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Reproduction in Humans - 8 (Biology)

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22 views

Reproduction in Humans - 8 (Biology)

Uploaded by

Kakoli Mukherjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reproduction in Humans Class- VIII

1. Differentiate between sexual and asexual modes of reproduction.


Ans:
Sexual mode of reproduction Asexual mode of reproduction
It involves the fusion of male and female It does not involves the fusion of male and
gametes female gametes
It usually requires two different individuals It requires only one individual
The individuals produced are not identical to The individuals produced are identical to their
their parents and show variations from each parents and are hence called clones
other and also from their parents
It is a slow process It is a fast process
2. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a sperm cell.
Ans:

3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of an egg cell or ovum.


Ans:

4. Describe the structure and the functions of ovaries.


Ans: The ovaries are two small whitish, oval-shaped glands located on either side of the uterus in
the lower half of the abdomen.
The functions are:
 Ovaries produce egg cell (or ovum). Only one egg is produced by an ovary alternatively each
month.
 Ovaries secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play an
important role in reproductive development and menstruation.
5. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the female reproductive system.
Ans:

6. What are fallopian tubes? What is their function?

Ans: Fallopian tubes or oviducts are a pair of narrow, muscular, long ducts that extend from each
ovary to the upper part of the uterus.
Functions:
 It carries eggs (fertilised or unfertilised) from the ovary to the uterus.
 Fertilisation occurs in the oviducts.
7. Describe the structure and function of the uterus.
Ans: The uterus is a hollow, inverted pear shaped muscular organ found in the pelvic cavity between
the urinary bladder and the rectum.
Function:
The main function of the uterus is to provide nourishment and a facilitative environment for the
growth and development of the embryo during gestation.
8. What is vagina? State its function(s).
Ans: The vagina is an elastic, muscular tube about 7.5–9 cm long. It is located in the pelvis between
the urethra and rectum. The vagina extends from the cervix to the vulva.
Functions:
 It receives the male’s penis during copulation.
 It serves as a birth canal.
9. What is vulva?
Ans: The vulva is the outer part of the female reproductive system. The urethra and the vagina open
into the vulva.
10. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the male reproductive system.
Ans:

11. State the location and function of the testes?


Ans: A pair of testes lies outside the abdominal cavity in a sac called the scrotum.
Function:
 Produces sperms.
 Produces testosterone, the male sex hormone.
12. Why do the testes lie outside the abdominal cavity in a sac like structure called scrotum?
Ans: Synthesis of sperms requires 2-3°C lower than normal body temperature. So, they are enclosed
by a sac-like structure called the scrotum, which helps testes maintain the required temperature.
13. What is epididymis? State its function.
Ans: The epididymis is an elongated tubular structure attached to the posterior side of each one of
the two testicles. It is a single, narrow, tightly coiled tube connects the testicle to the vas deferens in
the male reproductive system.
Function:
The main function of the epididymis is to store the sperms for maturation and transport it to vas
deferens or the sperm duct.
14. What is the function of the sperm duct?
Ans: The sperm duct help in carrying mature sperms from the epididymis to the urethra during
ejaculation.
15. State the location and function of seminal vesicles.
Ans: The seminal vesicles are a pair of lobulated glands, each opening into the corresponding sperm
duct just before uniting with the urethra.
Function:
The fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles make up about 60-70% of the volume of semen and it
serves as a medium for the transportation of sperms during ejaculation.
16. State the location and function of the prostate gland.
Ans: It is located at the base of the urinary bladder, encircling the urethra.
Function:
The prostatic fluid accounts for 20 to 30% of the volume of semen.This fluid contain enzymes,
proteins, and minerals that protect and nourish sperms. The alkalinity of the fluid helps ensure the
viability of sperm in reproduction.

17. State the location and function of Cowper’s glands.


Ans: Cowper's glands are pea sized glands present inferior to the prostate gland in the male
reproductive system.
Function:
The secretion of these glands lubricates the end of the penis during intercourse.
18. State the function of male urethra.
Ans: The urethra in men passes through the penis and carries either urine or semen.
19. State the composition of semen.
Ans: [from book]
20. Why is it important that a very large number of sperms should be present in semen?
Ans: During sexual intercourse, the sperms are released into the vagina of the female.From the
vagina, the sperms swim upwards to reach the oviduct but only a few sperms are able to reach the
oviduct and if there happens to be an egg then it gets fertilised by a single sperm to form the zygote.
Rest die during the course of their journey due to vaginal secretions, or due to their short life span
and are absorbed. So, it is very important that a large number of sperms are produced to ensure
fertilisation.
21. What is fertilisation?
Ans: Fertilization in humans refers to the process of fusion of male and female gametes i.e. the
fusion of the nucleus of sperm with that of the ovum so as to form zygote.
22. What is implantation?
Ans: After fertilisation, the zygote travels down the fallopian tube, where it develops into a morula.
Once it reaches the uterus, the morula develops into a blastocyst (a small ball of numerous
cells). The blastocyst then burrows into the uterine wall (endometrium) by a process called
implantation. This produces the state of pregnancy.
23. What is differentiation in embryo development?
Ans: The zygote develops into an embryo through repeated cell divisions and is accompanied by a
process in which specialisation of cells lead to the formation of different body parts like tissues,
organs, organ systems and so on, is referred to as differentiation.
24. What is gestation? How long does it last in humans?
Ans: The full term of development of an embryo in the uterus i.e. from conception to birth, is called
gestation.
In humans, it lasts for about 280 days.

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