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RECTANGULAR PRECAST EXAMPLE

RC PRECAST BEAM DESIGN

In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating Corrigenda January 2008 and the UK national annex
Tedds calculation version 3.3.04

Design summary
Overall design utilisation 0.931
Overall design status PASS
Section 1
Description Unit Provided Required Utilisation Result
Top reinforcement mm2 402 0 0.000 PASS
Bottom reinforcement mm2 942 443 0.470 PASS
Shear reinforcement mm2/m 503 284 0.565 PASS
Total shear reinf. mm2/m 503 284 0.565 PASS
Torsion and shear interaction 0.223 PASS
Min. reinforcement interaction 0.916
Section 2
Description Unit Provided Required Utilisation Result
Top reinforcement mm2 628 466 (crk) 0.741 PASS
Bottom reinforcement mm2 942 0 0.000 PASS
Shear reinforcement mm2/m 503 284 0.565 PASS
Total shear reinf. mm2/m 503 468 0.931 PASS
Torsion and shear interaction 0.528 PASS
Min. reinforcement interaction 2.666 WARNING
Additional longitudinal reinforcement required 805 mm2
Lifting check
Description Unit Provided Required Utilisation Result
Moment neg (3.9 kNm) mm2 628 274 0.436 PASS
Moment pos (11.6 kNm) mm2 942 274 0.291 PASS
Shear (15.5 kN) mm2/m 503 284 0.565 PASS
Concrete details - Table 3.1. Strength and deformation characteristics for concrete
Concrete strength class C35/45
Aggregate type Quartzite
Aggregate adjustment factor - cl.3.1.3(2) AAF = 1.0
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength fck = 35 N/mm2
Mean value of compressive cylinder strength fcm = fck + 8 N/mm2 = 43 N/mm2
Mean value of axial tensile strength fctm = 0.3 N/mm2  (fck/ 1 N/mm2)2/3 = 3.2 N/mm2
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 22 kN/mm2(fcm / 10 N/mm2)0.3  AAF = 34077 N/mm2
Ultimate strain - Table 3.1 cu2 = 0.0035
Shortening strain - Table 3.1 cu3 = 0.0035
Effective compression zone height factor  = 0.80
Effective strength factor  = 1.00
Coefficient k1 k1 = 0.40
Coefficient k2 k2 = 1.0  (0.6 + 0.0014 / cu2) = 1.00
Coefficient k3 k3 = 0.40
Coefficient k4 k4 = 1.0  (0.6 + 0.0014 / cu2) = 1.00
Partial factor for concrete -Table 2.1N C = 1.50
Compressive strength coefficient - cl.3.1.6(1) cc = 0.85
Design compressive concrete strength - exp.3.15 fcd = cc  fck / C = 19.8 N/mm2
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Compressive strength coefficient - cl.3.1.6(1) ccw = 1.00

Design compressive concrete strength - exp.3.15 fcwd = ccw  fck / C = 23.3 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size hagg = 20 mm
Density of reinforced concrete  = 2500 kg/m3
Monolithic simple support moment factor 1 = 0.25
Mean value of axial strength of conc. - cl.3.1.6(2) fctm = 0.3 N/mm2  (fck/ 1 N/mm2)2/3 = 3.21 N/mm2
Characteristic axial strength of conc. (5% factile) fctk,0,05 = 0.7  fctm = 2.25 N/mm2
Tensile strength coefficient - exp.3.16 ct = 1.00
Design axial strength of concrete fct,d = ct  fctk,0,05 / C = 1.50 N/mm2

Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement fyk = 500 N/mm2
Partial factor for reinforcing steel - Table 2.1N S = 1.15
Design yield strength of reinforcement fyd = fyk / S = 435 N/mm2

