10

Science
Quarter 2 - Module 3
The Effects of Electromagnetic
Radiation on Living Things and
the Environment

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3
AIRs - LM
SCIENCE 10
Quarter 2 - Module 3: The Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Living Things and the
Environment
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written
permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Leonora S. Visaya

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Content Reviewer: Jemima C. Villaraza
Language Reviewer: Emelyn Hobayan
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr.
Design and Layout: Mark Jesus M. Mulato

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
Email Address: [email protected]

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3
 10
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 3
The Effects of Electromagnetic
Radiation on Living Things and
the Environment

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3
 Target

In the previous module you have learned about the different regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum which lead you to understand how electromagnetic waves
transport energy and how they are applied in everyday living.

In this AIRs-LM, you will be provided with informations and activities that
will enrich your understanding about the effects of non-ionizing and ionizing
electromagnetic radiation on living thing and the environment and the solution to
reduce the risk of electromagnetic radiation.
After going through this AIRs – LM, you are expected to:
1. Explain the effects of electromagnetic radiadion on living things and the
environment
(S10–FE–Iie–f–49)

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 1
Pre-Test
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your choice on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following statement best describes electromagnetic radiation?
EMR ____________.
A. is classified as transverse waves
B. travels long distances through obstacles
C. consists of electric and magnetic fields of an EM wave
D. refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field propagating through space
carrying electromagnetic radiant energy
2. Which of the following is the major source of infrared radiation?
A. Air B. Light C. Soil D. Sun
3. What type of electromagnetic radiation is used in satellite communication,
radar, television transmission and cooking?
A. Microwave B. Radio wave C. Visible Light D. X-ray
4. Radio waves are useful forms of EM waves, but they also have harmful
effects to the body. Some health experts say that too much exposure to high
frequency radio waves may _________________________________.
A. cause severe burns
B. damage body tissues
C. carry the highest amount of energy
D. cause cancer, leukemia, and other health problems
5. How do you stop cellphone radiation?
A. Sleep with your phone
B. Avoid using your phone when it has high signal
C. Carry and keep your smartphone near your body
D. Use hand free and text messages whenever possible
6. When does infrared radiation becomes a health hazard?
A. It can cause severe burns
B. It kills cells including cancerous cells
C. Exposure to high frequency may cause cancer
D. Exposure to intense electromagnetic radiation can damage the lens and
cornea of the eye
7. What is the most dangerous type of radiation?
A. Gamma rays C. Radio wave
B. Microwave D. X-rays
8. What is the effect of Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) in living cells? Living
cells ___________.
A. repair broken tissues
B. unite to form a reaction
C. are broken and damaged
D. are the building blocks of matter

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 2
 9. Why is absorption of UV rays in small doses by the human body very
important? It is because _______________________
A. it helps in the production of iron needed by the body
B. it helps in the absorption of sulfur needed by the body
C. it helps in the production and absorption of sodium that makes our
bones healthy and strong
D. UV rays play an important role in the production of vitamin D which
helps in the production and absorption of calcium that makes our bones
healthy and strong
10. Despite the benefits obtained from using x-ray radiation for medical
purposes, x-ray is still considered as a potential health hazard because of
its ______________________.
A. chemical property C. intensive property
B. physical property D. ionization property
11. Which of the following is a gamma ray emitter that is use to treat cancer
cells?
A. Carbon – 12 C. Radon - 12
B. Cobalt – 60 D. Thorium – 12
12. How can infrared radiation be detected if cannot be seen? It is detected
when it is ______________________.
A. transferred to one medium to another
B. transferred from radiant energy to heat energy
C. converted to other forms of energy such as heat
D. transferred from chemical energy to thermal energy
13. Why are high frequency electromagnetic waves like gamma rays harmful to
living things? It is because ________________________
A. they carry very high amount of energy that enable them to penetrate and
kill living cells.
B. they carry moderate amount of energy that enable them to penetrate and
kill living cells.
C. they carry low amount of energy that enable them to penetrate and kill
living cells.
D. they pass through soft tissues but are filtered by dense matter
14. What type of radiation is released by atoms that travels in the form of
electromagnetic waves on particles?
A. Infrared Radiation C. Non-ionizing Radiation
B. Ionizing Radiation D. Plasma Radiation
15. Which of the following type of ionizing radiation is the most dangerous?
A. Alpha Radiation C. Gamma Radiation
B. Beta Radiation D. Plasma Radiation

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 3
 Lesson Effects of Ionizing and Non-
1 Ionozing Radiation

Jumpstart

Activity 1: Where Do I Belong?

