Getting Started to Research

Speaking 2

Oral Presentation
An oral presentation is a short talk on a set topic given to a tutorial or seminar group. In an oral
presentation one (or more) students give a talk to a tutorial group and present views on a topic based on
their readings or research. The rest of the group then joins in a discussion of the topic. Preparing oral
presentation should be based on 3M: Matter, Manner and Method. What are they?

The content of your speech. It includes the topic, explanation, stance,

Matter argument, example, and more.
The way you present your speech. It includes the tone, volume, eye
Manner contact, body language, pronunciation, fluency, and language.
The way you present your speech. There are many styles to have a
structured speech based on the intention, but the common structure to
Method use includes: Introduction, Body content, and conclusion. It may also
use CMI or Context, Mechanism, Impact structure. Other than that, it
can also use AREL or Argument, Reason, Example, and Link.

Structure of an Oral Presentation

1. Introduction

What to do How to do

An introduction is like a roadmap that Start your talk by greeting the audience
tells your audience the direction your and introducing yourself.
presentation will take, so:
Start your purpose, for example:
• State your topic and tell the
audience what your presentation • I am going to talk about…
will cover • Today I would like to discuss…
• Outline the main points Provide any necessary background or
A good introduction will capture an definition of term
audience’s attention
2. Body Content
What to do How to do

The body of your presentation is where Use verbal ‘signposts’ to guide

you develop the main points and present audience through the presentation
examples and evidence. highlight key points and indicate the
different section of your presentation,
The information in the body needs to be such as:
well-structured. Decide on an organizing
principle. It could be by chronological • Another point is…
order, theme or order of importance. • A contrary view to consider is…
• In short…
Make sure you provide clear links
between main points, explanations and Move from one point to the next by
examples. using phrases, such as:
Use visual aids to engage the interest of • Firstly, …
your audience and ‘show’ instead of just
• Secondly, …
‘tell’
• Finally, …
Emphasize important information. Tell
Introduce supporting evidence, such
your audience when information is
as:
particularly important or interesting. Tell
them why • For example …

3. Conclusion
What to do How to do

The conclusion is usually a summary of Work out how you will finish your talk.
the main points made in the body of the You can signal your conclusion with:
talk.
• In conclusion…
• Restate the main points • In short…
• Re-answer the questions
Restate the purpose of your talk, and
Do not introduce any new information in say that you have achieved your aims
the conclusion. Take the opportunity to by saying:
show that you have covered all the points
you made in your introduction • I think it is now clear that …

Thank the audience, and invite

questions

• Thank you for the attention …

 Useful Expressions for Oral Presentation
Opening or Introduction
• Before I begin, I would like to thank you for inviting me to speak ….
Introduction
• On behalf of … may I welcome you to…
• I am here today to talk about …
• I have divided my talk into three parts.
Purpose and • First, I am going to look at… then, I will show you… and finally, I will say a
Structure little about…
• I’ll be happy to answer your questions at the QA session after the
presentation.
Main or Body Content
• Let’s start with the first point…
First Point • First of all, I would like to talk…
• In the first points, there are three things I would like to talk…
• Moving on now to the next point …
• Let’s turn now to …
New Point
• Second thing to talk about …
• The next thing I would like to discuss/focus on is …
Digressing • Before going on, I would like to say a little bit about …
• As you can see from the image in this slide/next slide …
Visual Aids
• Have a look at the diagram on the left …
• What do you think of…?
Asking for a
• Could I ask for your reaction to this problem?
reaction
• I wonder if anyone would like to comment on this matter?
Closing
• Before I finish, let me summarize the main points again …
• To sum up, I have talked about three main areas. Firstly, …, secondly, … and
Summarizing
the last one is …
• I hope that I have been able to give you some insight/understanding into
• It has been a pleasure presenting to you today.
• Thank you very much for your attention.
• I appreciate your time and attention today.
End the
• I look forward to discussing this further with you.
presentation
• I hope I have been able to convey my message clearly.
• Thank you for the opportunity to present today.
• I hope that this presentation has been informative/useful/helpful to you.
• If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them.
• I look forward to any feedback/comments you may have.
Inviting • Now that I've presented my ideas, I'd be happy to answer any questions you
Questions may have.
• If anyone has any inquiries or would like to discuss any of the points I've
made, don't hesitate to ask any questions you may have.
Useful Expressions for Q&A Session
Practice! Opening or Introduction
• Before I begin, I would like to remind audiences, there will be two sessions.
• Each session consists of two questions…
Rules
• Mention your name first before delivering your questions, comments, or
suggestion.
Main Q&A Sessions
• Could you please clarify...?
• Would you mind elaborating on...?
Asking politely
• Can you give me more information about...?
• I'm sorry, I didn't quite catch what you said about...
• I firmly believe that… • In my opinion…
Giving Opinion • It’s quite clear that… • It seems to me that…
• Personally, I think that … • I think that…
• I think we are in agreement on that… • You're absolutely right.
Agreeing
• I’m of exactly in the same opinion. • I see your point.
• I'm not sure I agree with you on that.
• I'm afraid I have to disagree with you.
Disagreeing • I see it differently.
• I understand what you're saying, but…
• I see your point, but I have to respectfully disagree.
Asking for more • Could you give me an example of…? • What do you mean by…?
information • Can you explain how…? • Could you expand on…?
• So, if I understand you correctly, you're saying…
• Let me see if I have this right…
Clarifying
• Just to clarify, are you saying…?
• I'm not quite sure I understand your question. Could you please rephrase it?
Confirming • If I'm understanding correctly, you're saying…
understanding • So, just to make sure I'm on the same page, you're suggesting…
Acknowledging • I'm afraid I don't have an answer to that at the moment, but I can look into
limitations it and get back to you.
Closing
• In summary, you said that...
Summarizing • So, what I'm hearing is...
• To recap, we discussed...
• Thank you for your question/comment.
• I appreciate your input.
Closing • Does anyone else have any questions/comments?
• That's all the time we have for questions.
• If there are no more questions, I'll end the session here.
 Your project plan presentation must provide several aspects and details.
No Aspects for Description
Discussion
1. Introduction - Talking about a brief overview of facts or reasons why should
people discuss the issues you are presenting
2. Project Objectives - Providing background information, problems and objectives you
are going to discuss and the trends on the issues
3. Project Planning & - Addressing the planning & schedules of the projects the group
Schedules has decided to take on the issue you are presenting
4. Conclusion - Summarizing the main points of your presentation and the
significance of the issues you are presenting.
- Giving personal thoughts or opinions on the issue you are
presenting.

However, the product of your project should be in a video with the following details:
No Aspects for Description
Discussion
1. Introduction - Talking about a brief overview of facts on the issues and the
reasons why people should discuss the issues you are presenting
2. Project Objectives - Providing background information, issues and objectives you are
going to discuss and the trends on the issues
3. Project Plan - Addressing the process of getting the results of the projects,
such as: street interviews
4. Project Result - Explaining the results of the project that you have done.

5. Conclusion and - Summarizing the main points of your presentation and the
Suggestions/Comments significance of the issues you are presenting.
- Giving personal thoughts or opinions on the issue you are
presenting.