CHAPTER 4: DESIGN PROGRAMMING

• Dr. Hana Aljawder,

• Dr. Fatema Qaed,
• Dr. Nehal Almurbati,
• Dr. Hawra Alshaik,
• Dr. Reem Sultan,
• Dr. Anamika Jiwane,
• Dr. Tamadher Alfahal
• Dr Buthaina Abdulla.
 1 2 3 4 5

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5

Introduction Literature Review Methodology Discussion and Results

Explaining the Site analysis

Introducing the Reviewing previous Where data are project that would
project to researches collected and achieve the aim Analysing
readers analysed (Users, project plan
components, etc.) and location
 A program in architecture/Interior design is the needs of the
client, that will guide the design process:
- what spaces do they need
- which sizes should they have
- how many people are going to use them
This should be translated in a index of spaces and surfaces
needed
What is Programming? Why
do we need it? Programming can be defined as the research and decision-
making process that helps to identify the scope of work to be
designed and performed. Some of the advantages architectural
programming offers are: ... Gathering and analysing data early in
the process so the design is based on sound decisions.

Design programming is the process of defining and planning the

requirements and parameters of a design project before the
actual design work begins. It involves gathering information,
setting objectives, and outlining the functional and spatial needs
of a project. Design programming serves as the foundation for the
design process, ensuring that the designer understands the
goals, constraints, and user needs that will shape the final design
solution.
 WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?

PROGRAMMING LAYS THE GROUNDWORK FOR A SOLUTION LATER IN THE DESIGN PHASE
BRAINSTORMING

What is the Difference Between The Project

Programming
Design I, II, III, IV, V
And Graduation Design

You are the maker of Program now !!!!

❑ How many different activities within the space or building ?
❑ What are these activities? Can you make a list of them ?
❑ Can you identify the Primary Activities [ Primary activities: are
the activities that may be Full time, frequent, regular etc]
❑ Can you identify the Secondary Activities [ Primary activities:
are the activities that may be Part time, supporting primary
activities, irregular etc]
This decision may also depend upon the approach/intention of
design as well.

For example: Museum Design project

List of activities: exhibition, library, lecture hall,
cafeteria, souvenir shop, administration, archive etc
Primary Activities : Exhibition hall………….full time,
To start with Programming? regular
Ask yourself a series of questions: Secondary activities: cafeteria…..supporting , part
time
BUT again: it depends upon the approach and
objective of your museum Project
In order to understand the nature of each activity taking place in your
project and the required relationship between them , make the copies of
the questions to cover all activities within your project:

❑ What is the activity?

❑ Is activity Primary or Secondary?
❑ Is it Full Time or Part Time ?
❑ What is the type of activity: physical? sedentary (inactive), guided?
❑ What are the hours of operation?
❑ How many times the activity is performed? Once a week, day,
month ?
❑ Is activity done by individual or in group? Groups are small or large?
❑ Who is involved in the activity?
❑ Does the activity share space with another activity?
❑ Are there any specific environmental requirements ?
❑ Are there any safety ? Security requirements ?
 CHAPTER 4 OUTLINE

4.1 Project components Study

4.1.1. Major components with space and design criteria /requirements [ along with technical study as needed]
4.1.2 Minor Components with space and design criteria/requirements [ along with technical study as needed]
4.1.3 Services with space and design criteria/requirements [ along with technical study as needed]

4.3 Functional relationship Study

4.2 User Study
4.3.1 Bubble diagram
4.2.1 User I [with 1 sample of user persona ]
4.4 Area Calculation Study
4.2.2 User II [with 1 sample of user persona ]
4.4.1. Area Calculation for major, minor and services
4.2.3 User III[with 1 sample of user persona ]
4.4.2 Total area of the project : proposed % distribution
4.2.4 User Journey maps
4.5 Design guidelines
4.2.5 Organizational Chart
4.5.1 Guidelines from Literature Review
4.5.2 Guidelines from Survey /Interviews/ Observations
4.5.3 guidelines from Case Studies
4.1. PROJECT COMPONENTS STUDY

4.1.1. Major components with design criteria and requirements [ along with technical study as
needed]

4.1.2 Minor Components with space and design criteria/requirements[ along with technical study as
needed]

4.1.3 Services with space and design criteria/requirements[ along with technical study as needed]

For 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3 students need to:

❑ Write Brief information about function /activities in the space
❑ Add 1-2 relevant images
❑ Add layout of the component from standard’s data book/ case studies showing dimensions,
anthropometric data etc
❑ Mention design criteria and special space requirements if any suitable for their project : like lighting,
plumbing, acoustics, material finishes, environment, feeling, color, privacy, storage, furniture,
technology, special equipment, sustainable aspects etc. [ we are combining the design criteria
matrix here]
What do you mean by?
MAJOR
MINOR
SERVICES