Direction: Below is the lists of the types of electromagnetic radiation. Categorize
them as ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in a table.

X-ray Infrared
Gamma Ray Visible light
Microwave Ultraviolet
Alpha Beta
Neutron Gamma
Radio frequencies

Ionizing Radiation Non-ionizing Radiation

Guide Questions:
1. Identify and describe the types of ionizing radiation?
2. How is non-ionizing radiation differ from ionizing radiation?
3. What is the risk from exposure to ionizing and no-ionizing radiation?

That’s indeed a good start! Keep it up!

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 4
 Discover

Radiation exists all around us, from both natural and manmade sources,
and is in two forms namely, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation is a form of energy that acts by removing electrons from
atoms and molecules of materials that include air, water, and living tissue. Ionizing
radiation can travel unseen and pass through these materials. Ionizing radiation is
also a type of energy released by atoms that travels in the form of electromagnetic
waves (Gamma or X-rays) or particles (neutrons, beta or alpha). The spontaneous
disintegration of atoms is called radioactivity, and the excess energy emitted is a
form of ionizing radiation. Unstable elements which disintegrate and emit ionizing
radiation are called radionuclides. Ionizing radiation takes a few forms: Alpha, beta,
and neutron particles, and gamma and X-rays. All types are caused by unstable
atoms, which have either an excess of energy or mass (or both). In order to reach a
stable state, they must release that extra energy or mass in the form of radiation.

Types of Ionizing Radiation

1. Alpha Radiation

Figure 1. The emission of an alpha particle from the nucleus of an atom

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html

Alpha radiation occurs when an atom undergoes radioactive decay, giving off
a particle (called an alpha particle) consisting of two protons and two neutron
(essentially the nucleus of a helium-4 atom), changing the originating atom to one
of an element with an atomic number 2 less and atomic weight 4 less than it started
with. Due to their charge and mass, alpha particles interact strongly with matter,
and only travel a few centimeters in air. Alpha particles are unable to penetrate the
outer layer of dead skin cells, but are capable, if an alpha emitting substance is
ingested as food or air, causing serious cell damage.

Alexander Litvinenko is a famous example. He was poisoned by polonium-

210, an alpha emitter, in his tea. The health effect from exposure to alpha particles

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 5
depends greatly on how a person is exposed. Alpha particles lack the energy to
penetrate even the outer layer of skin, so exposure to the outside of the body is not
a major concern. Inside the body, however, they can be very harmful. If alpha-
emitters are inhaled, swallowed, or get into the body through a cut, the alpha
particles can damage sensitive living tissue. The way these large, heavy particles
cause damage makes them more dangerous than other types of radiation. The
ionizations they cause are very close together - they can release all their energy in
a few cells. This results in more severe damage to cells and DNA.

2. Beta Radiation

Figure 2. Beta radiation: The emission of a beta particle from the nucleus of an atom
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html

Beta radiation takes the form of either an electron or a positron (a particle

with the size and mass of an electron, but with a positive charge) being emitted
from an atom. Due to the smaller mass, it is able to travel further in air, up to a
few meters, and can be stopped by a thick piece of plastic, or even a stack of paper.
It can penetrate skin a few centimeters, posing somewhat of an external health risk.
However, the main threat is still primarily from internal emission from ingested
material. Beta particles are more penetrating than alpha particles, but are less
damaging to living tissue and DNA because the ionizations they produce are more
widely spaced. They travel farther in air than alpha particles, but can be stopped
by a layer of clothing or by a thin layer of a substance such as aluminum. Some
beta particles are capable of penetrating the skin and causing damage such as
skin burns. However, as with alpha-emitters, beta-emitters are most hazardous
when they are inhaled or swallowed.

