The VARK Strategy in Learning

Introduction

We all learn in unique ways. For some people, reading is the best way to learn, while others
understand new information better by listening or through hands-on practice. The VARK
strategy, which stands for Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, and Kinesthetic, helps us
discover our preferred way of learning (Fleming, 2001). Knowing your learning style can make
studying easier and more enjoyable. Using the VARK strategy, students can choose study
methods that help them understand information faster and remember it longer, which is
beneficial for academic success (Hawk & Shah, 2007).

Using learning strategies like the VARK model can greatly help students succeed. When students
apply strategies that match their learning style, they can understand information faster and
remember it better. For example, a kinesthetic learner who uses hands-on activities may find
studying more enjoyable and effective. Strategies provide a clear path for learning, which makes
studying less confusing and stressful. Studies show that students who use specific learning
strategies perform better in exams and have a more positive attitude towards their studies
(Fleming, 2001; Hawk & Shah, 2007). Applying learning strategies also builds confidence.
When students see progress, they feel more motivated to keep learning and improving. This
approach helps create a positive learning experience and encourages lifelong learning habits.

There are other learning strategies that students use to study better. For example, some students
use the SQ3R method (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review) to help understand reading
materials. Others use mind mapping to organize their ideas with pictures and connections, or
spaced repetition, which means reviewing information many times over a period to remember it
well. These strategies can be helpful, but many students find the VARK model easier to use
because it is simple and focuses on each person’s own learning style. VARK gives clear,
personal tips for studying based on what works best for you (Fleming, 2001). Because VARK
divides learning into just four types, it is easy for students to understand and use, making it
popular for people of all ages, especially for those who are new to exploring their learning style.
1. What Is the VARK Strategy?

The VARK strategy is a model developed by Neil Fleming in 1987 to help people discover their
learning style (Fleming & Mills, 1992). Everyone has a learning style that works best for them.
The VARK model identifies four main styles: Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, and
Kinesthetic. By knowing which style you prefer, you can use study methods that match it, which
can improve how you learn and remember information. Studies show that when students use
study techniques that match their learning style, they perform better and have a more positive
attitude towards studying (Hawk & Shah, 2007).

2. Visual Learners

Visual learners prefer to see information in the form of images, diagrams, or videos. This type of
learner understands concepts better when they are presented with visual aids. If you are a visual
learner, color-coding notes or creating mind maps can help you remember details more easily
(Fleming, 2001). Research shows that about 29% of students are visual learners who find visual
aids helpful for learning (James, 2018). Watching educational videos or using symbols to
remember facts can also be effective for this type of learner.

Tips for Visual Learners:

 Use charts, maps, and pictures.

 Color-code your notes for easy recall.
 Watch educational videos to see information in action.
 Draw diagrams to understand complex ideas.

3. Auditory Learners

Auditory learners learn best by listening. They remember information well when it is presented
verbally, like in lectures or podcasts. Research shows that around 34% of students learn better by
hearing information (James, 2018). If you are an auditory learner, listening to recordings, reading
aloud, or discussing topics with classmates can help you understand and remember content
(Fleming, 2001). Auditory learners also benefit from group discussions where they can hear
different perspectives and explanations.
Tips for Auditory Learners:

 Listen to lectures, podcasts, or audiobooks.

 Read notes out loud to reinforce ideas.
 Discuss topics with friends or classmates.
 Record yourself and listen to your recordings later.

4. Reading/Writing Learners

Reading/Writing learners prefer to learn through text. They enjoy reading books, articles, and
taking notes to better understand information. Studies show that about 23% of students learn best
by reading and writing (Hawk & Shah, 2007). This type of learner benefits from writing down
notes, making lists, and reading explanations of ideas. For example, reading a textbook and then
summarizing it in your own words can help you remember the information better. Using lists,
summaries, and notes can be very effective for these learners.

Tips for Reading/Writing Learners:

 Read textbooks, articles, and written materials.

 Take detailed notes and write summaries.
 Make lists to organize important points.
 Write definitions and explanations in your own words.

5. Kinesthetic Learners

Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing. They prefer hands-on activities, such as experiments,
role-playing, or using physical objects. According to studies, about 14% of students are
kinesthetic learners who benefit from moving around and doing physical activities related to
their learning (James, 2018). This style is beneficial for subjects that involve practical skills, like
science experiments or sports. Kinesthetic learners often find it helpful to take breaks during
study sessions to move around or do something active, which helps them stay focused.

Tips for Kinesthetic Learners:

 Do hands-on activities like experiments or demonstrations.

 Act out ideas or use physical examples.
 Take short breaks to move around while studying.
 Use real-life objects to help remember information.
6. Why Is the VARK Strategy Important?

Understanding your VARK style can make studying much easier and more effective. Research
shows that students who use methods matching their learning style tend to learn more and retain
information longer (Hawk & Shah, 2007). For instance, if you are a kinesthetic learner, doing a
science experiment can help you understand concepts better than reading about it in a textbook.
Knowing your style can also reduce stress, as you are learning in a way that feels comfortable for
you. Using the VARK strategy allows you to study in a way that matches your natural learning
preferences, which makes learning more fun and helps improve your academic performance.

Conclusion

The VARK strategy is a helpful way to understand your learning style. By knowing if you are a
Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, or Kinesthetic learner, you can choose study techniques that
work best for you. This strategy can help you learn more effectively and enjoy studying. Try out
different methods from the VARK strategy to see which one fits you best, and use these tips to
improve your study habits. With the right tools, learning can be a positive and successful
experience for everyone.

References

 Fleming, N. (2001). Teaching and Learning Styles: VARK Strategies. Christchurch, New
Zealand: Neil D. Fleming, Education Division of Lincoln University.
 Fleming, N., & Mills, C. (1992). Not Another Inventory, Rather a Catalyst for Reflection.
To Improve the Academy, 11, 137-155.
 Hawk, T., & Shah, A. J. (2007). Using Learning Style Instruments to Enhance Student
Learning. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 5(1), 1-19.
 James, C. (2018). Learning Styles and Their Impact on Student Success. Journal of
Educational Psychology, 23(3), 211-225.