Unit 10: Techniques of Integration

Lesson 10.3
Integration by Parts
Contents
Introduction 1

Learning Objectives 2

Warm Up 2

Learn about It! 3

Integration by Parts 3
ILATE Rule 5

Key Points 21

Check Your Understanding 21

Challenge Yourself 22

Bibliography 23

Key to Try It! 23

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
Lesson 10.3

Integration by Parts

Introduction
As early as grade school, we have been dealing with inverses in Mathematics. For instance,
subtraction is the inverse operations of addition. As we grew up discovering higher concepts,
we learned about inverse functions, such as exponential and logarithmic functions.

In Calculus, integration is the inverse process of differentiation. There are many integration
formulas, as well as techniques that are rooted in differentiation. In this lesson, we will
explore another technique of integration that is considered as the inverse process of the
product rule of differentiation, which is the integration by parts.

10.3. Integration by Parts 1

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration

Learning Objectives DepEd Competency

In this lesson, you should be able to do the

This lesson serves as an enrichment for
following:
the following DepEd competency:
● Illustrate integration by parts. • Compute the antiderivative of a
● Compute the antiderivative of a function function using substitution rule

using integration by parts. and table of integrals (including

those whose antiderivatives
involve logarithmic and inverse
trigonometric functions)
(STEM_BC11I-IVb-c-1).

Warm Up
Why Not? 10 minutes
In this activity, you will be able to determine why some integrals cannot be solved by algebraic
substitution.

Materials
● pen
● paper

Procedure
1. Try to evaluate the following integrals using algebraic substitution.
a. ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
b. ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. Take note of the item or items that you were not able to integrate by algebraic
substitution and answer the guide questions.

10.3. Integration by Parts 2

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
Guide Questions
1. Were you able to solve the given integrals using algebraic substitution? If not, what is
the integral that you were not able to solve?
2. Observe the integrand of the given integrals. What do you notice?
3. Based on the integrand, how would you describe the integrals that can be solved
using algebraic substitution and those that cannot be solved using algebraic
substitution?

Learn about It!

In the Warm Up activity, we were able to see that the integral of the product of two functions
cannot always be solved using algebraic substitution. We can use another technique to
integrate them, which we call integration by parts. This method is derived from the product
rule of differentiation.

What is the product rule of differentiation?

Integration by Parts
Recall from Lesson 5.2 that the derivative of the product of two functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 is given by
the following formula:

𝒅
(𝒇𝒈) = 𝒇𝒈′ + 𝒈𝒇′
𝒅𝒙

Let us integrate both sides of the formula.

𝑑
(𝑓𝑔) = 𝑓𝑔′ + 𝑔𝑓 ′
𝑑𝑥

10.3. Integration by Parts 3

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
𝑑
∫ (𝑓𝑔) = ∫(𝑓𝑔′ + 𝑔𝑓 ′ )
𝑑𝑥

𝑓𝑔 = ∫ 𝑓𝑔′ + ∫ 𝑔𝑓′

Solving for ∫ 𝑓𝑔′, we have:

∫ 𝑓𝑔′ = 𝑓𝑔 − ∫ 𝑔𝑓′

This gives the formula for integration by parts. We can rewrite this in terms of 𝑢 and 𝑣, where
𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑣 = 𝑔(𝑥). Hence, 𝑔′ = 𝑑𝑣 and 𝑓 ′ = 𝑑𝑢. By substitution, we have the following
formula.

∫ 𝒖 𝒅𝒗 = 𝒖𝒗 − ∫ 𝒗 𝒅𝒖

To perform integration by parts, we follow these general steps:

1. Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.
2. Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢. Solving ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 may require us to
perform integration by parts.

How do you determine what functions to

substitute in 𝒖 and 𝒅𝒗?

Example:
Solve ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 using integration by parts.

Step 1: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

10.3. Integration by Parts 4

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
𝑢=𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= − cos 𝑥

Hence, we have 𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑣 = − cos 𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Step 2: Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ∙ − cos 𝑥 − ∫ − cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= −𝑥 cos 𝑥 + ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= −𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + 𝐶

Thus, ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪.