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 6
3. Gamma Radiation

Figure 3. Gamma radiation: The emission of an high-energy wave from the nucleus of an atom.
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html

Gamma radiation, unlike alpha or beta, does not consist of any particles,
instead consisting of a photon of energy being emitted from an unstable nucleus.
Having no mass or charge, gamma radiation can travel much farther through air
than alpha or beta, losing (on average) half its energy for every 500 feet. Gamma
waves can be stopped by a thick or dense enough layer material, with high atomic
number materials such as lead or depleted uranium being the most effective form
of shielding. The extremely high energy of gamma rays allows them to penetrate just
about anything. They can even pass through bones and teeth. This makes gamma
rays very dangerous. They can destroy living cells, produce gene mutations, and
cause cancer. Ironically, the deadly effects of gamma rays can be used to treat
cancer. In this type of treatment, a medical device sends out focused gamma rays
that target cancerous cells. The gamma rays kill the cells and destroy the cancer.

4. X-Rays

Figure 4. X-Rays: The emission of a high energy wave from the electron cloud of an atom
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html

X- rays are similar to gamma radiation, with the primary difference being that
they originate from the electron cloud. This is generally caused by energy changes
in an electron, such as moving from a higher energy level to a lower one, causing
the excess energy to be released. X-Rays are longer wavelength and (usually) lower

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 7
energy than gamma radiation, as well. X- rays can cause mutations in our DNA and,
therefore, might lead to cancer later in life. For this reason, X-rays are classified as
a carcinogen by both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States
government. While X-rays are linked to a slightly increased risk of cancer, there is
an extremely low risk of short-term side effects. Exposure to high radiation levels
can have a range of effects, such as vomiting, bleeding, fainting, hair loss, and the
loss of skin and hair. However, X-rays provide such a low dose of radiation that they
are not believed to cause any immediate health problems. The use of X-rays and
radioactive materials in science, medicine, and industry led to the recognition,
documented by reports of radiation burns, that radiation exposure, although helpful
for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, might also be harmful, and protective
measures were taken to limit exposure All X-rays are dangerous because they can
damage healthy living cells of the body. This is the reason why frequent exposure
to X-rays should be avoided. Too much exposure to X-rays can damage body tissues
and can cause cancer.

5. Neutron Radiation

Figure 5. Neutron radiation: The emission of a neutron from the nucleus of an atom
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html

Lastly, neutron radiation consists of a free neutron, usually emitted as a

result of spontaneous or induced nuclear fission. Able to travel hundreds or even
thousands of meters in air, they are however able to be effectively stopped if blocked
by a hydrogen-rich material, such as concrete or water. Not typically able to ionize
an atom directly due to their lack of a charge, neutrons most commonly are indirectly
ionizing, in that they are absorbed into a stable atom, thereby making it unstable
and more likely to emit off ionizing radiation of another type. Neutrons are, in fact,
the only type of radiation that is able to turn other materials radioactive. In health
physics neutron radiation is a type of radiation hazard. Another, sometimes more
severe hazard of neutron radiation, is neutron activation, the ability of neutron
radiation to induce radioactivity in most substances it encounters, including bodily
tissues. This occurs through the capture of neutrons by atomic nuclei, which are
transformed to another nuclide, frequently a radionuclide.

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 8
 This process accounts for much of the radioactive material released by the
detonation of a nuclear weapon. It is also a problem in nuclear fission and nuclear
fusion installations as it gradually renders the equipment radioactive such that
eventually it must be replaced and disposed of as low- level radioactive waste.

Non-Ionizing Radiation
Non-Ionizing Radiation is a type of low-energy radiation that does not have
enough energy to remove an electron (negative particle) from an atom or molecule.
Most types of non-ionizing radiation have not been found to cause cancer. This
radiation exists all around us from many sources. It is to the left of ionizing radiation
on the electromagnetic spectrum in the figure below.
Figure 6. Electromagnetic Spectrum

Non-ionizing radiation includes visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light;

microwaves; radio waves; and radiofrequency energy from cell phones.
The dividing line between non-ionizing and ionizing radiation occurs in the
ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum [shown in the illustration of the
electromagnetic spectrum above]. Radiation in the ultraviolet band and at lower
energies (to the left of ultraviolet) is called non-ionizing radiation, while at the higher
energies to the right of the ultraviolet band is called ionizing radiation.