Nominal cover to reinforcement

Nominal cover to top reinforcement cnom_t = 35 mm
Nominal cover to bottom reinforcement cnom_b = 35 mm
Nominal cover to side reinforcement cnom_s = 35 mm
Fire resistance
Standard fire resistance period R = 60 min
Number of sides exposed to fire 3
Minimum width of beam - EN1992-1-2 Table 5.5 bmin = 120 mm

Rectangular section details

Section width b = 300 mm
Section depth h = 600 mm
PASS - Minimum dimensions for fire resistance met
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Section 1

Positive moment - section 6.1

Design bending moment M = Mpos_s1 = 100.0 kNm
Effective depth of tension reinforcement d = 547 mm
Redistribution ratio  = min(pos_s1, 1) = 1.000
K = M / (b  d2  fck) = 0.032
K' = (2    cc / C)  (1 -   ( - k1) / (2  k2))  (  ( - k1) / (2  k2))
= 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm z = min(0.5  d  [1 + (1 - 2  K / (  cc / C))0.5], 0.95  d) = 520 mm
Depth of neutral axis x = 2  (d - z) /  = 68 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required As,req = M / (fyd  z) = 443 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided 3  20
Area of tension reinforcement provided As,prov = 942 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement - exp.9.1N As,min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk, 0.0013)  b  d = 274 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement - cl.9.2.1.1(3) As,max = 0.04  b  h = 7200 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Crack control - Section 7.3
Maximum crack width wk = 0.30 mm
Design value modulus of elasticity reinf – 3.2.7(4) Es = 200000 N/mm2
Mean value of concrete tensile strength fct,eff = fctm = 3.2 N/mm2
Stress distribution coefficient kc = 0.4
Non-uniform self-equilibrating stress coefficient k = min(max(1 + (300 mm - min(h, b))  0.35 / 500 mm, 0.65), 1) = 1.00
Actual tension bar spacing sbar = (b - (2  (cnom_s + s1_v) + s1_b_L1  Ns1_b_L1)) / (Ns1_b_L1 - 1) +
s1_b_L1 = 97 mm
Maximum stress permitted - Table 7.3N s = 322 N/mm2
Steel to concrete modulus of elast. ratio cr = Es / Ecm = 5.87
Distance of the Elastic NA from bottom of beam y = (b  h2 / 2 + As,prov  (cr - 1)  (h - d)) / (b  h + As,prov  (cr - 1)) =
294 mm
Area of concrete in the tensile zone Act = b  y = 88158 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement required - exp.7.1 Asc,min = kc  k  fct,eff  Act / s = 351 mm2
PASS - Area of tension reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required for crack control
Quasi-permanent moment MQP = Mpos_QP_s1 = 65.0kNm
Permanent load ratio RPL = MQP / M = 0.65
Service stress in reinforcement sr = fyd  As,req / As,prov  RPL = 133 N/mm2
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Maximum bar spacing - Tables 7.3N sbar,max = 300 mm

PASS - Maximum bar spacing exceeds actual bar spacing for crack control
Minimum bar spacing (Section 8.2)
Top bar spacing stop = (b - (2  (cnom_s + s1_v) + s1_t_L1  Ns1_t_L1)) / (Ns1_t_L1 - 1) = 182.0
mm
Minimum allowable top bar spacing stop,min = max(s1_t_L1  ks1, hagg + ks2, 20mm) = 25.0 mm
PASS - Actual bar spacing exceeds minimum allowable
Bottom bar spacing sbot = (b - (2  (cnom_s + s1_v) + s1_b_L1  Ns1_b_L1)) / (Ns1_b_L1 - 1) = 77.0
mm
Minimum allowable bottom bar spacing sbot,min = max(s1_b_L1  ks1, hagg + ks2, 20mm) = 25.0 mm
PASS - Actual bar spacing exceeds minimum allowable

Section in shear (section 6.2)