MAJOR: Primary, most frequent,

high order importance, [maybe]
occupy large area

MINOR: supporting, part time,

casual, informal, additional,
secondary, may take up small
area

SERVICES: essential services

that enhance the functioning of
project like storage, lockers,
electrical, mechanical rooms,
prayer spaces, toilets Example: Montessori School
 Example of major
component:

 Museum Design-
Exhibition Halls
 Permanent and
Temporary

❑ Brief description
❑ Images
❑ Layout
❑ Special requirements
❑ Design criteria
❑ Technical specification
 Marine Life Center: Major and Minor OPTION 1
Components
 Marine Life Center: Major and Minor and service components
SHOP in museum design: is it a Major component or
Minor component?

WORKSHOP/Lecture room in museum design: is it a

Major component or Minor component?

LIBRARY in museum design: is it a Major component

or Minor component?

DISCUSSION
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THOSE COMPONENTS IN MUSEUM PROJECT –
Should These Be Added To Area Calculations Of Project ?
WHAT are Technical specification:
A study of technical standards, detailing, dimensions , specifications regarding the project components
This study can be added with the relevant components.
Green walls :

Green walls have gained popularity because of their

sustainability and aesthetic values. Since nature plays an
important role in healing and impacting one’s emotional
wellbeing, green walls can be one of the options for
integrating nature into the interior spaces.
Installation method:
❑ The installing starts with taking measurements for the
stripes and marking the points on the wall
❑ It is followed by putting waterproof layer one the wall
which is glued
❑ Next is the installation of the mounting stripes. There are
for hanging the panels of the green walls (Fig 2.22)
❑ For efficient irrigation system, these stripes should be
levelled
❑ Next step is fixing the plant panels into the stripes which
is followed by setting up the irrigation pipes. These
pipes are connected to a water source (Fig 2.23)
❑ The plants should be watered once every week or two
weeks. Example of Technical specification
Skylights:
Daylight plays an important role in reducing stress and inducing
pleasure. One of the ways to integrate daylight into the space is
the use of skylights.
Installation method:
❑ The installation process starts with taking measurements and
then cutting a hole in the roof where the skylight is to be
placed This should be done in accordance with the building
codes. This is because structural elements
❑ shouldn’t be damaged in this step.
❑ The next step is to frame the opening.
❑ Then, the skylight is placed in the hole made, nailing it to with
screws into the roof
❑ Next step is to install the ice and water shield. This is then
followed by nailing the flashing over the shield
❑ The last step is to cover the roof sides that were cut while
making the hole for skylight.

Example of Technical specification

Example of Technical specification
 4.2. USER STUDY

4.2.1 User I
4.2.2 User II
4.2.3 User III

The project may have different types of

users and accordingly they will be referred
as User-I, User-2, User-3 or more etc.

Students are expected to give the details

about the users for example age, gender,
socio-economic background, cultural
background, educational status, reason of Designers should try to understand who the users are, what
their involvement with the project, frequency problems they have, and what their need are?
of use of the project etc.
IMPORTANT NOTE: THE USERS OF YOUR PROJECT SHOULD BE
REAL PEOPLE WHO WILL BE USING YOUR PROJECT. THINK
ABOUT THE USERS YOU OBSERVED, INTERVIEWED , SURVEYED
DURING THE DATA COLLECTION PROCESS.
SAMPLES OF USER STUDY: INTRODUCING THE USERS
[ MUSEUM PROJECT; MARINE LIFE CENTER]
USER PERSONAS
 USER PERSONA

What is a USER PERSONA? ❑ A user persona is a representation of the goals and

❑ These are fictitious characters behavior of a hypothesized group of users. In most
❑ Profile of archetypal user cases, personas are synthesized from data collected from
❑ It represents the needs of many and interviews with users.
the would be USERS
❑ Emphasize behaviour, motivations, ❑ They are captured in 1–2-page descriptions that include
and mind sets behavioral patterns, goals, skills, attitudes, with a few
fictional personal details to make the persona a realistic
character.