Types of Non-Ionizing Radiation

Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes from the sun, welding, black lights and UV
lasers. The sun emits UVA, UVB and UVC rays. UVC rays are absorbed by the ozone
layer and never actually reach the Earth. Both UVA and UVB light are important for
humans in the production of Vitamin D. However, the effects of overexposure to UV
rays can be negative and can be immediate or delayed. Sunburn, skin cancer and
cataracts develop over time with excessive exposure.

Visible Light

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 9
 The visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum can be seen by
humans, animals and other organisms. This type of light consists of seven colors:
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. When all the colors are present
at one time, the light is white. Rainbows are created when visible light passes
through raindrops. The raindrops act like a prism and break the light down into its
individual colors. Overexposure to visible light can damage both the eyes and skin.

Infrared
Everything on Earth gives off some amount of infrared (IR) radiation. The
human eye cannot see most of the IR spectrum, but we can feel it as heat. IR
radiation is used in furnaces, heat lamps, toasters, night-vision goggles and the
lasers seen on TV remote controls. About half of the total energy the sun gives off
is in the form of IR radiation, which we feel as heat. In large amounts, this type of
radiation can damage the eyes and even cause blindness.
IR radiation from the sun is normally absorbed by the Earth’s surface and the
clouds, then released as heat into the atmosphere. When the atmosphere has a lot
of water vapor, along with nitrogen, sulfur and fluorocarbons, the IR radiation gets
trapped and causes the atmospheric temperature to rise.
This is called the greenhouse effect. Temperature increases like this cause changes
in the weather patterns on Earth and lead to climate change.

Microwaves
Microwave radiation (MW) comes from microwave ovens, radar, transmission
towers, satellite transmissions, the sun and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
radiation. CMB is radiation left over from the Big Bang when the universe began. A
microwave oven works because microwaves excite the water molecules in food and
cause them to vibrate, generating heat and cooking the food. Atoms and molecules
can also emit and absorb MW radiation. Overexposure to MW radiation can cause
cataracts and skin burns.
There are three subcategories of MW radiation. Extremely high frequency
7
(EHF) waves are used in remote sensors and radio astronomy. Super high frequency
(SHF) waves are commonly used in microwave ovens, radar transmitters,
phones and satellite communications. Finally, the ultra-high frequency (UHF) is
used in television broadcasts, walkie-talkies and cordless phones. Microwaves are
sometimes grouped with radio waves because these two types of non-ionizing
radiation have some overlap on the electromagnetic spectrum.

Radio Frequencies
AM and FM radio broadcasts, Wi-Fi signals, cell phones, amateur radio,
television and airport security scanners use radio frequency (RF) waves. This type
of non-ionizing radiation is absorbed throughout the body. The effects of RF waves
on the body are similar to MW radiation in terms of heat generation. Exposure to
electromagnetic fields in this frequency range can warm up exposed tissues because
these absorb the radio wave and convert these into heat. The frequency level
determines the depth of penetration into the
body. For example, using a cell phone causes the ear and/or to get warm.

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 10
Warming up by this radiation is the most dangerous for the brain, eyes, genitals,
stomach, liver and kidneys. Like MW radiation, RF waves are divided into
categories: high frequency (HF), medium frequency (MF), low frequency (LF) and
very low frequency (VLF). There is no scientific proof that RF non-ionizing radiation
increases the risk of cancer or causes any harmful effects on the body.

Extremely Low Frequencies

Extremely low frequency (ELF) waves are on the far end of the electromagnetic
spectrum and come from power lines, electrical equipment and wiring, and electrical
appliances such as electric blankets, refrigerators, razors, and hair dryers. ELF
waves can go through water, so they are also used for detection by submarines.
According to the National Cancer Institute, there is no experimental evidence
showing that normal levels of ELF radiation are dangerous to humans.

