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Arithmetic Progression Assignment No 5 Solutions

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Arithmetic Progression Assignment No 5 Solutions

Uploaded by

yashgargkumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CBSEASSISTANCE.

COM
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
ASSIGNMENT NO. 5 SOLUTIONS

1. 𝑆𝑛 = 4𝑛2 − 3𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑆𝑛 − 𝑆𝑛−1
𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛2 − 3𝑛 − [4(𝑛 − 1)2 − 3(𝑛 − 1)]
𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛2 − 3𝑛 − [4𝑛2 + 4 − 8𝑛 − 3𝑛 + 1]
𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛2 − 3𝑛 − 4𝑛2 + 11𝑛 − 5
𝑎𝑛 = 8𝑛 − 5

2. Let the numbers be 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑


Sum = 27
𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 27
3𝑎 = 27
𝑎=9
Product = 405
(𝑎 − 𝑑)𝑎(𝑎 + 𝑑) = 405
(𝑎2 − 𝑑 2 )𝑎 = 405
(92 − 𝑑 2 )9 = 405
81 − 𝑑 2 = 45
𝑑 2 = 36
𝑑 = ±6
When 𝑎 = 9, 𝑑 = 6
𝑎−𝑑 =9−6=3
𝑎=9
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 9 + 6 = 15
When 𝑎 = 9, 𝑑 = −6
𝑎 − 𝑑 = 9 − (−6) = 15
𝑎=9
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 9 + (−6) = 3
Hence, the numbers are 3, 9 and 15.

1
3. Prove 𝑆12 = 3(𝑆8 − 𝑆4 )
Let the first term be 𝑎 and common difference be 𝑑.
12
L.H.S. = 𝑆12 = (2𝑎 + 11𝑑) = 6(2𝑎 + 11𝑑) = 12𝑎 + 66𝑑
2
R.H.S. = 3(𝑆8 − 𝑆4 )
8 4
= 3 [ (2𝑎 + 7𝑑) − (2𝑎 + 3𝑑)]
2 2
= 3[4(2𝑎 + 7𝑑) − 2(2𝑎 + 3𝑑)]
= 3[8𝑎 + 28𝑑 − 4𝑎 − 6𝑑]
= 3(4𝑎 + 22𝑑)
= 12𝑎 + 66𝑑
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence, 𝑆12 = 3(𝑆8 − 𝑆4 )

4. Let the first term be 𝐴 and common difference be 𝐷.


𝑎 = 𝐴, 𝑏 = 𝐴 + 𝐷, 𝑐 = 𝐴 + 2𝑑, 𝑑 = 𝐴 + 3𝐷, 𝑒 = 𝐴 + 4𝑑
𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 6𝑐 − 4𝑑 + 𝑒
= 𝐴 − 4(𝐴 + 𝐷) + 6(𝐴 + 2𝐷) − 4(𝐴 + 3𝐷) + 𝐴 + 4𝐷
= 𝐴 − 4𝐴 − 4𝐷 + 6𝐴 + 12𝐷 − 4𝐴 − 12𝐷 + 𝐴 + 4𝐷
= 8𝐴 − 8𝐴 + 16𝐷 − 16𝐷
=0

5. Prove 𝑎3𝑚+1 = 2𝑎𝑚+𝑛+1


Let 𝑎 be the first term and 𝑑 be the common difference.
𝑎𝑚+1 = 2𝑎𝑛+1
𝑎 + (𝑚 + 1 − 1)𝑑 = 2[𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1 − 1)𝑑]
𝑎 + 𝑚𝑑 = 2(𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑)
𝑎 + 𝑚𝑑 = 2𝑎 + 2𝑛𝑑
𝑚𝑑 − 2𝑛𝑑 = 2𝑎 − 𝑎
𝑑(𝑚 − 2𝑛) = 𝑎 … … (𝑖)
L.H.S. = 𝑎3𝑚+1 = 𝑎 + (3𝑚 + 1 − 1)𝑑
= 𝑎 + 3𝑚𝑑 = 𝑑(𝑚 − 2𝑛) + 3𝑚𝑑 {using equation (i)]
= 𝑚𝑑 − 2𝑛𝑑 + 3𝑚𝑑 = 4𝑚𝑑 − 2𝑛𝑑
R.H.S. = 2𝑎𝑚+𝑛+1 = 2[𝑎 + (𝑚 + 𝑛 + 1 − 1)𝑑] = 2[𝑎 + (𝑚 + 𝑛)𝑑]
= 2[𝑑(𝑚 − 2𝑛) + (𝑚 + 𝑛)𝑑] [using equation (i)]
= 2[𝑚𝑑 − 2𝑛𝑑 + 𝑚𝑑 + 𝑛𝑑]

