healthcare professionals. Another
With its sophisticated natural language processing capacities, area where Chat GPT can be helpful is academic and research
Chat GPT offers a wide range of educational applications that writing. It can create texts, summaries, translations, and

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literature reviews, making it a valuable tool for academic problem-solving abilities, which are essential for medical
research. This can help researchers save time and effort so professionals, is a further cause for worry [16].
that they can focus on other aspects of their work. Chat GPT
also has advantages in scientific research. It can efficiently Baidoo-Anu and Owusu Ansah describe that generative
analyze large data sets, help with drug discovery, identify models, such as Chat GPT, may fall short when it comes to
potential drug targets and generate codes that can be used in providing human-like interaction for educational purposes.
scientific research. These capabilities can help scientists They could thus be unable to offer tailored explanations or
make significant advances in their work, contributing to the comments that cater to each student's unique requirements or
advancement of science. In healthcare practice, with the use clear up any misconceptions they may have. Additionally,
of Chat GPT, tailored medicine, diagnosis, treatment, and generative models can be biased if the training data they rely
lifestyle advice based on individual traits might all be on is biased, which can impact their ability to accurately
improved. In addition, it can be used for documentation and evaluate student work. Several inherent constraints have been
report generation, making healthcare more efficient and identified in Chat GPT, including the generation of inaccurate
effective. Finally, it should be noted that Chat GPT is a freely answers and the creation of fictional articles. These
available package that is accessible to researchers, healthcare limitations underscore the importance of cautious usage and
professionals, and students worldwide [30]. human oversight when deploying such models to ensure the
accuracy and appropriateness of the generated content [19].
The paper by Zhai titled "Chat GPT User Experience:
Implications for Education" examines how the Chat GPT In their study, Bašić et al. found that the group of students
language model may be used in the field of education by who used Chat GPT did not outperform the control group in
examining how users interact with the platform in the context terms of content quality, writing speed, or authenticity of their
of online instruction. The author surveyed 50 participants essays. Interestingly, both groups took a similar amount of
who had used Chat GPT in an educational setting, such as time to complete the task, and longer writing times were
answering questions, generating summaries, and providing positively correlated with better essay scores. However, the
feedback. According to the study's findings, Chat GPT experimental group did encounter more instances of
exhibits promising potential in enriching the online learning plagiarism compared to the control group. Moreover, some
journey for students. The research indicates that Chat GPT students reported feeling uncomfortable about using Chat
can contribute to this enhancement by promptly and GPT, believing that it amounted to cheating or plagiarism
accurately addressing student queries, generating concise [20].
summaries of course materials, and delivering personalized
feedback on their assignments. The participants rated Chat They contend that to fully realize Chat GPT's potential,
GPT as easy to use, helpful, and accurate, with a high level of researchers and educators need to think about the ethical
overall satisfaction [31]. ramifications and properly incorporate Chat GPT use with
other instructional strategies [21].
"We Need to Talk About Chat GPT: The Future of AI and
Higher Education" by Neumann et al. is a timely and thought- The research conducted by Haensch et al. brings attention to
provoking article that discusses the role of AI, specifically the the insufficient discussion surrounding the limitations
Chat GPT language model, in higher education. The authors associated with using Chat GPT in TikTok videos. The study
stress the necessity for a careful balance between the two and highlights concern such as the potential risks of generating
highlight significant concerns about the possible advantages eloquent yet incorrect responses and the presence of inherent
and disadvantages of utilizing AI in education. The essay biases in the model's outputs, which are currently not
emphasizes how disruptive artificial intelligence (AI) adequately addressed on the popular social media platform,
chatbots, such as Chat GPT, can be in higher education, particularly among younger users. Furthermore, there is a
especially when it comes to scientific writing. As educators, consideration that relying solely on TikTok data to assess
there is a need to prepare students for the responsible use of students' perceptions of Chat GPT may not offer an accurate
Chat GPT and other AI tools [32]. representation of the broader student population, as TikTok
users may not be entirely representative of students at large.
Negative Aspects of Using Chat GPT in Education However, studies investigating the TikTok user base indicate
Chat GPT's role in education is not without limitations. Our no significant differences, as elucidated in the section on data
paper will also discuss these limitations. collection [23].