Explore
Activity 2: Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation
Direction: Answer the following questions briefly. Use the attached rubrics as your
guide in answering.

1. What is non-ionizing radiation? How about ionizing radiation?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the types of non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation? Write them
down in the table below

Non-ionizing Radiation Ionizing Radiation

a. a.
b. b.
c. c.
d. d.
e. e.

3. What do you think are the possible effects of non-ionizing radiation to living
things and the environment?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 11
 Deepen

Activity 3: Risks of Non-ionizing Radiation

Direction: From the discussion of the different types of non-ionizing radiation, write
the effects by accomplishing the table below

Non-ionizing Radiations Health Effects

1. Extremely Low Frequency
2. Radio frequencies
3. microwave
4. Infrared
5. Visible spectrum
6. Ultraviolet
Activity 4: Effects of Ionizing Radiation!
Direction: From the discussion of the different types of ionizing radiation, write the
effects by accomplishing the table below Ionizing Radiations.

Ionizing Radiations Health Effects

1. X-rays
2. Gamma rays
3. Alpha radiation
4. Beta Radiations
5. Neutron radiations

LU_Q2_Science10_Module3 12
 Gauge

Activity 5: Electromagnetic radiation: A Risk or Benefit

Direction: Complete the table using the given pictures on the table.
Types of
Gadget/ Electro-
Pictures Benefit Risk
Device magnetic
Radiation

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 19
LU_Q2_Science10_Module3
 Lesson Possible Solutions to Reduce
2 EM Radiation Hazards
People are exposed to natural radiation sources as well as human-made
sources on a daily basis. Common sense and some basic information can greatly
reduce radiation exposure and risk for most people.
What can you do to reduce the exposures of EM radiations? Like for example,
children playing with electronic gadgets (mobile phones, laptops, electronic games)
are a common sight these days.
To understand further about the possible ways to reduce EM radiation
exposures, try to perform the next activity for you to acquire some basic information
to help you minimize your dose and risk.

Jumpstart

Activity 6: Electronic Gadgets and Devices

Objective: Name the gadget/device and cite some ways to avoid exposure to radiation
Material: Images
Procedures:
1. Look at the images below.
2. Analyze the image and write some possible ways to reduce EM
radiations in using gadgets and devices.

1 2 3

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 4
5

Gadgets/Devices Ways to Avoid Gadgets Exposure

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Discover

How to Protect Yourself from EM Radiation

1. If you work around radioactive materials, it is good to have a radiation
detector. Things change from day to day. Other workers can forget to replace
shielding around sources. X-ray machines can be inadvertently activated.
Things can get spilled. It is good to review your environment on a regular basis.
2. Counting on a Dosimeter can leave you Vulnerable. Dosimeters generally
tell you what dose you have received after the test. While this may be useful
for regulatory compliance and limiting your lifetime dose, it does not help you
keep your dose minimized on a day-to-day basis.
3. Use Time Distance and Shielding to Protect Yourself. Putting distance and
shielding between you and a radiation source is an immediately effective way
of reducing your exposure. Reducing the time you are being exposed is
another way.
4. Use a Respirator or Face Mask if you are exposed to airborne sources.
5. Properly Label Sources and keep them Shielded.
6. Be Aware of All Sources of Radiation Exposure. We are all exposed to
radiation every day from natural sources, outer space, the earth, radon gas in
our homes and businesses. We are also exposed inadvertently to sources that
can include people undergoing radioactive medical procedures.

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 7. Be Thoughtful and Informed about Medical X-rays. Medical imaging can
provide important and lifesaving diagnostic information. It is also sometimes
used unnecessarily. Sometimes the same diagnostic information can be
obtained by using techniques that reduce dose.

What are EMFS?

EMFs or electromagnetic frequencies are essentially electric and magnetic
fields that radiate energy. The sun gives out EMFs as do power lines. Many
appliances and systems that use electricity also emit EMFs. Low level EMF exposure
is not believed to be dangerous and common in microwaves, cell phones, X-rays,
MRIs, power lines and more. EMF exposure decreases as the distance between you
and the object emitting EMF increases.
Today as high as 87 percent of the world’s population uses electricity daily
and this number is expected to go up significantly in the near future, according to
the World Bank.

