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24 views

Textiles

Uploaded by

Cesar Quant Fernandez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Textile industry research project

Abigail Mancia
Diego Castro
Maria Jose Barahona
Emilio Ramos
World History

Textile Production
The Industrial Revolution was a period of history that began in 1760 and
ended in 1840. It was characterized by a big jump in economic development.
The Industrial Revolution started in Britain but would later spread throughout
other parts of the world. During the Industrial Revolution, the textile industry
shifted from small-scale to large, mechanized factories. The worker’s main role
was to keep machines running smoothly. Innovators constantly improved
these machines, making textile production faster and cheaper.
The use of machines meant that many skilled textile workers eventually lost
their employment, causing protest movements such as the Luddites. Although
new, less skilled jobs emerged. The poor working conditions in the mills
helped form the trade union movement and urged the government to pass
laws that protect the workers’ rights.
The Spinning Jenny
The spinning Jenny was invented in 1764, it was invented by James
Hargreaves. In the beginning, the machine consisted of a spinning frame
containing multiple spindles that would spin up to eight cotton threads
simultaneously. This sped up production as one machine was doing the work
of eight people faster. After improving the machine it could spin 120 threads.
Over 20,000 spinning jennies were used across Britain factories. This made
textiles more accessible, this introduced a new way and forever boosted the
sector of textiles. A short-term effect was the sudden boost in textile
production, the use of spinning Jennies, and many people losing their jobs. The
spinning Jenny made textile prices drop by almost half of their original price
and caused a rapid increase in production and money. It was used for many
years and was commonly used until 1810 when replaced by the spinning
mule.
Howe’s Sewing Machine
Howe’s Sewing Machine was an innovative sewing machine invented in 1844.
It was created by Elias Howe in Cambridge, U.S. It was innovative as it was the
first machine to use the lockstitch, which is when two threads are placed in a
cloth, one below and one above. It was incredibly useful as it made textiles
much stronger and was much quicker to produce, it produced 640 stitches per
minute compared to the average 23 by hand. It caused a complete revolution
in the clothing industry. Nowadays we still use the same machine with certain
developments that have been added over the years. It made the manufacturing
of textiles much cheaper and the machine itself created a great income as it
was being sold rapidly.
Water Frame
The Water Frame was invented by Lancashire Wigmaker Arkwright in 1769
with significant help from his clockmaker friend John Kay, they revolutionized
cotton spinning. Using efficient materials and gears, the Water frame replaced
manual finger work with rollers, producing stronger and finer yarn. This
invention made an improvement over the Spinning Jenny.

Spinning Mule
The Spinning Mule was invented by Samuel Crompton in 1779. It made
improvements to both Arkwright’s Water Frame and Hargreaves Spinning
Jenny. The machine measured 150 ft in length. It had 1,320 spindles which was
much more than other machines.It needed three workers for it to function.
The invention was a huge improvement and in 1790, it became
steam-powered. Each factory would have about 60 machines, which made
about 50 million spindles working in Lancashire.

Power Loom
Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom weaving machine in 1785 after
being inspired by a factory visit in Derbyshire, The machine was originally
powered by water, and later by steam. It increased cloth production speed by
requiring only one worker to change the full spindles every 7 minutes.
Although, at first, the machine was not very efficient, Cartwright’s theoretical
principles were solid, and he never stopped improving it.
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney created the cotton gin in 1794 on a Georgia plantation. The
machine could efficiently separate seeds from cotton, processing up to 25 kg
per day. Despite its success, Whitney’s invention was widely copied so much
that he made little money. As cotton production rocketed, more slaves were
used on plantations, and cotton exports increased dramatically.

The Roberts loom


The Roberts loom was invented by Richard Roberts (1789-1864), it was the
first cast-iron loom that worked by steam. This machine used iron instead of
wood, which means that the machine did not warp, this then kept the yarn to
keep constant. Meaning that the woven cloth production was faster. Later in
time inventors kept improving the machine, and this machine was more
efficient than ever, which then the British wanted to prohibit the export of
machinery to keep its competitive advantages.
The Self-Acting Mule
The Self-Acting Mule, invented by Richard Roberts in 1825, was designed to
improve the cast-iron loom. This new machine used gears, cranks, and a guide
mechanism, and efficiently placed yarn with minimal human input. It led to
significant unemployment as factories needed less skilled workers, replacing
them with less skilled workers due to the machine’s efficiency and reliability.
It made textile production faster, more versatile, and cost-effective.

References
Reference

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