CHAKS SOLUTIONS

Pure Mathematics Exercise 1

Marking guide
6042

BY CHAKUAMBA FORTUNE T (CHAKS) +263771580933

Answer all questions [45 marks]

2 6
1) Find the term which is independent of 𝑥 in the expansion of (𝑥 + 𝑥) [3]
Suggested answer
𝑛
The general term is given by 𝑇𝑟+1 = ( ) 𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏𝑟 for (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑛 , 𝑛 positive integer
𝑟

𝑛 2
𝑇𝑟+1 = ( ) 𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏𝑟 = 𝑥 0 𝑛=6 , 𝑎=𝑥 , 𝑏=
𝑟 𝑥
𝑟
6 6−𝑟 2
⇒ ( )𝑥 ( ) = 𝑥0
𝑟 𝑥

𝑥 6−𝑟 (2𝑥 −1 )𝑟 = 𝑥 0 Applying laws of indices on base 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 6−𝑟 × 𝑥 −1 = 𝑥 0

6 − 𝑟 + (−𝑟) = 0
−2𝑟 = −6
𝑟=3
3
6 6−3 2
∴ 𝑇3+1 = ( ) 𝑥 ( )
3 𝑥
3
6 6−3 2 3
8
𝑇4 = ( ) 𝑥 ( ) = 20𝑥 ( 3 ) = 160
3 𝑥 𝑥

2) The polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) is denoted by 𝑥 4 + 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4 has factors

𝑥 + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 1
i) Find the values of 𝑎 𝑛𝑑 𝑏 [4]

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 Suggested answer
If 𝑥 + 𝑎 is factor of a 𝑓(𝑥 ) , then 𝑓 (−𝑎) = 0
𝑥 + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 1 are factors
∴ 𝑃(−2) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(1) = 0

𝑃(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4

(−2)4 + 𝑎(−2)3 + 𝑏(−2)2 − 2(−2) − 4 = 0 … . 𝑖

(1)4 + 𝑎(1)3 + 𝑏(1)2 − 2(1) − 4 = 0 … . 𝑖

16 − 8𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 4 − 4 = 0 … . 𝑖

1 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2 − 4 = 0…𝑖

4𝑏 − 8𝑎 = −16
𝑎+𝑏 =5

4𝑏 − 8(5 − 𝑏) = −16
4𝑏 − 40 + 8𝑏 = −16
12𝑏 = 24
𝑏=2

𝑎+2=5
𝑎=3
∴ 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4

ii) Hence solve 𝑃(𝑥) = 0 [5]

𝑥 + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 1 are factors
(𝑥 + 2)( 𝑥 − 1) is a quadratic factor
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2 is a quadratic factor

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4
− (𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 )
2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
−(2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥)
2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4
2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4
− − −

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𝑃(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2)( 𝑥 − 1)
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) = 0
−2 ± √22 − 4(1)(2) −2 ± √−4 −2 ± 2𝑖
𝑥= = =
2(1) 2 2

𝑥 = −1 + 𝑖 𝑜𝑟 − 1 − 𝑖

∴ 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 0

𝑥 = −2 , 1 , − 1 + 𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 1 − 𝑖

3) The function 𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 ; 𝑥 ∈ ℝ , 𝑥 > 𝑘 is injective

i) Find the smallest possible value of 𝑘 for this to be true [2]

Suggested answer
Injective function is a one to one function

−𝑏
𝑥=
2𝑎
−(−4)
𝑥= =2
2(1)

𝑘=2

∴ 𝑥 > 2 for the function to one to one function

ii) For this value of 𝑘 , find the inverse of 𝑔(𝑥) [4]

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 ;
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + (−2)2 − (−2)2 + 3
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 − 4 + 3
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 − 1

Interchanging of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦

⇒ 𝑥 = (𝑦 − 2)2 − 1
𝑥 + 1 = (𝑦 − 2)2
√𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦 − 2

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 √𝑥 + 1 + 2 = 𝑦
∴ 𝑔−1 (𝑥 ) = 2 + √𝑥 + 1

iii) Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑔−1 (𝑥 ) on the same axes [3]
Suggested answer

3
𝑦 = 𝑔−1 (𝑥 )
2−

2 3

𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)

Note: The function and its inverse , geometrically is a reflection in the line 𝑦 = 𝑥

1 3𝑥+2
4) Solve (2) = 25 ; giving your answer correct to three significant figures [3]