Arif et al. also highlight several potential challenges and The literature review conducted by Karthikeyan brings up
limitations of using Chat GPT in medical education. One of several issues with the usage of Chat GPT in the classroom.
the issues brought up is the dependability and correctness of One of the primary concerns is the possibility of producing
the data that Chat GPT gives. which is particularly important incorrect and biased responses. Additionally, the use of Chat
in the field of medicine where accuracy is paramount. The GPT may perpetuate inequalities by privileging those who
potential of Chat GPT to impart critical thinking and have access to the technology, leading to an uneven

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distribution of benefits. Moreover, ethical concerns are raised training data. Another concern is the risk of hallucination,
regarding data privacy and security [24]. where Chat GPT generates scientifically incorrect content
that sounds plausible. Transparency issues are another
While Chat GPT might give students instant access to concern with Chat GPT. There is also a risk that the
pertinent information, there are certain hazards involved. widespread use of Chat GPT could lead to a decline in the
These include the potential for erroneous information in need for human expertise, which could have psychological,
training data and the risk of errors or missing information in economic, and social consequences. Additionally, there is a
the course of training. In addition, the use of Chat GPT can risk that Chat GPT could generate over-detailed, redundant,
lead to a reduction in human interactions, face-to-face or excessive content, which could be overwhelming or
attention, and feedback, which could negatively impact confusing for users. There is a risk that the use of Chat GPT
student learning experiences. Furthermore, there are privacy could compromise the privacy of sensitive medical
concerns while using Chat GPT in medical education. In information, which could have negative consequences for
addition, the use of Chat GPT in medical education raises individuals. Another worry is that if people become unduly
privacy and security concerns about sensitive patient data. dependent on the model for decision-making, using Chat GPT
Lastly, the extensive use of AI tools in education may lead to may cause a loss in clinical skills, critical thinking, and
the unemployment of human instructors, necessitating the problem-solving ability. Additionally, there may be legal
creation of programs and laws to lessen any unfavorable issues such as copyright and authorship status to consider.
consequences on the labor market [17]. Interpretability issues are also a concern, as it can be
challenging to interpret the outputs generated by Chat GPT.
Mogali also noted that Chat GPT's responses were not always There is also a risk of referencing issues, where Chat GPT
accurate, and the language model occasionally struggled to may generate content that is not properly cited or attributed.
understand certain concepts. Students also expressed a This could result in accusations of academic fraud in
preference for human interaction, as they felt that Chat GPT's research, which could have serious consequences for
responses lacked the personal touch and individualized individuals and institutions. Finally, there is a risk of incorrect
attention that a human teacher could provide. More content and the potential for an infodemic, whereby Chat
investigation is required to assess Chat GPT's efficacy in GPT produces inaccurate or misleading content that has the
bigger sample sizes and to resolve the language model's potential to spread rapidly and harm both people and society
shortcomings [26]. [30].

Qadir describes the advantages and disadvantages of Strategies and Guidelines for Higher Education
generative AI technologies like Chat GPT. One danger is that Teachers and Institutions
students can utilize these resources improperly, which could Our next topic of discussion will focus on the strategies and
result in plagiarism. Pupils must comprehend the significance guidelines that higher education teachers and institutions
of accurate citation and conscientious utilization of these should consider when using Chat GPT.
resources. It is imperative that students utilize these resources
in conjunction with their efforts, not as a substitute. The There is growing worry that Chat GPT may now be readily
potential for false information to be spread is another issue. utilized to generate articles that lack clinical reasoning and
The data and algorithms that underpin Chat GPT and other AI critical thinking, given medical literature is constantly
technologies determine their level of reliability. As a result, it updating research. To examine and manage access to the data
is crucial that students consult several sources and confirm produced by these AI systems, we require human intelligence
the veracity of the material they find when conducting and a set of rules. In a similar fashion, healthcare providers
research on a subject. Finally, the usage of Chat GPT and ought to set up a surveillance mechanism to make sure
other AI techniques in educational institutions raises privacy students refrain from using Chat GPT for medical purposes
problems. It is essential that educational institutions establish [16]. It is recommended that policymakers, researchers,
explicit guidelines for the usage of these resources and ensure educators, and technology experts collaborate and initiate
the proper protection of student data [27]. discussions on how these emerging generative AI tools can
be used prudently and effectively to advance education and
Talan and Kalinkara discussed that while Chat GPT is enhance student learning [19].
capable of processing and understanding textual information,
it has certain limitations when it comes to interpreting visual According to Karthikeyan, future research explores the
aids like diagrams, shapes, and tables, which are easily potential impact of Chat GPT on educational outcomes and
comprehensible by human students. Furthermore, Chat GPT investigates effective methods to implement the technology
could give a wrong answer if a query is unclear or challenging responsibly and equitably [24].
to understand. It is advised to restate the query in a clear and
explicit manner in order to address this issue [29]. Kasneci et al. emphasize the importance of considering both
the opportunities and challenges associated with using Chat
Sallam describes that one of the primary ethical concerns is GPT in education. They argue that technology has the
the risk of bias and discrimination based on the quality of