Angle of comp. shear strut for maximum shear max = 45 deg
Strength reduction factor - cl.6.2.3(3) v1 = 0.6  (1 - fck / 250 N/mm2) = 0.516
Compression chord coefficient - cl.6.2.3(3) cw = 1.00
Minimum area of shear reinforcement - exp.9.5N Asv,min = 0.08 N/mm2  b  (fck / 1 N/mm2)0.5 / fyk = 284 mm2/m
Design shear force at support VEd,max = VEd,max_s1 = 50 kN
Min lever arm in shear zone z = 520 mm
Maximum design shear resistance - exp.6.9 VRd,max = cw  b  z  v1  fcwd / (cot(max) + tan(max)) = 938 kN
PASS - Design shear force at support is less than maximum design shear resistance
Design shear force VEd = 50 kN
Design shear stress vEd = VEd / (b  z) = 0.321 N/mm2
Angle of concrete compression strut - cl.6.2.3  = min(max(0.5  Asin(min(2  vEd / (cw  fcwd  v1),1)), 21.8 deg),
45deg) = 21.8 deg
Area of shear reinforcement required - exp.6.8 Asv,des = vEd  b / (fyd  cot()) = 89 mm2/m
Area of shear reinforcement required Asv,req = max(Asv,min, Asv,des) = 284 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided 2  8 legs @ 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing - exp.9.6N svl,max = 0.75  d = 410 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Torsional resistance - Section 6.3
Maximum design torsional moment TEd,max = 10.0 kNm
Min eff. depth to outer layer long. reinf. d = 547 mm
Min area of longitudinal reinforcement Asl = 942 mm2
Effective thickness of walls - cl.6.3.2(1) tef,i = (b  h) / (2  (b + h)) = 100 mm
Area enclosed by centre lines of walls - cl.6.3.2(1) Ak = (b - tef,i)  (h - tef,i) = 100000 mm2
Perimeter - cl.6.3.2(3) Uk = 2  ((b - tef,i) + (h - tef,i)) = 1400 mm
Strength reduction factor v1 = 0.6  (1 - fck / 250 N/mm2) = 0.516
Design shear stress vt,Ed = VEd,max / (b  d) = 0.305 N/mm2
Torsional shear stress in wall - exp.6.26 t,Ed = TEd,max / (2  Ak  tef,i) = 0.500 N/mm2
Concrete strut angle t = min(45deg, max(0.5  Asin(min(2  (vt,Ed / 0.9 + t,Ed) / (cw  fcwd 
v1), 1)), 21.8deg)) = 21.8 deg
Max design value of torsional resist. mnt - exp 6.30 TRd,max = 2  v1  cw  fcd  Ak  tef,i  sin(t)  cos(t) = 70.6 kNm
Max design shear force - exp.6.9 VRdt,max = cw  b  0.9  d  v1  fcwd / (cot(t) + tan(t)) = 613.1 kN
Interaction formulae - exp.6.29 TEd,max / TRd,max + VEd,max / VRdt,max = 0.223
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PASS - concrete section is adequate

Torsional and shear resistance of the concrete alone
Max torsional resist mnt no shear reinf. - cl.6.3.2(5) TRd,c = 2  Ak  fct,d  tef,i = 30.0 kNm
Shear resistance constant - cl.6.2.2 CRd,c = 0.18 / C = 0.120
Reinforcement ratio - cl.6.2.2 l = min(Asl / (b  d), 0.02) = 0.006
Effective depth factor - cl.6.2.2 kv = min(1 + (200mm / d), 2) = 1.605
Minimum shear stress vmin = 0.035 N/mm2  kv3/2  (fck / 1N/mm2)0.5 = 0.4 N/mm2
Design value for shear resistance - exp.6.2.a VRd,c = max(CRd,c  kv  1N/mm2(100  l  fck/1N/mm2)1/3  b  d, vmin
 b  d) = 85.9 kN
Interaction formulae - exp.6.31 TEd,max / TRd,c + VEd,max / VRd,c = 0.916
No additional reinforcement required
Total shear for torsion (2 legs) AswT,req = Nv,T  Asw,req = 0 mm2/m

