RELATIVE CLAUSES

* Mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính từ) dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước. Mệnh đề
quan hệ được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose

1. WHO:
+ làm chủ từ (S) trong mệnh đề quan hệ
+ thay thế cho danh từ / đại từ chỉ người
Example:
Mary is a girl. She is wearing a red hat.
 Mary is the girl who is wearing a red hat.

2. WHICH :
+ làm chủ từ (S) hoặc túc từ (O) trong MĐQH
+ thay thế cho danh từ / đại từ chỉ vật
Example:
a. The bike is very nice. I bought it last week.
 The bike which I bought last week is very nice.
b. The book is mine. The book is on the table.
 The book which is on the table is mine.

3. WHOM :
+ làm túc từ (O) trong MĐQH
+ thay thế cho danh từ/đại từ chỉ người
Example:
Do you know the woman? I saw the woman on TV last night.
 Do you know the woman whom I saw on TV last night.

* CÁC BƯỚC NỐI CÂU SỬ DỤNG ĐTQH:

- Mỗi câu chọn 1 từ (gạch dười cho dễ làm). 2 từ này phải cùng chỉ 1 người hoặc 1 vật. Lưu ý,
từ trong câu thứ nhất phải là danh từ, từ trong câu thứ 2 có thể là danh từ hoặc đại từ nhân xưng
(They-them / He-him / She-her). Khi dùng ĐTQH thì bỏ từ được chọn trong câu thứ 2 (xem lại
các ví dụ cho kỹ)
- Nếu danh từ trong câu thứ nhất đứng đầu câu, đặt ĐTQH liền sau danh từ đó, viết tiếp câu thứ
2, xong viết tiếp phần còn lại của câu thứ nhất.
- Nếu danh từ trong câu thứ nhất đứng cuối thì viết xong câu thứ nhất, đặt ĐTQH liền sau danh
từ, xong viết tiếp câu thứ 2 (bỏ từ đã chọn).
- Nếu câu thứ nhất có 2 danh từ thì chọn danh từ nói chung (ví dụ: My sister is the girl. Câu này
có 2 danh từ, ta chọn từ "the girl")

4. THAT:
+ thay thế cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH
+ bắt buộc dùng THAT khi trước đó có 1 số từ: a few, a little, the only, the first, the last,
cụm từ vừa có người lẫn vật (the man and the animals), so sánh nhất …
5. WHOSE:
+ chỉ sở hữu, dùng cho cả người lẫn vật.
+ thay thế cho: - sở hữu tính từ (my, your, our, their, his, her, its)
- sở hữu cách (N's)
- cấy trúc: of + N
+ sau WHOSE luôn luôn là danh từ (N)
 RELATIVE PRONOUNS (đại từ quan hệ)
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I. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using WHO
1. The player is a friend of mine. The player scored the first goal for Song Lam Nghe An.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Do you know the boy? He gave us this ticket.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The girl is my close friend. She is talking to the teacher.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Do you know the people? They live in the white house.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The waiter was friendly. He served us dinner.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Do you know the dentist? He pulled Mai’s tooth yesterday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The girl is happy. She won the first prize in the English speaking contest.
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8. Do you know the man? The man lives next door to me.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mary is the girl. She is wearing the most fashionable dress.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The mechanic is my uncle. He is repairing my bike.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

II. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using WHOM

1. Is this the man? You’re waiting for him.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Who was the woman? We met her here last night.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The children were playing football. I saw them in the park.
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4. The man was kind. I talked to him yesterday.
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5. I must thank the people. I got the presents from them.
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6. The cook is preparing lunch for everyone. They want to see her.
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7. The friends went to Canada. I worked with them last year.
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8. The boy is my cousin. I went fishing with him yesterday.
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9. The man is a famous doctor. We met him yesterday.
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10. The students are all in this class. She knows the students.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

III. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using WHICH

1. The picture is beautiful. Tom is looking at it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The book was good. I read it carefully.
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3. The film is very interesting. We want to see it.
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4. The house is on the corner. It is painted white and blue.
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5. The neon signs are fascinating. They light up Ho Chi Minh City.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The book is mine. The book is on the table.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Tom got into the car. The car was parked behind the house.
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8. I lived in a small village. It is situated on a bank of a river.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The fences are made of wood. They surround our house.
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10. I was born in Da Nang. Da Nang is famous for its beautiful beach.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

IV. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using WHOSE

1. The pupils study hard. Their parents pay much attention to their school work.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The author is an American. You are reading his book.
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3. Do you know the woman? Her daughter has won the contest.
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4. I like the house. Its walls were made of glass.
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5. The worker participated in the march. The son of him painted the banner.
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6. I read about the child. His life was saved by his dog.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The building is a museum. You see the top of the building.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The girl is my sister. You took the girl’s picture.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Do you know the woman? My friend, Ba is going to marry her daughter.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. We know the man. Nam borrowed the man’s pen.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