2
= 2[2𝑚𝑑 − 𝑛𝑑]
= 4𝑚𝑑 − 2𝑛𝑑
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
𝑎3𝑚+1 = 2𝑎𝑚+𝑛+1

6. Let 𝑎 be the first term and 𝑑 be the common difference.


𝑎𝑝 = 𝑞
𝑎 + (𝑝 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑞 … … (𝑖)
𝑎𝑞 = 𝑝
𝑎 + (𝑞 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑝 … … (𝑖𝑖)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i)
𝑎 + (𝑝 − 1)𝑑 − [𝑎 + (𝑞 − 1)𝑑] = 𝑞 − 𝑝
𝑎 + (𝑝 − 1)𝑑 − 𝑎 − (𝑞 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑞 − 𝑝
(𝑝 − 1 − 𝑞 + 1)𝑑 = 𝑞 − 𝑝
(𝑝 − 𝑞)𝑑 = −(𝑝 − 𝑞)
𝑑 = −1
Put the value of 𝑑 in equation (i)
𝑎 + (𝑝 − 1)(−1) = 𝑞
𝑎−𝑝+1=𝑞
𝑎 =𝑝+𝑞−1
𝑎𝑝+𝑞
= 𝑎 + (𝑝 + 𝑞 − 1)𝑑
= 𝑝 + 𝑞 − 1 + (𝑝 + 𝑞 − 1)(−1)
=𝑝+𝑞−1−𝑝−𝑞+1
=0
Hence, (𝑝 + 𝑞)𝑡ℎ is 0.

7. Let 𝑎 be the first term and 𝑑 be the common difference


𝑆𝑚 = 𝑆𝑛
𝑚 𝑛
[2𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑] = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2 2
Multiplying both sides by 2
2𝑎𝑚 + (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑑 = 2𝑎𝑛 + (𝑛2 − 𝑛)𝑑
2𝑎𝑚 − 2𝑎𝑛 + (𝑚2 − 𝑚 − 𝑛2 + 𝑛)𝑑 = 0
2𝑎(𝑚 − 𝑛) + [(𝑚2 − 𝑛2 ) − (𝑚 − 𝑛)] = 0
2𝑎(𝑚 − 𝑛) + [(𝑚 + 𝑛)(𝑚 − 𝑛) − (𝑚 − 𝑛)] = 0
3
Dividing both sides by (𝑚 − 𝑛)
2𝑎 + (𝑚 − 𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 0 … … (𝑖)
𝑆𝑚+𝑛
𝑚+𝑛
=( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑚 + 𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑚+𝑛
=( ) × 0 [𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖)]
2
Hence, the sum of (𝑚 + 𝑛) terms is 0.

8. Let 𝑎 be the first term and 𝑑 be the common difference.


𝑆𝑚 = 𝑛 (given)
𝑚
[2𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑] = 𝑛
2
2𝑎𝑚 + (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑑] = 2𝑛 … … (𝑖)
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑚
𝑛
[2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] = 𝑚
2
2𝑎𝑛 + (𝑛2 − 𝑛)𝑑 = 2𝑚 … … (𝑖𝑖)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i)
2𝑎𝑚 + (𝑚2 − 𝑚)𝑑 − 2𝑎𝑛 − (𝑛2 − 𝑛)𝑑 = 2𝑛 − 2𝑚
2𝑎(𝑚 − 𝑛) + (𝑚2 − 𝑚 − 𝑛2 + 𝑛)𝑑 = 2𝑛 − 2𝑚
2𝑎(𝑚 − 𝑛) + [(𝑚2 − 𝑛2 ) − (𝑚 − 𝑛)]𝑑 = −2(𝑚 − 𝑛)
2𝑎(𝑚 − 𝑛) + [(𝑚 + 𝑛)(𝑚 − 𝑛) − (𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑑] = −2(𝑚 − 𝑛)
Dividing both sides by (𝑚 − 𝑛)
2𝑎 + (𝑚 + 𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = −2 … … (𝑖)