How Can EMF’s Impact Our Health?

Electrical devices produce frequencies that communicate with the electrons
and atoms within our cellular structures. This can cause disruptions in the body
chemistry.
Research conducted about EMF exposure has revealed that EMFs can reduce
the pineal glands production of melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone necessary for
sleep that also has the powerful ability to suppress cancer cells.
Sensitivity to EMF exposure can vary but symptoms include fatigue, poor
sleep and a lower ability to handle stress than previously. Long-term exposure can
result in foggy brain and has been linked to conditions ranging from chronic fatigue
to mitochondrial issues, poor neurological health, anxiety and ADHD.

You can reduce your exposure to RF and EMF from your mobile phone in three
simple ways:
1. Distance
The most effective way to reduce the exposure is to increase the distance
between your mobile phone and your head or body.
2. Time
If there are any harmful effects, then it’s likely that the longer the exposure to
RF EME the greater any risk may be.
3. Power
Usually a phone in an area with good reception will transmit at much lower
levels than in an area with poor reception like a lift or deep within a large
building.

WAYS TO REDUCE YOUR EMF EXPOSURE

1. Get rid of your microwave
It is easy to get rid of this typical kitchen device, and use more healthy ways
not only for your food's nutrition, but for your personal and family's health. Use a
convention oven or re-heat on the stove, or eat more raw and live foods so you don't
have to worry about this ;)

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2. Power down at night.
Connect your WI-FI to a switch so you can turn it off at night and when you
do not need it during the day. This helps to lower the exposure in your home
environment and get a better night's sleep.
3. Change your cell phone to airplane mode.
If you use your phone as an alarm clock it is best to turn off the wireless signal
so it is not being emitted all night long close to your brain. Also, when walking or
carrying your phone on you, if you do not need it, just put it on airplane mode.
4. Keep all wireless devices out of the kitchen and bedroom.
Best to keep all these devices out of where you eat and sleep as they are the
two most highly used spaces of the home and where you spend much of your time.
5. Do not carry your phone on your body.
6. Use a selfie-stick
7. Talk on your wireless device using speakerphone.
8. Eat these spices and take a magnesium supplement.
Research shows that spices are rich in phenolics that help to protect as well
as repair damage from EMF due to their protective capacity against peroxynitrites.
On the other hand, magnesium is a natural calcium blocker, it helps reduce the
effects of EMF on your VGCCs.
9. Earthing
Walk on the earth barefoot as much as you can to receive the benefits from
the Earth’s negative charge.

Explore

Activity 7: Check your understanding!

Direction: Answer the following questions briefly on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How to reduce EM radiations?

2. How will you protect yourself from electromagnetic radiation?
3. What are EMFs?
4. How can you reduce your exposure in laptop and cellphone?
5. What are some ways to reduce EMF radiation exposure of gadgets/devices in
your home and environment?

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 Deepen

Activity 8: Effects and Solutions!

Directions: Give the effects of the following EM Radiations and find its possible
solutions to reduce the risks. Write your answers on the table.

Types of EM Possible Effects Possible Solutions to Reduce

Radiations the Risks
1. Radio waves
2. Infrared
3. Ultraviolet
4. X-Ray
5. Gamma Ray
6. Microwave
7.Visible Light

Gauge

Direction: As a student, how will you help find solutions to reduce the effects of EM
radiation hazards. It’s time to present and express your ideas on your most creative
way by making a poster and slogan

Consider the following criteria to serve as your guide in completing your task.