RELATIVE ADVERBS (trạng từ quan hệ)

******
1. WHEN :
+ đứng sau danht ừ chỉ thời gian (time, the day, the month…)
+ thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ thời gian (at that time, on that day, in that month, then…)
2. WHERE :
+ đứng sau danht từ chỉ nơi chốn (place, the city, the room…)
+ thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ thời gian (in that place, in that city, in that country,
there…)

I. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using WHEN or WHERE

1. July is the month. The weather is usually hot in that month.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “Dinh” is a popular place. All kinds of activities take place at that place.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation in that city.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. 7:50 is the time. My plane arrives at that time.
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5. Da Nang is a city. I was born and grew up there.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. India is a country. The earthquake occurred in this country last month.
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7. There was a time. Movies cost a dime then.
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8. The school library is a place. You can find that book there.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Spring is the most beautiful season. Flowers are in full bloom in this season.
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10. The days were the saddest ones. I lived far from home on those days.
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11. The building is very old. He lives in that building.
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12. 1960 is the year. The revolution took place in that year.
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13. Everybody cries on the day. They were born on that day.
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14. He remembers the time. His daughter first learned how to walk at that time.
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15. The school is smaller than mine. You work there.
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16. The room is very nice. I’m living in that room.
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17. I’ll never forget the day. We first met each other on that day.
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18. You can enjoy hiking in the winter. Snow covers everything in the winter.
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19. The lake is not far from here. He caught the fish in this lake.
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20. The house was built twenty years ago. We are living in the house.
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II. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using relative pronouns / adverbs
1. The man was Mr. John. I saw him at the cinema last night.
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2. The office is on the 22nd floor. I work in that office.
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3. The people were very nice. We visited them two days ago.
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4. Do you know the boy? He borrowed that book.
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5. You should meet the man. I’ll send this letter to him.
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6. They invited us to the house. They bought it last month.
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7. Do you know the name of the hotel? John is staying in that hotel.
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8. We haven’t decided the day. We’ll go to London on that day.
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9. The dress is new. She is wearing it.
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10. Alice is my friend. Alice’s mother died last year.
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11. My sister wants to speak to you. You met my sister yesterday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. The woman is a nurse. We saw the woman’s daughter last week.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Shakespeare was born in a small cottage. Shakespeare is the world’s great dramatist.
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14. The man is a doctor. My parents bought the man’s house.
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15. The girl is Miss Van. She is carrying the red umbrella.
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16. A café is a small restaurant. People can get a light meal there.
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17. Do you know the boy? He sat next to me at the dinner party.
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18. The girl is my sweetheart. I understand her best.
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19. Lam Truong is a famous singer. I like his songs best.
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20. I don’t know the girl. You went with her yesterday.
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21. April Fool’s Day is the day. People play tricks on friends on that day.
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22. They are repainting the house. They bought it in June.
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23. My sister is trying to get a job. Her children are at school all day.
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24. Do you know the woman? We are sharing the flat with her son.
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25. I’ll show you the stadium. It was built two years ago.
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26. The English writer is Charles Dickens. I like to read his novels.
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27. Where are the students? The teacher is correcting their exercises.
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28. The street is very wide. It leads to my school.
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29. They ask about the athletes. We are looking at the pictures of the athletes.
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30. Swimming makes people strong. Swimming is a good sport.
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31. The car is very modern. Mr. Lam is driving the car.
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32. The girl is the secretary. You saw the girl at the desk.
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33. William is my uncle. I went fishing with William last Sunday.
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34. The girl is very beautiful. Her dress is red.
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35. The field is very fertile. They plant potatoes in the field.
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III. Fill in each blank with one correct relative pronoun / adverb.
1. The boys ………………… are playing in the garden are my cousins.
2. The boy …………………. father is in prison is my friend.
3. The lady ………………… you met the party is a famous scientist.
4. No one knows the city ………………… he was born except his father.
5. Monday is the day ……………… we will come to school.
6. The flowers ……………….. my friend gave me have died.
7. Is he the doctor ……………….. we saw on TV last night ?
8. The teacher with ……………… I studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
9. The car ……………… John used was very expensive.
10. English is the language ……………… is spoken all over the world.
11. Budapet, …………….. is on the Danube, is a beautiful city.
12. We don’t know the country ……………. the football game was first played.
13. The dress …………………………….. has the beautiful picture on belongs to my sister.
14. We have an aprtment …………………………….. oevrlooks the park.
15. He saw the man …………………………….. closed the door.
16. Is he the doctor …………………………….. we saw on TV last night ?
17. The student …………………………….. sits next to me me is from England.
16. The taxi driver …………………………….. took me to the aiport is friendly.
18. The student …………………………….. Mr. John introduced to me is very smart.
19. The lady …………………………….. you met the party is a famous scientist.