Total shear reinforcement

Total shear reinforcement required Asv,total = Asv,req_s1 = 284 mm2/m
PASS - Shear reinforcement provided exceeds total shear reinforcement required

Section 2

Negative moment - section 6.1

Design bending moment M = Mneg_s2 = 20.0 kNm
Effective depth of tension reinforcement d = 547 mm
Redistribution ratio  = min(neg_s2, 1) = 1.000
K = M / (b  d2  fck) = 0.006
K' = (2    cc / C)  (1 -   ( - k1) / (2  k2))  (  ( - k1) / (2  k2))
= 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm z = min(0.5  d  [1 + (1 - 2  K / (  cc / C))0.5], 0.95  d) = 520 mm
Depth of neutral axis x = 2  (d - z) /  = 68 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required As,req = M / (fyd  z) = 89 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided 2  20
Area of tension reinforcement provided As,prov = 628 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement - exp.9.1N As,min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk, 0.0013)  b  d = 274 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement - cl.9.2.1.1(3) As,max = 0.04  b  h = 7200 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Crack control - Section 7.3
Maximum crack width wk = 0.30 mm
Design value modulus of elasticity reinf – 3.2.7(4) Es = 200000 N/mm2
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Mean value of concrete tensile strength fct,eff = fctm = 3.2 N/mm2

Stress distribution coefficient kc = 0.4
Non-uniform self-equilibrating stress coefficient k = min(max(1 + (300 mm - min(h, b))  0.35 / 500 mm, 0.65), 1) = 1.00
Actual tension bar spacing sbar = (b - (2  (cnom_s + s2_v) + s2_t_L1  Ns2_t_L1)) / (Ns2_t_L1 - 1) +
s2_t_L1 = 194 mm
Maximum stress permitted - Table 7.3N s = 245 N/mm2
Steel to concrete modulus of elast. ratio cr = Es / Ecm = 5.87
Distance of the Elastic NA from bottom of beam y = (b  h2 / 2 + As,prov  (cr - 1)  (h - d)) / (b  h + As,prov  (cr - 1)) =
296 mm
Area of concrete in the tensile zone Act = b  y = 88762 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement required - exp.7.1 Asc,min = kc  k  fct,eff  Act / s = 466 mm2
PASS - Area of tension reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required for crack control
Quasi-permanent moment MQP = Mneg_QP_s2 = 0.0kNm
Permanent load ratio RPL = MQP / M = 0.00
Service stress in reinforcement sr = fyd  As,req / As,prov  RPL = 0 N/mm2
Maximum bar spacing - Tables 7.3N sbar,max = 300 mm
PASS - Maximum bar spacing exceeds actual bar spacing for crack control
Minimum bar spacing (Section 8.2)
Top bar spacing stop = (b - (2  (cnom_s + s2_v) + s2_t_L1  Ns2_t_L1)) / (Ns2_t_L1 - 1) = 174.0
mm
Minimum allowable top bar spacing stop,min = max(s2_t_L1  ks1, hagg + ks2, 20mm) = 25.0 mm
PASS - Actual bar spacing exceeds minimum allowable
Bottom bar spacing sbot = (b - (2  (cnom_s + s2_v) + s2_b_L1  Ns2_b_L1)) / (Ns2_b_L1 - 1) = 77.0
mm
Minimum allowable bottom bar spacing sbot,min = max(s2_b_L1  ks1, hagg + ks2, 20mm) = 25.0 mm
PASS - Actual bar spacing exceeds minimum allowable

Section in shear (section 6.2)