Suggested answer
1 3𝑥+2
( ) = 25
2
1 3𝑥+2
𝐼𝑛 ( ) = 𝐼𝑛25
2

1
(3𝑥 + 2)𝐼𝑛 ( ) = 𝐼𝑛25
2
𝐼𝑛25
(3𝑥 + 2) =
1
𝐼𝑛 (2)

𝐼𝑛25
3𝑥 = −2
1
𝐼𝑛 (2)

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 1 𝐼𝑛25
𝑥= ( − 2)
3 𝐼𝑛 (1)
2

𝑥 = −2.21 ( 3 𝑠. 𝑓)

5) The function 𝑓 is defined as

2−𝑥
𝑓: 𝑥 → ,𝑥 ≠ 𝒂
𝑥+1
i) State the value of 𝒂 [1]
Suggested answer

𝑥+1≠0
𝑥 ≠ −1
𝒂 𝑖𝑠 1

𝑏
ii) Express 𝑓(𝑥) in the form 𝑎 + 𝑥+1 where 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 are constants [2]
Suggested answer

2−𝑥 𝑏
=𝑎+
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
2 − 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏
=
𝑥+1 𝑥+1

2 − 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏
⇒ 𝑎 = −1
⇒ 𝑎+𝑏 =2 ⇒𝑏=3

2−𝑥 3
∴ = −1 +
𝑥+1 𝑥+1

Accept any method

iii) Hence sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) clearly showing asymptotes and axes intercepts [3]
Suggested answer
Asymptotes Axes intercept
𝑦 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = −1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 0 , 𝑥 = 2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑦 = 2

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 2
−1 2
−1

6)

A D C

𝜋
In the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 , 𝐴𝐵 = 6 and angle 𝐵𝐴̂𝐶 = , 𝐵𝐷 is the arc of circle at centre 𝐴 , and
3
𝐵𝐶 is the tangent to circle. Find the area of the shaded region [5]
Suggested answer

A C
𝜋
𝐵𝐴̂𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 = 6
3
Finding 𝐴𝐶
𝜋 6 6
⇒ cos = ⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = = 12
3 𝐴𝐶 0.5

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 Area of the shaded region = Area of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 − Area of sector 𝐴𝐵𝐷

1 1
= 2 (𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 2 𝑟 2 𝜃

𝜋
𝑟=6 𝜃=
3

1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= (6 × 12)𝑠𝑖𝑛 − (6)2
2 3 2 3

= 18√3 − 6𝜋

7) Given that −2 + 5𝑖 is a root of the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 = 0.

Find the value of 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 [3]
Suggested answer

−2 + 5𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 − 5𝑖 are roots [conjugate pairs]

𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑥 2 − (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠)𝑥 + (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠) = 0

𝑥 2 − (−2 + 5𝑖 − 2 − 5𝑖 )𝑥 + (−2 + 5𝑖)(−2 − 5𝑖 ) = 0

𝑥 2 − (−4 )𝑥 + 29 = 0

𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 29 = 0

𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 = 0 by comparing to the equation above

∴ 𝑝 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 = 29

Accept any method

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 8) The equation the plane 𝜋 is given by 5𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1 and the line 𝑙 is given by
2 1
𝑟 = (3) + 𝜆 ( 2 )
4 −1

i) Show that the points 𝐴(0 ; 3 ; 2) lies on the plane 𝜋 [2]

Suggested answer

5𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1

Substituting the points into plane

5(0) + 3 − 2 = 1
1=1 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆 therefore, points lie on the plane

ii) Find the coordinates of point of intersection between 𝜋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙 [4]

Suggested answer

2 1
5𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1 𝑟 = (3) + 𝜆 ( 2 )
4 −1

5 2+ 𝜆
⇒ 𝑟⦁ ( 1 ) = 1 𝑟 = ( 3 + 2𝜆)
−1 4−𝜆

Substituting the line into the plane

2+ 𝜆 5
⇒ ( 3 + 2𝜆) ⦁ ( 1 ) = 1
4−𝜆 −1

⇒ 10 + 3 − 4 + 5𝜆 + 2𝜆 + 𝜆 = 1
5𝜆 + 2𝜆 + 𝜆 = 1 − 9
8𝜆 = −8

𝜆 = −1
Point of intersection

2 + −1 1
𝑟 = ( 3 + 2(−1)) = (1)
4 − (−1) 5
The coordinates of intersection (1 ; 1 ; 5)

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