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potential to transform education and increase access to  Provide incentives and prizes for teachers and educational
learning, but only if its limitations are carefully addressed. institutions who successfully use large language models
The authors recommend that educators and policymakers take in their lesson plans and help their students learn in
a critical approach to the use of Chat GPT in education and productive ways [25].
engage in ongoing dialogue to ensure that its use is
responsible and equitable [25]. To address these challenges and mitigate the risks, the
following actions can be taken:
Large language models used to create education-related  Carry out studies on the difficulties huge language models
content such as curricula, quizzes, and academic papers can in education present, including how they can be integrated
cause copyright and plagiarism issues. In order to reduce into existing educational models, and develop a new
prejudice and guarantee the advantageous application of educational theory for their use.
large-scale language models in education, human control of  Evaluate instructors' and students' needs and offer case-
the process is also essential [25]. based advice on the morally right and safe application of
big language models in the classroom.
To responsibly mitigate the risks associated with large-scale  Provide educators and institutions with chances for
language models in education, several important issues must professional growth and needs-based training so they may
be addressed. These include training or fine-tuning the model exchange best practices for incorporating big language
with a variety of impartial data sets, continuously assessing models into their teaching methods and learn about the
the model's performance to find and remove biases, possible applications of these models in the classroom.
implementing transparency mechanisms that let users  Offer free educational resources, including research, use
comprehend the model's output and the data it uses, and cases, tutorials, and guidelines, so that institutions and
giving educators access to expert guidance and resources to teachers may learn how to employ language models in the
help them spot and get rid of any potential biases and classroom.
limitations in the model. Furthermore, students can rely too  To enable educators and organizations that are currently
much on the model, which could impair their ability to think utilizing language models in their instruction to share their
critically and solve problems. Therefore, a responsible expertise and experiences with others, encourage
strategy to mitigate the problem would be to raise awareness cooperation, and create a community of these parties [25].
of the limitations and unexpected brittleness of large
language models, use them to hypothesize and explore With the increasing use of AI technologies in education,
different perspectives, and promote the use of additional Medical educators must investigate and employ instructional
materials for instruction to assess and validate the veracity of strategies that are most appropriate for technology-enhanced
the data the model provides. Incorporating activities that learning since conventional approaches may no longer be as
encourage problem-solving and critical thinking into the successful in spreading knowledge or encouraging student
curriculum, as well as having teachers validate the learning. To ensure the accuracy of Chat GPT in medical
information the model provides and persons with the education, leaders should develop clear guidelines review
necessary experience, are also crucial. Large-scale language mechanisms and test them extensively. Newer plagiarism
models should be used to supplement rather than to replace detection technologies can also be used to counter potential
the learning process and teachers should use them to academic dishonesty. In order to facilitate the incorporation
supplement their instruction rather than replace it [25]. and evidence-based use of AI systems in medical education,
more investigation and assessment are required. When used
To mitigate the risk that educators and institutions lack the in conjunction with conventional teaching techniques, Chat
understanding and expertise to effectively integrate large GPT has the potential to significantly enhance student
language models into their instructional practices, the learning and provide a more dynamic and engaging learning
following strategies can be employed: environment [17].
 Provide ongoing professional development and training
for educators to ensure that they are up to date on the latest Rudolph et al. describe that faculty can improve assessments
best practices for using large language models in the by executing them during class, creating assessments that
classroom. allow for presentations, performances, and digital forms of
 Incorporating educational theory and pedagogical expression, encouraging students to write about topics that
approaches to integrate new tools and technologies into interest them, and using authentic assessments that test
classroom practice. students’ skills in realistic situations. Students can benefit
 Giving educators the tools and assistance they need to from including AI tools in the curriculum, such as Grammarly
comprehend the benefits and drawbacks of big language and Elicit, and receive training on their proper use. They
models and know how to utilize them to enhance or should also avoid creating an environment where faculty
augment certain learning processes. members are overworked and unmotivated and receive
 Encouraging collaboration between educators and academic integrity training. Policies and guidelines should be
technology experts to find innovative ways to integrate developed for the use of AI tools in learning and teaching,
large language models into classroom practice.