Angle of comp. shear strut for maximum shear max = 45 deg
Strength reduction factor - cl.6.2.3(3) v1 = 0.6  (1 - fck / 250 N/mm2) = 0.516
Compression chord coefficient - cl.6.2.3(3) cw = 1.00
Minimum area of shear reinforcement - exp.9.5N Asv,min = 0.08 N/mm2  b  (fck / 1 N/mm2)0.5 / fyk = 284 mm2/m
Design shear force at support VEd,max = VEd,max_s2 = 150 kN
Min lever arm in shear zone z = 520 mm
Maximum design shear resistance - exp.6.9 VRd,max = cw  b  z  v1  fcwd / (cot(max) + tan(max)) = 938 kN
PASS - Design shear force at support is less than maximum design shear resistance
Design shear force VEd = 125 kN
Design shear stress vEd = VEd / (b  z) = 0.802 N/mm2
Angle of concrete compression strut - cl.6.2.3  = min(max(0.5  Asin(min(2  vEd / (cw  fcwd  v1),1)), 21.8 deg),
45deg) = 21.8 deg
Area of shear reinforcement required - exp.6.8 Asv,des = vEd  b / (fyd  cot()) = 221 mm2/m
Area of shear reinforcement required Asv,req = max(Asv,min, Asv,des) = 284 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided 2  8 legs @ 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing - exp.9.6N svl,max = 0.75  d = 410 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
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Torsional resistance - Section 6.3

Maximum design torsional moment TEd,max = 20.0 kNm
Min eff. depth to outer layer long. reinf. d = 547 mm
Min area of longitudinal reinforcement Asl = 628 mm2
Effective thickness of walls - cl.6.3.2(1) tef,i = (b  h) / (2  (b + h)) = 100 mm
Area enclosed by centre lines of walls - cl.6.3.2(1) Ak = (b - tef,i)  (h - tef,i) = 100000 mm2
Perimeter - cl.6.3.2(3) Uk = 2  ((b - tef,i) + (h - tef,i)) = 1400 mm
Strength reduction factor v1 = 0.6  (1 - fck / 250 N/mm2) = 0.516
Design shear stress vt,Ed = VEd,max / (b  d) = 0.914 N/mm2
Torsional shear stress in wall - exp.6.26 t,Ed = TEd,max / (2  Ak  tef,i) = 1.000 N/mm2
Concrete strut angle t = min(45deg, max(0.5  Asin(min(2  (vt,Ed / 0.9 + t,Ed) / (cw  fcwd 
v1), 1)), 21.8deg)) = 21.8 deg
Max design value of torsional resist. mnt - exp 6.30 TRd,max = 2  v1  cw  fcd  Ak  tef,i  sin(t)  cos(t) = 70.6 kNm
Max design shear force - exp.6.9 VRdt,max = cw  b  0.9  d  v1  fcwd / (cot(t) + tan(t)) = 613.1 kN
Interaction formulae - exp.6.29 TEd,max / TRd,max + VEd,max / VRdt,max = 0.528
PASS - concrete section is adequate
Torsional and shear resistance of the concrete alone
Max torsional resist mnt no shear reinf. - cl.6.3.2(5) TRd,c = 2  Ak  fct,d  tef,i = 30.0 kNm
Shear resistance constant - cl.6.2.2 CRd,c = 0.18 / C = 0.120
Reinforcement ratio - cl.6.2.2 l = min(Asl / (b  d), 0.02) = 0.004
Effective depth factor - cl.6.2.2 kv = min(1 + (200mm / d), 2) = 1.605
Minimum shear stress vmin = 0.035 N/mm2  kv3/2  (fck / 1N/mm2)0.5 = 0.4 N/mm2
Design value for shear resistance - exp.6.2.a VRd,c = max(CRd,c  kv  1N/mm2(100  l  fck/1N/mm2)1/3  b  d, vmin
 b  d) = 75.1 kN
Interaction formulae - exp.6.31 TEd,max / TRd,c + VEd,max / VRd,c = 2.666
Additional reinforcement required
Required torsional reinforcement
Required area of add. long. reinf. for torsion (6.28) Asl,req = TEd,max  Uk  cot(t) / (2  Ak  fyd) = 805 mm2
The longitudinal bars should be arranged so there is at least one bar at each corner with the other spaced around the
periphery of the links at a spacing of 350mm or less (cl.9.2.3(4))
Required shear reinforcement for torsion (one leg) Asw,req = TEd,max / (2  Ak  fyd  cot(t)) = 92 mm2/m
Maximum spacing for torsion shear reinforcement sw,max = min(Uk / 8, b, h) = 175 mm
Total shear for torsion (2 legs) AswT,req = Nv,T  Asw,req = 184 mm2/m