𝑚+𝑛
𝑆𝑚+𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑚 + 𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑚+𝑛
=(
2
) (−2) [using equation (i)]
= −(𝑚 + 𝑛)

9. Three digit numbers divisible by 5 leaving remainder 2 are 102, 107, 112,
……, 997
107 – 102 = 5
112 – 107 = 5
117 – 112 = 5

4
……………………
…………………….
Since 𝑎𝑘+1 − 𝑎𝑘 is same for all the values of 𝑘
Hence, 102, 107, 112,…………, 997 form an A.P. with 𝑎 = 102 and 𝑑 = 5
Let number of terms be 𝑛.
𝑎𝑛 = 997
𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 997
102 + (𝑛 − 1)5 = 997
(𝑛 − 1)5 = 997 − 102
(𝑛 − 1)5 = 895
𝑛 − 1 = 179
𝑛 = 180
Hence, 180 three digit numbers are divisible by 5 leaving remainder 2.

10.Let 𝑎 be the first term and 𝑑 be the common difference.


1
𝑎𝑚 =
𝑛
1
𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑 = … … (𝑖)
𝑛
1
𝑎𝑛 =
𝑚
1
𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = … … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑚
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i)
1 1
𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑 − 𝑎 − (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = −
𝑛 𝑚
𝑚−𝑛
(𝑚 − 1 − 𝑛 + 1)𝑑 =
𝑚𝑛
𝑚−𝑛
(𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑑 =
𝑚𝑛
1
𝑑= … … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
𝑚𝑛
Put the value of 𝑑 in equation (i)
1 1
𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1) =
𝑚𝑛 𝑛
1 1 1
𝑎+ − =
𝑛 𝑚𝑛 𝑛

5
1 1 1
𝑎= − +
𝑛 𝑛 𝑚𝑛
1
𝑎= … … (𝑖𝑣)
𝑚𝑛
𝑚𝑛
𝑆𝑚𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑚𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑚𝑛 1 (𝑚𝑛−1)1
= [2 × + ] [𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑣)]
2 𝑚𝑛 𝑚𝑛
𝑚𝑛 1
= × [2 + 𝑚𝑛 − 1]
2 𝑚𝑛
1
= (𝑚𝑛 + 1)
2
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑.

11.Let 𝑎 be the first term and 𝑑 be the common term.


𝑛
𝑆1 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] … … (𝑖)
2
2𝑛
𝑆2 = [2𝑎 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑] … … (𝑖𝑖)
2
3𝑛
𝑆3 = [2𝑎 + (3𝑛 − 1)𝑑] … … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
2
R.H.S. = 3(𝑆2 − 𝑆1 )
2𝑛 𝑛
= 3 [ {2𝑎 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑} − {2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑}] [𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞. (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)]
2 2
3𝑛
= [2{2𝑎 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑 − 2𝑎 − (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
3𝑛
= [4𝑎 + (4𝑛 − 2)𝑑 − 2𝑎 − (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
3𝑛
= [2𝑎 + (4𝑛 − 2 − 𝑛 + 1)𝑑]
2
3𝑛
= [2𝑎 + (3𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
= 𝑆3 [using equation (iii)]
Hence, 𝑆3 = 3(𝑆2 − 𝑆1 )

12.𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛𝑏
𝑎𝑛+1 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1)𝑏
𝑎𝑛+1 − 𝑎𝑛

6
= 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1)𝑏 − (𝑎 + 𝑛𝑏)
= 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1)𝑏 − 𝑎 − 𝑛𝑏
= 𝑛𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑛𝑏
= 𝑏, which is independent of 𝑛
Hence, no matter what the real numbers 𝑎 and 𝑏 are, the sequence with 𝑛𝑡ℎ
term 𝑎 + 𝑛𝑏 is always an A.P.
Common difference = 𝑏
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛𝑏
𝑎1 = 𝑎 + 1 × 𝑏
𝑎1 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
20
𝑆20 = [2𝑎1 + 19𝑑]
2
𝑆20 = 10[2(𝑎 + 𝑏) + 19𝑏]
𝑆20 = 10[2𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 19𝑏]
𝑆20 = 20𝑎 + 210𝑏

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