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 Graefen and Fazal: From Chat bots to Virtual Tutors: An Overview of Chat GPT's Role in the Future of Education

including consequences for cheating. Encouragement and To effectively use Chat GPT for education and research,
support for research on the effects of AI tools on learning and certain recommendations are proposed. First, educational
teaching should also be provided [33]. institutions should promote the use of Chat GPT while
ensuring that it is used in an inclusive, equitable, transparent,
The emergence of AI-generated tools like Chat GPT will and ethical manner. Second, assessment standards should be
transform online learning and education, and companies need revised to prevent unfair learning assessment, and formative
to adapt by seeing it as an opportunity, not a threat. Leaders assessment should be given priority over summative
must respond quickly to technological change and embrace assessment. Third, educational institutions should train and
the generative and transformative power of AI. This means guide teachers and students on how to effectively use Chat
moving from a reactive to a proactive approach and GPT while maintaining academic integrity. Fourth, action
leveraging AI to create new opportunities and channeling its research should be conducted to further investigate the
power to exploit them [34]. effectiveness and efficiency of integrating Chat GPT into
education, and funding should be allocated to research the use
As advanced AI tools such as Chat GPT become more of AI tools for educational purposes. Fifth, students should be
prevalent, educational institutions must teach their students vigilant in using Chat GPT and review and analyze the
how to properly and responsibly utilize these technologies. responses generated by the tool to ensure accuracy and
Teaching students about the moral implications of technology compliance with academic integrity policies. Finally,
use, such as avoiding plagiarism and correctly attributing researchers should use Chat GPT to better understand its
sources, and teaching them how to use these tools to create benefits and weaknesses. It should be ensured that it is only
their own original work is part of this. The particular used for brainstorming and sketching and not for writing
educational technique will rely on the unique requirements entire research articles to avoid academic misconduct [35].
and goals of the students as well as the institution. Faculty
members are responsible for providing guidance and Susnjak notes that some educational institutions have already
supporting students in using these tools responsibly and started to block access to Chat GPT during online exams due
effectively. Higher education might be greatly impacted by to concerns about academic integrity. However, she argues
the growing usage of AI technologies like GPT, especially in that this may not be a viable solution in the long term, as
the fields of teaching and evaluation. Possible modifications students will likely continue to find new ways to access the
include grading done by AI, personalized learning tool. To address this issue, Susnjak suggests that educators
experiences, more online and distance learning opportunities, should focus on designing assessments that are less
and a shift toward interactive and collaborative learning. susceptible to cheating. In conclusion, Susnjak's article raises
However, the usage and implementation of these important concerns about the use of Chat GPT in online
technologies will determine how AI affects higher education, exams and highlights the need for educators to design
hence it is crucial that academic institutions weigh the assessments that are less susceptible to cheating, as well as to
benefits and drawbacks of incorporating AI into their educate students about the importance of academic integrity
methods of instruction and evaluation. It's critical to [36].
understand the difference between plagiarism and appropriate
use when using Chat GPT. To avoid plagiarism, one must The most sophisticated and recent language model created by
understand proper citation guidelines, cite sources, and Use a Open AI, Chat GPT-3, shows great promise as an educational
plagiarism detection tool to review the paper again. While tool because of its ability to understand and produce human-
Chat GPT can help with brainstorming and research, It like speech. This research question aims to investigate the
shouldn't take the place of typical homework assignments in potential impact of integrating Chat GPT-3 technology on
terms of developing critical thinking and problem-solving student engagement, teacher workload, and instructional
abilities. Instead, professors can enable students to utilize quality. By understanding the advantages and disadvantages
Chat GPT to organize their work or generate ideas in addition of this technology in education, we can better assess its
to assigning standard tasks. To maximize these technologies' potential to improve the educational experience for students
utility and preserve the importance of conventional and teachers alike. Numerous reasons both in favor of and
homework, instructors must utilize them carefully and against the use of Chat GPT in education have been found in
ethically [27]. our literature review. Concerns have also been raised
regarding Chat GPT's usage in the classroom.
In addition, Chat GPT may give an incorrect answer if a
question is unclear, so it is important to ask questions clearly Our research indicates that although Chat GPT has a lot of
and precisely. The recent publication of Chat GPT indicates promise as an educational tool, there are certain drawbacks
that there are few studies in the literature that compare its and difficulties with it. These benefits and drawbacks should
performance with that of college students. In the current be carefully addressed before implementing Chat GPT in the
study, a multiple-choice test was used to evaluate Chat GPT's classroom, with an emphasis on responsible use. In addition,
performance in a university-level anatomy course. Future educators and policymakers need to develop appropriate
studies could investigate the performance of Chat GPT and strategies to integrate Chat GPT into the education system in
other AI language models in different exam formats [29]. a way that complements rather than replaces human

