Specialist Mathematics

2023
1
Question booklet 1
Questions 1 to 7 (55 marks)
• Answer all questions
• Write your answers in this question booklet
• You may write on page 16 if you need more space
• Allow approximately 65 minutes
• Approved calculators may be used — complete the box below

Examination information
Materials
• Question booklet 1
• Question booklet 2
• Formula sheet
• SACE registration number label

Instructions
• Show appropriate working and steps of logic in the question booklets
• State all answers correct to three significant figures, unless otherwise instructed
• Use black or blue pen
• You may use a sharp dark pencil for diagrams

Total time: 130 minutes

Total marks: 100

© SACE Board of South Australia 2023

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page 2 of 16
Question 1 (5 marks)

Consider the plane P : x  2 y  z 4 and the line l defined by the following parametric equations,
where t is a real parameter.

x 1  t

 y 2  2t
 z 3  t


(a) Show that the point of intersection of P and l is A  0, 4, 4  .

(3 marks)

(b) Find the equation of the plane which passes through A and is perpendicular to l.

(2 marks)

page 3 of 16 PLEASE TURN OVER

Question 2 (7 marks)

The toy train shown in Figure 1 starts at point B and moves along a straight track.
The rotating camera at point C is 50 cm from B such that CB is perpendicular to the track.
The rotating camera films the train as it moves away from B, making an angle θ as shown.

Train
B
Track x cm

50 cm

θ
C
Camera

Figure 1

by x 50 ln  t  1 , where t  0 is measured in seconds

The displacement of the train from B is given
and x is measured in centimetres.

(a) Find the exact value of x at t  9 seconds.

(1 mark)

 x 
(b) (i) Show that   arctan  .
 50 

(1 mark)

page 4 of 16
 d  50  dx
(ii) Hence show that   .
dt  2500  x 2  dt

(2 marks)

(c) Hence find the rate of change,

d , when t  9 seconds. Give the answer correct to three
significant figures. dt

(3 marks)

page 5 of 16 PLEASE TURN OVER

Question 3 (7 marks)

(a) Write the following complex numbers in exact polar form.

(i) 
z1 3  3i

(1 mark)

z2 3 3  3 i
(ii) 

(1 mark)

(b) Complex numbers z1 and z2 from part (a) are shown on the Argand diagram in Figure 2.
The measure of the acute angle between z1 and z2 is θ.

Im ( z)

O
Re ( z)
θ

z2
z1

Figure 2

z2
(i) Write z in polar form.
1

(1 mark)

page 6 of 16
 (ii) State the exact value of θ.

(1 mark)

1
(c) The complex number z2 from part (a) is scaled by a factor of and rotated anticlockwise about the
2
3
origin O through to produce complex number z3, as shown on the Argand diagram in Figure 3.
2
Im ( z)

z3

O 3θ Re ( z)
2
θ

z1 z2

Figure 3

Using the value of θ found in part (b)(ii), find z3 in exact polar form.

(3 marks)

page 7 of 16 PLEASE TURN OVER

Question 4 (7 marks)

(a) Prove by mathematical induction that 4n  15n  1 is divisible by 9 for all positive integers n.

(5 marks)

page 8 of 16
 n 1
(b) Using the result of part (a), show that 4  60 n  1 is divisible by 3 for all positive integers n.

(2 marks)

page 9 of 16 PLEASE TURN OVER

Question 5 (9 marks)

Consider the planes described by the following system of equations where a is a real constant.

 x  y  3z 4

 x  y  az 2
3 x  ay  z 8

(a) (i) Write the system of equations in augmented matrix form.

(1 mark)

(ii) Using clearly defined row operations, show that the system can be reduced to:

1 1 3 : 4 
 
0 2  a  3 : 2 
 
0 0  a  7   a  1 : 2  a  1 

(3 marks)
page 10 of 16
(b) For this system of equations, what value of a corresponds to the geometric configuration of the
three planes shown in Figure 4?

Figure 4

(1 mark)

(c) Interpret the geometric solution for the case a  3.

(1 mark)

(d) (i) State the value of a for which the intersection of the three planes is a line.

(1 mark)

(ii) Find the equation of this line for the value of a found in part (d)(i).

(2 marks)

page 11 of 16 PLEASE TURN OVER

 Question 6 (10 marks)

The population B of butterflies in a butterfly house has a rate of

dB  B
growth, 0.1Bis1modelled
, that   by the differential equation
dt  K
dB  B
 0.1B 1   ,
dt  K
Source: © Jen567 | Pixabay.com
where K is a positive constant and t is the time in months, t  0 ,
and B equals the number of butterflies in the population.