ILATE Rule
The main challenge in using integration by parts is identifying the correct function to
substitute to 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣. Generally, we follow the ILATE Rule in determining 𝑢. The word ILATE
is a mnemonic, which stands for the functions that should be given priority in determining
what to substitute as 𝑢.

I - Inverse Trigonometric Functions arcsin 𝑥 , arccot 𝑥

L - Logarithmic Functions ln 𝑥 , log 2 𝑥
A - Algebraic Functions 𝑥 2 , √𝑥
T - Trigonometric Functions csc 𝑥 , sec 𝑥
E - Exponential Functions 𝑒 𝑥 , 3𝑥

10.3. Integration by Parts 5

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
The ILATE Rule works most of the time, but there are some integrals where the ILATE Rule
does not work.

Let’s Practice!

Example 1
Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 cos(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥.

Solution
Step 1: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = cos(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥.

𝑢=𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = cos(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ cos(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥

= sin(𝑥 + 5)

Hence, we have 𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑣 = sin(𝑥 + 5), 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = cos(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥.

Step 2: Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

∫ 𝑥 cos(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ∙ sin(𝑥 + 5) − ∫ sin(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑥 sin(𝑥 + 5) − [− cos(𝑥 + 5)] + 𝐶

= 𝑥 sin(𝑥 + 5) + cos(𝑥 + 5) + 𝐶

Thus, ∫ 𝑥 cos(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 + 𝟓) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 + 𝟓) + 𝑪.

10.3. Integration by Parts 6

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration

1 Try It!
Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 sin(4𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥.

Example 2
Evaluate ∫ ln 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Solution
Step 1: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.

Let 𝑢 = ln 2𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥.

𝑢 = ln 2𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

=𝑥

1
Hence, we have 𝑢 = ln 2𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥.

Step 2: Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

1
∫ ln 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 2𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

= 𝑥 ln 2𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑥 ln 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶

10.3. Integration by Parts 7

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
Thus, ∫ ln 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝑪.

2 Try It!
Evaluate ∫ ln 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥.

Example 3
Evaluate ∫(𝑥 − 1)𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Solution
Step 1: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 1 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

𝑢=𝑥−1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑒𝑥

Hence, we have 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 1, 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Step 2: Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

∫(𝑥 − 1)𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 − 1) ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶

10.3. Integration by Parts 8

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
Thus, ∫(𝑥 − 1)𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙𝒆𝒙 − 𝟐𝒆𝒙 + 𝑪.

3 Try It!
Evaluate ∫(5𝑥 − 2)𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Example 4
Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Solution
Step 1: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

𝑢 = 𝑥2
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
= 𝑒 2𝑥
2

1
Hence, we have 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑣 = 2 𝑒 2𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Step 2: Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

1 1
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑒 2𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 ∙ 𝟐𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 𝟐
1
= 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2

10.3. Integration by Parts 9

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
Solve for ∫ 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 by performing integration by parts.

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

𝑢=𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
= 𝑒 2𝑥
2

1
Hence, we have 𝑢 = 𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
2

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

1 1
∫ 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 2𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
1 1
= 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
1 1 1
= 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 − ( 𝑒 2𝑥 )
2 2 2
1 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
= 𝑥𝑒 − 𝑒
2 4

𝟏 𝟏 1
Substitute ∫ 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝟐 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 𝒆𝟐𝒙 into 2 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

1
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 − ∫ 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
2
1 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 − ( 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒙 − 𝒆𝟐𝒙 ) + 𝐶
2 𝟐 𝟒
1 1 1
= 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 − 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2 4

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Thus, ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒙 − 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒

10.3. Integration by Parts 10

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration

4 Try It!
Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 7𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Tips
Another way of solving ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 is by using a tabular method. We
differentiate 𝑢 continuously until it becomes zero, and we integrate
𝑑𝑣 the same number of times we differentiated 𝑢. Then, we multiply
in diagonals such that the signs alternate, starting with a positive first
term.

𝒖 𝒅𝒗 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧
𝑥2 𝑒 2𝑥 +
1 2𝑥
2𝑥 𝑒 −
2
1 2𝑥
2 𝑒 +
4
1 2𝑥
0 𝑒 −
8

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙𝟐 ∙ 𝒆𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 ∙ 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 ∙ 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝐶
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒙 − 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒

Example 5
ln 𝑥
Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥.
𝑥3

Solution
Step 1: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.

