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Unit 3

TP unit 3

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27 views45 pages

Unit 3

TP unit 3

Uploaded by

gokul282003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 4

Shell mass
Boundary conditions, Concentration profiles, Average concentration,
balances,

Diffusion with Diffusion and chemical


Mass flux at surfaces
homogeneous and Diffusion in to a falling reaction in porous
for Diffusion through
heterogeneous chemical liquid film, catalyst and the
stagnant gas film,
reaction, effectiveness factor,

Equation of change to
set up diffusion
Equation of continuity
problems for
for binary mixtures,
simultaneous heat and
mass transfer
Equation for the rate of mass transfer in respect of
‘diffusion through a stagnant film’
Equation for the rate of mass transfer in respect of
‘diffusion through a stagnant film’
+ Consider the diffusion system shown in Fig. Liquid A is evaporating into gas B,
and we imagine that by some means the liquid level at z=z1, is maintained
constant. Right at the Liq-gas interface the gas phase concentration of A,
expressed as mole fraction is xA1. This is taken to be the gas phase
concentration of A corresponding to equilibrium with the liquid at the interface:
i. e., xA1 is the vapour pressure of A divided by the total pressure, [PA(vap) /P],
provided that A and B form an ideal gas mixture. It is to be further assumed
that the solubility of B in A is negligible. At the top of the tube (at z = z2) a
stream of gas mixture A-B of concentration XA2 flows past slowly; thereby the
mole fraction of A at the top of the column is maintained at xA2. The entire
system is presumed to be held at constant temperature and pressure. Gases
A and B are assumed to be ideal.
+ When this evaporating system attains steady state, there is a net motion of A
away from the evaporating surface and the vapour B is stationary. Hence we
can use the expression for NAz as given in the general molar flux equation with
NBz =0 :
+ NAz = -c DAB( xA / z) + xA(NAz + NBz)
+ Becomes NAz = - c DAB (1 – xA) ( xA / z) ----[1]
A mass balance over an incremental column height z states that at steady state:

+ S NAz|z - S NAz|z+ z = 0 ----- [2]


+ In which S is the cross sectional area of the column. Division by S z and
taking limit as z  0 gives
+ (dN Az / dz) = 0 ------ [3]
Substitution of Eqn[1] into Eqn[3] gives:
(d/dz) {[c DAB /(1- xA)](xA / z)} = 0 ---- [4]
+ For ideal gas mixtures at constant temperature and pressure, c is a constant
and DAB is very nearly independent of concentration. Hence Eqn. [4]
becomes:
+ (d/dz) {[1/(1- xA)](xA / z)} = 0 ---- [5]
+ This is a second order differential equation for the concentration profile
expressed as mole fraction of A. Integration with respect to z gives:
+ {[1/(1- xA)](xA / z)} =C1 ---- [6]
A second integration then gives:
- ln(1- xA) = C1 z + C2 ---- [7]
The two constants of integration may be determined using the boundary
conditions:
B.C.1: at z = z1, xA = xA1 ---- [8] ;
B.C.2: at z = z2, xA = xA2 ---- [9]
+ On substituting the expressions for the integration constants the following
expression for the concentration profile is obtained:
+
+ Concentration Profile
+ Z=z1, Z=0,
+ Z=z2, Z=1,
Flux
Diffusion with homogeneous Chemical Reaction
Diffusion with heterogeneous reaction
Average Concentration
+ Flux
Diffusion in to Falling Liquid Film
Diffusion and chemical reaction inside a porous
spherical catalyst particle
Flux
Equation of continuity for binary mixtures

+ Constant ρ𝐷𝐴𝐵

+ Constant C𝐷𝐴𝐵
+ With zero velocity

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