K 1 1
(a) (i) Show that   .
B  K  B B K B

(1 mark)

(ii) Using integration techniques, show that the butterfly population can be modelled by
K
B for some constant A.
1  Ae  0.1t

(4 marks)
page 12 of 16
(b) For a particular population of butterflies in a butterfly house with an initial population of
120 butterflies (as marked), sketch the solution curve on the slope field in Figure 5 below.
B
600

500

400

300

200

100

t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Figure 5 (2 marks)

(c) The butterfly house modelled in part (b) has undergone extensions and can now accommodate
up to 960 butterflies. A growing butterfly population with an initial population of 120 butterflies is
introduced to the butterfly house. Use the information stated in part (a)(ii) to answer the following.

(i) State the value of K.

(1 mark)

(ii) Find the value of A.

(1 mark)

(iii) How long will it take for this population to exceed 600 butterflies?

(1 mark)

page 13 of 16 PLEASE TURN OVER

Question 7 (10 marks)

(a) Given that  xe dx  xe  e  c , use integration by parts to show that

x x x

 2 x
 
x e x x 2  2 x  2  k , where c and k are constants.
 x e d


(2 marks)

ex
(b) Consider the functions f  x    x
x and g
4

4  x2 . 
1
(i) 
g  x
Show that f  2
 
e x 4  x2 .

(1 mark)

1
g  x
(ii) On Figure 6 below draw the graph of y  f   2

e x 4  x2  for 2  x  2 .
y
1.5

1.0

0.5

x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
– 0.5

– 1.0

– 1.5

Figure 6 (3 marks)

page 14 of 16
  
(c) The curve y  f g  x  sketched in Figure 6 is rotated 2 radians about the x axis for 2  x  2
to form a solid.

(i) Show that the volume of the solid formed by the rotation is given by
2
 x
V
4

e 4  x 2 dx . 
2

(1 mark)

 2
(ii) Using part (a), show that the volume of the solid is
2
 
e  3e 2 .

(3 marks)

page 15 of 16 PLEASE TURN OVER

You may write on this page if you need more space to finish your answers to any of the questions in
this question booklet. Make sure to label each answer carefully (e.g. 5(a)(ii) continued).

page 16 of 16 — end of booklet

 Specialist Mathematics
2023
Question booklet 2
Questions 8 to 10 (45 marks)
• Answer all questions
• Write your answers in this question booklet
• You may write on page 11 if you need more space
• Allow approximately 65 minutes
• Approved calculators may be used — complete the box below

© SACE Board of South Australia 2023

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Question 8 (15 marks)

90 and
(a) Triangle ABT, shown in Figure 7, has  ATB 
 ABT  . A T

The vector l is in the direction of BT , passing through B.

BA l l
Using BA l BA l sin , show that AT .
l
θ
B

Figure 7

(2 marks)

Point A  4, 0, 2  on plane P1: 2 x  2 y  z 6 and point B  1,  6,  2  on

plane P2 : 2 x  2 y  z 12 are shown in Figure 8.
Point T is on P1, such that BT is normal to P1 and to P2.

T P1: 2 x 2 y z 6
A 4, 0, 2

P2 : 2 x 2 y z 12
B 1, 6, 2

Figure 8

(b) Find BA .

(1 mark)

page 2 of 11
 is l
(c) It may be assumed that a normal vector to P1 and P2   2, 2,  1.
(i) Find BA × l .

(2 marks)

(ii) Find AT , using the result of part (a).

(2 marks)

(iii) Find the equation of the line normal to P2 through B  1,  6,  2  .

(2 marks)

(iv) Show that the line found in part (c)(iii) intersects P1 at T  3,  2,  4  .

(2 marks)

page 3 of 11 PLEASE TURN OVER

The plane P3 : 2 x  2 y  z k , where k is a constant, is shown in Figure 9.
The line passing through A and B intersects P3 at point C, as shown.
The line normal to P3 through C meets P1 at point V such that AV = 5 AT .

A T V P1: 2 x 2 y z 6
4, 0, 2 3, 2, 4

B P2 : 2 x 2 y z 12
1, 6, 2

C P3: 2 x 2 y z k

Figure 9

(d) Find the value of k.

(4 marks)

page 4 of 11
Question 9 (15 marks)

On the Argand diagram in Figure 10 is the set of complex numbers z such that z  cis for      .
The Argand diagram in Figure 11 shows the complex numbers z1, z2 , z3, z4 , z5 which are the zeros of
the polynomial z 5  1.

Im ( z) Im ( z)

z2
z3

z1
Re ( z) Re ( z)

z4

z5

Figure 10 Figure 11

(a) Using De Moivre’s theorem or otherwise, write the zeros of z 5  1 in exact polar form.

