Scribd
Upload
5 views

Derivatives of Inverse Functions-Related Rates

Uploaded by

Jerome Moral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Derivatives of Inverse Functions-Related Rates

Uploaded by

Jerome Moral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Derivatives of Inverse Functions

Theorem Continuity of an Inverse Function


Let f be a continuous one-to-one function on its domain X. Then f -1 is continuous on its domain.

Increasing-Decreasing Functions. Suppose y = f(x) is a function defined on an interval I, that x1 and x2 are any
two numbers in the interval such that x1 < x2 . Then f is said to be

• Increasing on the interval if f(x1) < f(x2)


• Decreasing on the interval if f(x1) > f(x2)

Derivative of an Inverse Function


Suppose that f is differentiable on an interval I and f’(x) is never zero on I. If f has an inverse f-1 on I, then f -1
is differentiable at a number x and
𝒅 −𝟏 𝟏
𝒇 ሺ𝒙ሻ =
𝒅𝒙 𝒇′ሺ𝒇−𝟏 ሺ𝒙ሻሻ
Hyperbolic Functions
Combinations such involving the exponential functions ex and e-x occur so often in applied mathematics that
they warrant special definitions.
The graphs of hyperbolic sine and cosine can be sketched using graphical addition
Definition Hyperbolic Sine and Cosine
For any real number x, the hyperbolic sine of x is
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 =
2
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 =
2

Definition Other Hyperbolic Functions


For any real number x, the hyperbolic tangent of x is
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
The hyperbolic cotangent of x,
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥 = =
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
The hyperbolic secant of x
1 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥 = = 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑒 −𝑥
The hyperbolic cosecant of x
1 2
𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥 = = 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑥
Example Prove (a) cosh2x – sinh2x = 1 and (b) 1 - tanh2x = sech2x

Example Differentiate

a. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ√2𝑥 + 1
b. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥 3
3𝑥
c. Evaluate the derivative of 𝑦 = 4+𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 at x=0
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

Example Show that 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ1 𝑥 = ln⁡ሺ𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1ሻ

𝑑
Example Find 𝑑𝑥 [𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 ሺ𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥ሻ]
Exercises
Prove the identity
1. Coshx + sinh x = ex
𝑥 2 −1
2. tanhሺ𝑙𝑛𝑥ሻ = 𝑥 2 +1
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥
3. = 𝑒 2𝑥
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥

Find the derivative. Simplify where possible


4. 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
5. 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ√𝑥
6. 𝐺ሺ𝑡ሻ = sinh⁡ሺ𝑙𝑛𝑡ሻ
7. 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ−1 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛√1 − 𝑥 2
𝑥
8. 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ−1 (3) − √9 + 𝑥 2
Applications of the Derivative
Related Rates
Extrema of Functions
Mean Value Theorem
L’ Hopitals Rule
Graphing the First and Second Derivative
Optimization
Linearization and Differentials

Related Rates
The derivative dy/dx of a function y = f(x) is its instantaneous rate of change with respect to the
variable x. In general, a time rate of change is the answer to the question: How fast is a quantity changing?

Guidelines for Solving Related Problems


1. Read the problem carefully.
2. Draw a diagram if possible.
3. Introduce notation. Assign symbols to all quantities that are functions of time.
4. Express the given information and the required rate in terms of derivatives.
5. Write an equation that relates the various quantities of the problem. If necessary, use the
geometry of the situation to eliminate one of the variables by substitution.
6. Use the Chain Rule to differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to t.
7. Substitute the given information into the resulting equation and solve for the unknown
rate.
Example 1. Air is being pumped into a spherical balloon so that its volume increases at a rate of 100 cm3/s. How fast is
the radius of the balloon increasing when the diameter is 50 cm?

Example 2. A ladder 10 ft long rests against a vertical wall. If the bottom of the ladder slides away from the wall at a rate
of 1 ft/s, how fast is the top of the ladder sliding down the wall when the bottom of the ladder is 6 ft from the wall?

Example 3. A water tank has the shape of an inverted circular cone with base radius 2 m and height 4 m. If water is being
pumped into the tank at a rate of 2 m3 /min, find the rate at which the water level is rising when the water is 3 m deep.

Example 4. Car A is traveling west at 50 mi/h and car B is traveling north at 60 mi/h. Both are headed for the intersection
of the two roads. At what rate are the cars approaching each other when car A is 0.3 mi and car B is 0.4 mi from the
intersection?

Example 5 A man walks along a straight path at a speed of 4 ft/s. A searchlight is located on the ground 20 ft from the
path and is kept focused on the man. At what rate is the searchlight rotating when the man is 15 ft from the point on the
path closest to the searchlight?

You might also like