1
Let 𝑢 = ln 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥.

10.3. Integration by Parts 11

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
𝑢 = ln 𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

1
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3
1
𝑣 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

= ∫ 𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑥

1
= − 𝑥 −2
2
1
=− 2
2𝑥

1 1 1
Hence, we have 𝑢 = ln 𝑥, 𝑣 = − , 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥.
2𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥3

Step 2: Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

ln 𝑥 1 1 1
∫ 3
𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 ∙ − 2 − ∫ − 2 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥
ln 𝑥 1 1
= − 2 + ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2 𝑥
ln 𝑥 1 1
= − 2 + ∙− 2 +𝐶
2𝑥 2 2𝑥
ln 𝑥 1
= − 2 − 2 +𝐶
2𝑥 4𝑥

ln 𝑥 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝟏
Thus, ∫ 𝑥3
𝑑𝑥 = − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪.

5 Try It!
ln 𝑥
Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥.
𝑥5

10.3. Integration by Parts 12

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
Example 6
Evaluate ∫ arcsin 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Solution
Step 1: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.

Let 𝑢 = arcsin 5𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥.

𝑢 = arcsin 5𝑥
5
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 25𝑥 2

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

=𝑥

5
Hence, we have 𝑢 = arcsin 5𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = √1−25𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥.

Step 2: Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

5
∫ arcsin 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = arcsin 5𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 25𝑥 2
𝑥
= 𝑥 arcsin 5𝑥 − 5 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 25𝑥 2

𝑥
Solve for ∫ √1−25𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 using algebraic substitution.

𝑑𝑧
Let 𝑧 = 1 − 25𝑥 2 . It follows that 𝑑𝑧 = −50𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → − = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
50

10.3. Integration by Parts 13

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
𝑥 1 𝑑𝑧
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∙−
√1 − 25𝑥 2 √𝑧 50
1 𝑑𝑧
=− ∫
50 √𝑧
1 1
=− ∫ 𝑧 −2 𝑑𝑧
50
1
= − ∙ 2√𝑧
50
1
= − √𝑧
25
1
= − √1 − 25𝑥 2
25

𝑥 𝟏 𝑥
Substitute ∫ √1−25𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝟐𝟓 √𝟏 − 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 into 𝑥 arcsin 5𝑥 − 5 ∫ √1−25𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥.

𝒙
∫ arcsin 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 arcsin 5𝑥 − 5 ∫ 𝒅𝒙
√𝟏 − 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐
𝟏
= 𝑥 arcsin 5𝑥 − 5 (− √𝟏 − 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 )
𝟐𝟓
1
= 𝑥 arcsin 5𝑥 + √1 − 25𝑥 2 + 𝐶
5

𝟏
Thus, ∫ arcsin 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟓 √𝟏 − 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪.

6 Try It!
Evaluate ∫ arctan 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

10.3. Integration by Parts 14

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
Example 7
Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 arctan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Solution
Step 1: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.

Let 𝑢 = arctan 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

𝑢 = arctan 𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 +1

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
= 𝑥2
2

1 1
Hence, we have 𝑢 = arctan 𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
2 𝑥 2 +1

Step 2: Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

1 1 1
∫ 𝑥 arctan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = arctan 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 2 − ∫ 𝑥 2 ∙ 2 𝑑𝑥
2 2 𝑥 +1
1 1 𝑥2
= 𝑥 2 arctan 𝑥 − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
2 2 𝑥 +1

𝑥2
Let us solve for ∫ 𝑥 2+1 𝑑𝑥. We split the integrand to obtain integrable functions.

𝑥2 𝑥2 + 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥2 + 1 𝑥2 + 1

10.3. Integration by Parts 15

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 +1
= 𝑥 − arctan 𝑥

𝑥2 1 1 𝑥2
Substitute ∫ 𝑥 2+1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙 − 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 into 2 𝑥 2 arctan 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥 2+1 𝑑𝑥.