Total shear reinforcement

Total shear reinforcement required Asv,total = Asv,req_s2 + AswT,req_s2 = 468 mm2/m
PASS - Shear reinforcement provided exceeds total shear reinforcement required

NOTE: Crack control is in accordance with cl.7.3.3 which makes design assumptions detailed in Table7.2N. For
designs falling outside these parameters a more detailed crack check may be required.

Lifting check
Precast element details
Length of beam Lbeam = 6000 mm
Distance between lifting points Llift = 4000 mm
Lifting load coefficient lifting = 1.3
Partial factor for permanent actions G = 1.35
Self weight of precast element wself_precast = b  h    gacc = 4.4 kN/m
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Lifting check (pos moment) - based on Section 1 reinforcement

Design bending moment M = G  lifting  (wself_precast  Llift2 /8 - wself_precast  ((Lelement - Llift) / 2)2 /
2) = 11.6 kNm
Effective depth of tension reinforcement d = 547 mm
Redistribution ratio  = 1 = 1.000
K = M / (b  d2  fck) = 0.004
K' = (2    cc / C)  (1 -   ( - k1) / (2  k2))  (  ( - k1) / (2  k2))
= 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm z = min(0.5  d  [1 + (1 - 2  K / (  cc / C))0.5], 0.95  d) = 520 mm
Depth of neutral axis x = 2  (d - z) /  = 68 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required As,req = M / (fyd  z) = 51 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided 3  20
Area of tension reinforcement provided As,prov = 942 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement - exp.9.1N As,min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk, 0.0013)  b  d = 274 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement - cl.9.2.1.1(3) As,max = 0.04  b  h = 7200 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required

Lifting check (neg moment) - based on Section 2 reinforcement

Design bending moment M = G  lifting  wself_precast  ((Lelement - Llift) / 2)2 / 2 = 3.9 kNm
Effective depth of tension reinforcement d = 547 mm
Redistribution ratio  = 1 = 1.000
K = M / (b  d2  fck) = 0.001
K' = (2    cc / C)  (1 -   ( - k1) / (2  k2))  (  ( - k1) / (2  k2))
= 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm z = min(0.5  d  [1 + (1 - 2  K / (  cc / C))0.5], 0.95  d) = 520 mm
Depth of neutral axis x = 2  (d - z) /  = 68 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required As,req = M / (fyd  z) = 17 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided 2  20
Area of tension reinforcement provided As,prov = 628 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement - exp.9.1N As,min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk, 0.0013)  b  d = 274 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement - cl.9.2.1.1(3) As,max = 0.04  b  h = 7200 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required

Lifting check (shear) - based on Section 2 reinforcement

Design shear force VEd = G  lifting  wself_precast  max(Llift / 2, (Lelement - Llift) / 2) = 15 kN
Design shear stress vEd = VEd / (b  z) = 0.099 N/mm2
Angle of concrete compression strut - cl.6.2.3  = min(max(0.5  Asin(min(2  vEd / (cw  fcwd  v1),1)), 21.8 deg),
45deg) = 21.8 deg
Area of shear reinforcement required - exp.6.8 Asv,des = vEd  b / (fyd  cot()) = 27 mm2/m
Area of shear reinforcement required Asv,req = max(Asv,min, Asv,des) = 284 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided 2  8 legs @ 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Project Job no.

Calcs for Start page no./Revision

9
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date

Y 11/11/2024