CRITERIA PERCENT
Content 30 %
Achievement of Objective 25 %
Graphic-Relevance 20 %
Creativity 25 %
TOTAL 100%

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Post-Test
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your choice on a
separate sheet of paper
1. Which of the following statement best describes electromagnetic radiation?
A. EMR is classified as transverse waves
B. EMR travels long distances through obstacles
C. EMR consists of electric and magnetic fields of an EM wave
D. EMR refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field propagating through
space carrying electromagnetic radiant energy
2. Which of the following is the major source of infrared radiation?
A. Air B. Light C. Soil D. Sun
3. What type of electromagnetic radiation is used in satellite communication,
radar, television transmission and cooking?
A. Microwave B. Radio wave C. Visible Light D. X-ray
4. Radio waves are useful forms of EM waves, but they also have harmful
effects to the body. Some health experts say that too much exposure to high
frequency radio waves may _________________________________.
A. cause severe burns
B. damage body tissues
C. carry the highest amount of energy
D. cause cancer, leukemia, and other health problems
5. How do you stop cellphone radiation?
A. Sleep with your phone
B. Avoid using your phone when it has high signal
C. Carry and keep your smartphone near your body
D. Use hand free and text messages whenever possible
6. When does infrared radiation becomes a health hazard?
A. It can cause severe burns
B. It kills cells including cancerous cells
C. Exposure to high frequency may cause cancer
D. Exposure to intense electromagnetic radiation can damage the lens and
cornea of the eye
7. What is the most dangerous type of radiation?
A. Gamma rays C. Radio wave
B. Microwave D. X-rays
8. What is the effect of Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) in living cells?
A. Living cells repair broken tissues
B. Living cells unite to form a reaction
C. Living cells are broken and damaged
D. Living cells are the building blocks of matter
9. Why is absorption of UV rays in small doses by the human body very
important? It is because _______________________
A. it helps in the production of iron needed by the body
B. it helps in the absorption of sulfur needed by the body
C. it helps in the production and absorption of sodium that makes our
bones healthy and strong
D. UV rays play an important role in the production of vitamin D which
helps in the production and absorption of calcium that makes our bones
healthy and strong

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 10. Despite the benefits obtained from using x-ray radiation for medical
purposes, x-ray is still considered as a potential health hazard because of
its ______________________.
A. chemical property C. intensive property
B. physical property D. ionization property
11. Which of the following is a gamma ray emitter that is use to treat cancer
cells?
A. Carbon – 12 C. Radon - 12
B. Cobalt – 60 D. Thorium – 12
12. How can infrared radiation be detected if cannot be seen? It is detected
when it is ______________________.
A. transferred to one medium to another
B. transferred from radiant energy to heat energy
C. converted to other forms of energy such as heat
D. transferred from chemical energy to thermal energy
13. Why are high frequency electromagnetic waves like gamma rays harmful to
living things? It is because ________________________
A. they carry very high amount of energy that enable them to penetrate and
kill living cells.
B. they carry moderate amount of energy that enable them to penetrate and
kill living cells.
C. they carry low amount of energy that enable them to penetrate and kill
living cells.
D. they pass through soft tissues but are filtered by dense matter
14. What type of radiation is released by atoms that travels in the form of
electromagnetic waves on particles?
A. Infrared Radiation C. Non-ionizing Radiation
B. Ionizing Radiation D. Plasma Radiation
15. Which of the following type of ionizing radiation is the most dangerous?
A. Alpha Radiation C. Gamma Radiation
B. Beta Radiation D. Plasma Radiation

Great job! You are done with this

module.