1 1 𝒙𝟐
∫ 𝑥 arctan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 arctan 𝑥 − ∫ 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
2 2 𝒙 +𝟏
1 1
= 𝑥 2 arctan 𝑥 − (𝒙 − 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙) + 𝐶
2 2
1 2 1 1
= 𝑥 arctan 𝑥 + arctan 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2 2

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Thus, ∫ 𝑥 arctan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝒙𝟐 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝑪.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

7 Try It!
Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 arcsec 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Example 8
Evaluate ∫ cos ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Solution
Step 1: Apply algebraic substitution.

Let 𝑧 = ln 𝑥. It follows that 𝑒 𝑧 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥. Thus, 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑥.

∫ cos ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑧 ∙ 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

= ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

10.3. Integration by Parts 16

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
Step 2: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣 and then solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣 in ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧.

Let 𝑢 = cos 𝑧 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧.

𝑢 = cos 𝑧
𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

= 𝑒𝑧

Hence, we have 𝑢 = cos 𝑧, 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑧 , 𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧, and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧.

Step 3: Substitute the solved values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = cos 𝑧 ∙ 𝑒 𝑧 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 ∙ − sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

= 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

Solve for ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 by performing integration by parts.

Let 𝑢 = sin 𝑧 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧.

𝑢 = sin 𝑧
𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

= 𝑒𝑧

10.3. Integration by Parts 17

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

∫ 𝑒 𝑧 sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = sin 𝑧 ∙ 𝑒 𝑧 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 ∙ cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

= 𝑒 𝑧 sin 𝑧 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

Substitute ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝒆𝒛 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒛 − ∫ 𝒆𝒛 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒛 𝒅𝒛 into

∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 and solve for ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧.

∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 + ∫ 𝒆𝒛 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒛 𝒅𝒛

∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 + 𝒆𝒛 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒛 − ∫ 𝒆𝒛 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒛 𝒅𝒛

∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 + 𝑒 𝑧 sin 𝑧

2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 + 𝑒 𝑧 sin 𝑧

𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 + 𝑒 𝑧 sin 𝑧
∫ 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = +𝐶
2

Substitute 𝑧 = ln 𝑥 and 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑥 into the obtained answer.

𝑒 ln 𝑥 cos ln 𝑥 + 𝑒 ln 𝑥 sin ln 𝑥
∫ cos ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
2
𝑥 cos ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 sin ln 𝑥
= +𝐶
2

𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧 𝒙+𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧 𝒙

Thus, ∫ cos ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝟐
+ 𝑪.

8 Try It!
Evaluate ∫ sin ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

10.3. Integration by Parts 18

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
Example 9
Evaluate ∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Solution
Step 1: Identify 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, and solve for 𝑑𝑢 and 𝑣.

Let 𝑢 = sin 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

𝑢 = sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3𝑥
=
ln 3

3𝑥
Hence, we have 𝑢 = sin 𝑥, 𝑣 = , 𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥, and 𝑑𝑣 = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
ln 3

Step 2: Substitute the values into ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

3𝑥 3𝑥
∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 ∙ −∫ ∙ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ln 3 ln 3
3𝑥 sin 𝑥 3𝑥 cos 𝑥
= −∫ 𝑑𝑥
ln 3 ln 3
3𝑥 sin 𝑥 1
= − ∫ 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ln 3 ln 3

Solve for ∫ 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 by performing integration by parts.

Let 𝑢 = cos 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

10.3. Integration by Parts 19

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
𝑢 = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑣 = ∫ 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3𝑥
=
ln 3

3𝑥 3𝑥
∫ 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 ∙ −∫ ∙ − sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ln 3 ln 3
3𝑥 cos 𝑥 1
= + ∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ln 3 ln 3

𝟑𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝟏
Substitute ∫ 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐥𝐧 𝟑
+ 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 ∫ 𝟑𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 into
3𝑥 sin 𝑥 1
∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln 3
− ln 3 ∫ 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and solve for ∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

3𝑥 sin 𝑥 1
∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝟑𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
ln 3 ln 3
3𝑥 sin 𝑥 1 𝟑𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝟏
∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ( + ∫ 𝟑𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 )
ln 3 ln 3 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝟑
𝑥
3𝑥 sin 𝑥 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 1
∫ 3 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − − ∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ln 3 ln2 3 ln2 3
1 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 3𝑥 cos 𝑥
∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −
ln 3 ln 3 ln2 3
𝑥 𝑥
1 3 sin 𝑥 3 cos 𝑥
(1 + 2 ) ∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −
ln 3 ln 3 ln2 3
ln2 3 + 1 𝑥
3𝑥 sin 𝑥 3𝑥 cos 𝑥
( ) ∫ 3 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −
ln2 3 ln 3 ln2 3
ln 3 ⋅ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 ln2 3
∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∙
ln2 3 ln2 3 + 1
𝑥(
3 ln 3 ⋅ sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 )
∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
ln2 3 + 1