(3 marks)

1 1
(b) Consider the function f  z   z 2  z  1   , where z  cis .
z z2
(i) Show that f  z   5 .

(2 marks)

(ii) Find a value of z for which f  z   5 .

(1 mark)

page 5 of 11 PLEASE TURN OVER

(c) (i) 1 z 2  z  1  f  z  .
Show that z 5 

(2 marks)

(ii) Hence list the four zeros of f  z  in polar form.

(1 mark)

(d) Using z  cis :

(i) show that f  z  is real.

(3 marks)

(ii) show that f  z   4 cos 2   2 cos   1.

(1 mark)

page 6 of 11
(iii) find the minimum value of f  z  .

(1 mark)

(iv) on Figure 12, mark the value(s) of z for which f  z  is the minimum.

Im ( z)
1

Re ( z)
–1 1

–1

Figure 12 (1 mark)

page 7 of 11 PLEASE TURN OVER

Question 10 (15 marks)

1 1
(a) Show that  2
 cos x dx 
x sin 2 x  c , where c is a constant.
 2 4

(2 marks)

(b) On Figure 13, draw the curve defined by the following parametric equations, where t is time
in seconds.

 x  4 2 sin t

 2 for 0  t  2
y  sin 2t
 2

y
1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

x
–6 –4 –2 2 4 6
– 0.2

– 0.4

– 0.6

– 0.8

– 1.0

Figure 13 (3 marks)

page 8 of 11
Consider a dragonfly flying over a pond. The flight path of this dragonfly is modelled in 3D by the
 x  4 2 sin t

 2
parametric equations  y  sin 2t for 0  t  2 , where t is time in seconds.
 2
 z  4t

The flight path of this dragonfly is shown in Figure 14 for 0  t  2 .
z

Figure 14 Source: © michel78250 | Pixabay.com

(c) (i) Find the exact velocity vector v for the flight of this dragonfly.

(3 marks)

(ii) Show that the speed of the dragonfly at any time is given by 2 2 cos 2 t  3 2 .

(4 marks)

Question 10 continues on page 10

page 9 of 11 PLEASE TURN OVER
  3
(iii) Hence show that the exact distance travelled by the dragonfly over the interval t 
4 4
is 2  2  1 .

(3 marks)

page 10 of 11
You may write on this page if you need more space to finish your answers to any of the questions in
this question booklet. Make sure to label each answer carefully (e.g. 10(c)(ii) continued).

page 11 of 11 — end of booklet

 SPECIALIST MATHEMATICS FORMULA SHEET

Circular functions Quadratic equations

2 2
sin A  cos A  1 2 b  b 2  4ac
If ax  bx  c 0 then x  .
2a
tan 2A  1  sec 2A
1  cot 2A  cosec 2A Distance from a point to a plane

sin  A  B   sin A cos B  cos A sin B The distance from ( x1, y1, z1 ) to
0 is given by
Ax  By  C z  D 
cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
Ax1  By1  C z1  D
tan A  tan B .
tan  A  B   A2  B 2  C 2
1  tan A tan B
sin 2 A  2 sin A cos A Derivatives
2 2
cos
 2 A cos A  sin A dy
f  x  y f  x 
 2 cos A  1 2 dx
1
 1  2 sin 2A arcsin x
2 tan A 1  x2
tan 2 A 
1  tan 2A 1
arccos x
2 sin A cos
 B sin  A  B   sin  A  B  1  x2
1
2 cos A cos B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B  arctan x
1  x2
sin B cos  A  B   cos  A  B 
2 sin A
1 1 Properties of derivatives
2 sin 2  A  B  cos 2  A  B 
sin A  sin B 

cos A  cos
B
1
2 cos 2  A  B 1
cos 2  A  B
d
dx  
f  x g  x  f  x g  x  f  x g x

1 1 d  f  x  f  x g  x  f  x g x
2 sin 2  A  B  sin 2  A  B 
cos A  cos B   
dx  g  x    g  x 
2

d
Matrices and determinants f  g  x   f  g  x  g x 
dx
a b
If A   A A
 then det   ad  bc and
c d 
Arc length along a parametric curve
1  d b  b
A1  .
A  c a  l  v  v dt, where a  t  b.

a

Measurement
1 Integration by parts
Area of sector, A  2 r 2 , where  is in radians.
Arc length, l  r , where  is in radians.  f   x  g  x  dx  f  x  g  x    f  x  g   x  d x
 
In any triangle ABC: A
Volumes of revolution
c b
b

About x axis, V    y 2dx , where y is a function of x.

C 
B a a
d
1
Area of triangle  2 ab sin C About y axis, V    x dy , where y is a one-to-one
2

a b c function of x.
c
 
sin A sin B sin C

a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos A

© SACE Board of South Australia 2023