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NCERT History Important Dates People

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Important Dates, Events, and People for Class 9 History

Chapter 1: The French Revolution

Important Dates:
 5th May 1789: Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates-General to propose new taxes.
 20th June 1789: Tennis Court Oath by the Third Estate, vowing to draft a new
constitution.
 14th July 1789: Storming of the Bastille.
 4th August 1789: The National Assembly abolished feudal privileges.
 26th August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was adopted.
 1791: The National Assembly completed the drafting of the Constitution.
 21st September 1792: France was declared a Republic, and the monarchy was
abolished.
 21st January 1793: Execution of King Louis XVI.
 16th October 1793: Execution of Queen Marie Antoinette.
 1793-1794: The Reign of Terror led by Robespierre.
 1795: The Directory came to power.
 9th November 1799: Napoleon Bonaparte’s coup d’état and rise to power.

Important People:
 King Louis XVI: The king of France during the Revolution.
 Marie Antoinette: The queen of France, criticized for her extravagant lifestyle.
 Maximilien Robespierre: Leader of the Jacobins and the Reign of Terror.
 Jean-Paul Marat: Radical journalist and politician.
 Georges Danton: A leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution.
 Napoleon Bonaparte: Military general who rose to power and became Emperor of
France.

Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Important Dates:
 1898: The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was formed.
 22nd January 1905: Bloody Sunday, a massacre of peaceful protesters in St. Petersburg.
 October 1905: The Tsar agreed to create a parliament, known as the Duma.
 March 1917: The February Revolution, leading to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.
 6th November 1917: The October Revolution, where the Bolsheviks seized power.
 March 1918: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, ending Russia’s involvement in
WWI.
 1924: Death of Lenin.
 1929: Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union.
Important People:
 Karl Marx: German philosopher, co-author of 'The Communist Manifesto'.
 Vladimir Lenin: Leader of the Bolsheviks and head of the Soviet state.
 Leon Trotsky: Key figure in the Bolshevik Revolution and the Russian Civil War.
 Joseph Stalin: Lenin's successor, established a totalitarian regime in the Soviet Union.
 Tsar Nicholas II: The last Emperor of Russia.
 Alexander Kerensky: Leader of the Provisional Government after the February
Revolution.

Enlightenment Philosophers and Their Ideas


 Montesquieu: Book: *The Spirit of the Laws*. Ideas: Separation of powers into executive,
legislative, and judiciary.. Date: 1748.
 John Locke: Book: *Two Treatises of Government*. Ideas: Natural rights of life, liberty,
and property; Social contract theory.. Date: 1690.
 Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Book: *The Social Contract*. Ideas: General will and popular
sovereignty.. Date: 1762.
 Voltaire: Ideas: Freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and separation of church and
state..

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