50 Archives of Pharmacy Practice ¦ Volume 15 ¦ Issue 2 ¦ April – June 2024

 Graefen and Fazal: From Chat bots to Virtual Tutors: An Overview of Chat GPT's Role in the Future of Education

interaction and personalized learning. The decision to Educational Considerations: Policies should address
integrate Chat GPT into the education system should be made how it is possible to include Chat GPT into the curriculum in
with a clear understanding of its potential impact on student's a way that will benefit student learning and improve the
learning experiences and their overall education. educational process.

Some strategies and techniques can support the use of chat Accessibility: Policies should ensure that Chat GPT is
GPT in education, including: accessible to students with diverse learning needs or
 Before Chat GPT is used in education, it is important to disabilities and that appropriate accommodations are made to
clearly define the learning goals that the students should support inclusive educational practices.
achieve.
 To ensure students receive meaningful answers from Chat Evaluation and Monitoring: In order to determine how
GPT, it is important to provide context and structure to the Chat GPT is affecting student learning outcomes and to make
questions asked. sure it is being utilized in an ethical and responsible manner,
 One useful tool for promoting critical thinking and policies may mandate that its usage in education be routinely
problem-solving abilities is Chat GPT. Students may be reviewed and observed.
encouraged to evaluate the answers provided by Chat
GPT, identify potential biases or inaccuracies, and Guidelines for the use of Chat GPT in education will help
develop alternative perspectives. guarantee that this technology is utilized in a safe,
 Chat GPT can be used in conjunction with other responsible, and effective manner and supports student
educational resources such as textbooks, videos, and learning and achievement goals.
online articles.
 Monitoring and evaluating of student progress may
include analyzing the quality and accuracy of responses
CONCLUSION
Overall, the research on Chat GPT-3 in education suggests
provided by Chat GPT, assessing student engagement and
that the technology has great potential for enhancing teaching
participation, and measuring learning outcomes.
and learning. While Chat GPT has many potential benefits, it
is important to be aware of the risks and concerns associated
Further research is needed to assess both the advantages and
with its use.
disadvantages of using Chat GPT in education. Some
potential areas of investigation could include:
Creating policies for the moral use of Chat GPT is a crucial
 Research could be conducted to investigate Chat GPT's
additional tactic. Guidelines for data privacy and
effects on student learning results. This might entail
confidentiality may be part of this, as well as guidelines on
contrasting the academic achievement of pupils who
the use of the technology for academic purposes only.
utilize Chat GPT with that of those who don't.
Creating rules and processes to guarantee that Chat GPT use
 Studies could also investigate the extent to which Chat complies with academic norms and values may be necessary
GPT can enhance student engagement with course to achieve this. This may entail creating avenues via which
materials. This could involve evaluating the level of possible problems or concerns could be reported and
student interest and motivation when using Chat GPT. releasing frequent updates on industry best practices and new
 Research could be conducted to assess the accessibility of developments in technology usage.
Chat GPT for students with different learning needs or
disabilities. Overall, the use of Chat GPT in higher education presents
 Finally, research could explore the broader pedagogical both opportunities and challenges. By developing clear
implications of using Chat GPT in education. strategies and guidelines for its use, teachers and institutions
can ensure that the benefits of this technology are realized
Regulations for Chat GPT while minimizing its risks and negative impacts.
Guidelines for using Chat GPT in education could address a
range of issues, including privacy, student safety, ethical ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: None
considerations, and integrating Chat GPT into the curriculum. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None
Some key elements that could be included in such guidelines FINANCIAL SUPPORT: None
are: ETHICS STATEMENT: None

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