bnsider Spini

a
system

Pos tulate 2 :

a
physical obcervable is represenled marhemntically by an
opernor
A

thaf arts om state kets A: 1 ψ 0

Operaor

—, 台 上
,
_
0 =
d % ,
f( a ) = 3x
^
- 2x +
1

台 =□ , f( x) = 3 xifz

公f ( x )
d+
=
lf ( + )= 6
x -

2= f( ^
)0 = (
f i
6 )= Y + 322
年 3楼

算符 將 个函數映射 另 函數
:

an
operator is a mathematical objert that acts on akefandtransforns

it into a new ket .

A 1 ψ>= 11 )

gonstate
IoperaonA
of the

A147 : a 1 ψ,
leigenvalhe eq ).

bperiad Kets not

hangedbythe operation of
the operator

)
it doesn t '
change any
measurable about the sfate ,

themaltiplicative onstant a are lknownas thecigenvalue ofA

t 7 eiyenstatesof
eall Eip I H
eigonvaies .
wich 7 and ave
Sz
,

and - ☆
i
respeclively
父
一
至
一