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LU_Q2_Science10_Module3
 LU_Q2_Science10_Module3
27
GAUGE
Activity 3 Electromagnetic Radiation: A Risk or Benefit
Gadget/Device Type of Benefit Risk
Electromagnetic
Radiation
1. Radio 1. Radiowave frequency Answers Answers
2. Cellphone 2. Radiowave may vary may vary
3. Microwave 3. Microwave
4. Television 4. Radiowave
5. X-ray Film 5. X-ray
6. Prism 6. Visible Light
7. Radar 7. Radiowave
8. Laptop 8. Radiowave
9. Laser 9. Gamma Ray
10. Eyeglass 10. Ultraviolet
Explore - Activity 2: Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation
1. Non-Ionizing Radiation is a type of low-energy radiation that does not have enough energy to
remove an electron (negative particle) from an atom or molecule. On the other hand, Ionizing
radiation is a form of energy that acts by removing electrons from atoms and molecules of
materials that include air, water, and living tissue.
2.
Non-ionizing Radiation Ionizing Radiation
a. Ultraviolet a. Alpha
b. Visible light b. Beta
c. Infrared c. Neutron
d. Microwave d. X-ray
e. Radio wave e. Gamma
3. Answers may vary.
LESSON 1:
Jumpstart
Activity 1: Where Do I Belong
Ionizing Non-ionizing
DEEPEN
Alpha Microwave
Activity 4: Risks of Non-
Beta Infrared
ionization Radiation
Neutron Visible Light
Non-ionizing Health Effects
Gamma Ultraviolet
Answers may Answers may
Gamma Ray Radio Frequencies
vary vary
X-ray
Activity 5: Effects of Ionizing
Radiation
Ionizing Health Effects PRE TEST/POST TEST
Answers may Answers may 1. D 6. D 11. B
vary vary 2. D 7. A 12. C
3. B 8. C 13. A
4. D 9. D 14. B
5. B 10. D 15. A
Answer Key
 LU_Q2_Science10_Module3
28
EXPLORE:
Activity 7: Check Your Understanding
1. How to reduce EM radiations?
- Humans cannot see ionizing radiation
- All radiation isn’t the same
- Ionizing radiation comes in waves
- Gamma radiation and x-rays share similar
characteristics
- Ionizing radiation also comes in the form if DEEPEN
charged particles Activity 8: Effects and
Solutions!
- Waves and particles both matter.
Types of EM Effects Possible
- More about Alpha radiation Radiations Solutions
- More About Beta radiation to
- We should not forget neutrons Reduce
2. How will you protect yourself from the Risks
electronmagnetic radiation? 1. Radiowave Answers Answers
- If you work around radioactive materials it’s 2. Infrared may may vary
3. Ultraviolet vary
good to have a radiation detector
4. X-ray
- counting on a Dosimeter can leave you
5. Gamma
vulnerable Ray
- use time distance and shielding to protect 6. Microwave
yourself 7. Visible
- use a Respirator or Face mask Light
- Properly label sources and keep them shield
- Be aware of all sources of radiation exposure
- Be thoughtful and informed about Medical X- JUMPSTART
rays Activity 6: Electronic Gadgets
3. What are EMFs? and Devices
- EMFs or electromagnetic frequencies are Gadget/Device Ways to
essentially electric and magnetic fields that Avoid
radiate energy. Gadget
1. Cellphone Answers may
2. Computer vary
4. How can you reduce your exposure in laptop
Set
and cellphone?
3. Television
-Answers may vary
4. Microoven
5. What are some ways to reduce EMF
5. X-ray
radiation exposure of gadgets/devices in your Machine
home and environment?
LESSON 2
References
A. Books
Science 10 1st Edition 2015. Department of Education
Vengco, Lilia G., Navaza, Delia C. et.al. (2015). You and the Natural World. Science
the New Grade 10 K to 12 Curriculum. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Physical Science. Glencoe MacGraw Hill Company. Texas Edition

B. Online Resources

Websites:
https://biologydictionary.net/non-ionizing-radiation
https://www.mirion.com/learning-center/radiation-safety-basics/types-of-
ionizing-radiation
https://www.cityhousecountryhome.com/how-to-reduce-exposure-to-emfs-in-
your-home/
https://breannegibson.com/blog/2017/9/20/9-simple-ways-to-reduce-emf-
exposure
https://www.cdc.gov.nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html

Images:
Figure 1. The emission of an alpha particle from the nucleus of an atom. Source:
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html
Figure 2. Beta radiation: The emission of a beta particle from the nucleus of an atom
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html
Figure 3. Gamma radiation: The emission of an high-energy wave from the nucleus
of an atom. Source:
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html
Figure 4. X-Rays: The emission of a high energy wave from the electron cloud of an
atom. Source:
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html
Figure 5. Neutron radiation: The emission of a neutron from the nucleus of an atom .
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nonionizing_radiation.html

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LU_Q2_Science10_Module3
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
[email protected]
[email protected]

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