𝟑𝒙 (𝐥𝐧 𝟑⋅𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)

Thus, ∫ 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑪.
𝐥𝐧𝟐 𝟑+𝟏

10.3. Integration by Parts 20

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration

9 Try It!
Evaluate ∫ 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

Key Points
___________________________________________________________________________________________

● Integration by parts is a technique that can be used to integrate functions that are
expressed as a product of two or more functions. It is derived from the product rule
of differentiation.
● To integrate by parts, we use the formula ∫ 𝒖 𝒅𝒗 = 𝒖𝒗 − ∫ 𝒗 𝒅𝒖.
● The ILATE Rule is a rule that can be used to identify 𝑢 when performing integration
by parts. The letters in the word ILATE stand for the types of functions in order of
priority for choosing 𝑢.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

Check Your Understanding

A. Given 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣, determine the expression 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢.

1. 𝑢 = 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 1 and 𝑑𝑣 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 3 and 𝑑𝑣 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4. 𝑢 = ln 2𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = (𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥
5. 𝑢 = ln 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = √𝑥𝑑𝑥

B. Evaluate the following integrals.

1. ∫ 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. ∫ 𝑥 2 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. ∫ ln 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

10.3. Integration by Parts 21

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration
4. ∫ ln(𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
5. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 3 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
6. ∫ 𝑥𝑒12𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
7. ∫ 𝑥 (4𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
8. ∫(𝑥 − 3) csc 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
9. ∫ arcsec 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
10. ∫ arccot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
ln 𝑥
11. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4

12. ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
13. ∫ 𝑥 arcsin 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
14. ∫ cos ln 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
15. ∫ 5𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Challenge Yourself

Answer the following questions.

1. Integrate the function ∫ 𝑥 4 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

2. There are instances where the ILATE Rule does not apply right away in a given integral.
3
Explain why the ILATE Rule cannot be applied right away in ∫ 𝑥 5 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
3. Two students were asked to evaluate ∫ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥. The first student answered
1 1
− 4 cos 2𝑥 + 𝐶, while the second student answered 2 sin2 𝑥 + 𝐶. Who among them is

correct? Why do you think so?

4. Can we use the tabular method to integrate ∫ 𝑥 3 cos 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥? Why do you think so?
5. Can we use the tabular method to integrate ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥? Why do you think so?

10.3. Integration by Parts 22

Unit 10: Techniques of Integration

Bibliography
Edwards, C.H., and David E. Penney. Calculus: Early Transcendentals. 7th ed. Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008.

Larson, Ron H., and Bruce H. Edwards. Essential Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008.

Leithold, Louis. The Calculus 7. New York: HarperCollins College Publ., 1997.

Smith, Robert T., and Roland B. Milton. Calculus. New York: McGraw Hill, 2012.

Tan, Soo T. Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences: A Brief Approach.
Australia: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2012.

Key to Try It!

1 1
1. − 4 𝑥 cos(4𝑥 − 1) + 16 sin(4𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶

2. 2𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 𝐶
5 11
3. 3
𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 − 9
𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐶
1 2 2
4. 7
𝑥 2 𝑒 7𝑥 − 49 𝑥𝑒 7𝑥 + 343 𝑒 7𝑥 + 𝐶
ln 𝑥 1
5. − 4𝑥 4 − 16𝑥 4 + 𝐶
1
6. 𝑥 arctan 2𝑥 − 4 ln(4𝑥 2 + 1) + 𝐶
1 1
7. 𝑥 2 arcsec 2𝑥 − √4𝑥 2 − 1 + 𝐶
2 8
𝑥 sin ln 𝑥−𝑥 cos ln 𝑥
8. 2
+𝐶
2𝑥 (sin 𝑥+ln(2) cos 𝑥)
9. +𝐶
ln2 2+1

10.3. Integration by Parts 23