❑ Personas provide common behaviors, outlooks, and

potential objections of people matching a given persona.
TEMPLATE FOR USER PERSONAS

https://xtensio.com/user-persona-template/

https://www.justinmind.com/blog/user-persona-templates/
SAMPLES OF USER PERSONAS: MUSEUM PROJECT; MARINE LIFE CENTER
 LET US WATCH A VIDEO ON HOW TO CREATE USER PERSONA

The video runs for Product Design , but still is very relevant for Interior design.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4Pp3FK7lkE
SAMPLES OF USER PERSONAS: ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER
4.2.4 USER JOURNEY MAP
Customer journey maps are used to map the
relationship between a customer and an organization
over time and across all channels on which they interact
UER journey maps are used to map the relationship
with the business. Design teams use customer journey
between a UERS and the spaces. Design teams use User
maps to see how customer experiences meet customers’
journey maps to see how UERS’ experiences meet UERS’
expectations and find areas where they need to improve
expectations and find areas where they need to improve
designs.
designs.
“Data often fails to communicate the frustrations and
“A visual story can help to understand the frustrations
experiences of customers. A story can do that, and
and experiences of the users’
one of the best storytelling tools in business is the
customer journey map.”

— Paul Boag, UX designer, service design consultant &

digital transformation expert
❑ UERS JOURNEYS are the step by step journey that a
user takes to reach to their goal
❑ These are called UX Tools
❑ These can be drawn in various formats
❑ Depending on the context they can be used
USER JOURNEY MAP: it can be defined as a visual map of the process the person goes through stage wise in order to
achieve his/her goals

Benefits of USER JOURNEY MAP:

❑ To know the users
❑ To predict their behaviour
❑ To establish users’ emotional connection
❑ To convey the scenario is visual format
❑ To map the overall view of users’ experience by exploring the happy and sad; satisfactory and non satisfactory;
happening and frustrating moments throughout the series of interaction
User Personas are created with information gathered from user and stakeholder interviews. These are the key
characters for your project. Personas are fictional, yet believable archetypes you can develop to represent your target
users. They go deeper by having individual names and stories that reflect personal attributes and behavioural
characteristics such as needs, motivations, attitudes, and pain points.

User Journey Maps are a UX visualization document that showcases the steps that a user takes in a process to
accomplish a goal. journey maps are a combination of storytelling, visual design, and empathy. The process of creating
a journey map allows you to have an internal conversation and avoid any possibility of assumption misalignments. User
journey maps show you what your users do as they interact, including where things do and don't meet their
expectations, and places where a designer can improve to serve the users better.

Map marks the behaviour, Activities , actions – reactions , functioning, pain, pleasure etc for the users.
This can ultimately help to build bubble diagram, decide the criteria, decide upon major and minor components , any
special component etc.

Difference between User Persona and User Journey map

1. IDENTIFY THE ACTORS [ personas /
users]
2. EXPALIN SCENARIOS [ Journey map
situations]
3. MENTION JOURNEY PHASES [
different high level stages in journey]
4. ELABORATE ACTIONS, MINDSETS,
EMOTIONS [ behaviour, thoughts,
feelings through-out journey]
5. CONCLUDE DESIGN
OPPORTUNITIES [ insights gained]

STAGES OF USER JOURNEY MAP

You can follow this: Phase Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV
❑ Break the journey into phases
❑ For each phase- mention goals, Goal
doing/actions, Thinking and saying,
feelings, opportunities and ideas, Doing
mood etc
Thinking and
❑ Then can be drafted as a visual story
saying
Feeling

Opportunities
and ideas
Mood

HOW TO CREATE USER JOURNEY MAPS: another option

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdJV8yuqBEA
Another video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mSxpVRo3BLg
EXAMPLE- USER JOURNEY MAP

 Project: Public Library

 Users: 1. People those who love reading
 2. People those who hate reading
 Like User life experience Goals
Age 24 years old She interacts with the things around her positively and simply by • The existence of futuristic
• Discover new things
Gender Female exploring what is around her. She communicates and talks with libraries that keep pace with
• History

Actor
Hobbies Reading books others flexibly. She prefers to sit in a place that is diverse in terms modern progress.
• Visit museum • The presence of libraries
Technology of space, design, and environment around her. She is interested in
• Music reading books, as she has a variety of books. Keep pace with the provides a natural
Photography
• Natural development and modern progress of technology. atmosphere.
Writing • Diversity of programs in the
Dislike
• Dark colors library.

If the library is in the

Why do you love reading? Where do you read? If there How is foodmakes
reading andyou feel? desert, do you go?
She says: that reading makes my senses programs,
that the writer they
talks towill
them go

Scenarios
Feel and discusses
Prefer to read in a
move, meaning my eyes start to move
comfortable place like a
them with the thought contained in the book, they If there is food and
quickly, my soul increases and my body will find themselves participating in the events of
bed. the novel, interacting with them, and they will not
programs, she will
relaxes...I never imagine the shape of the
people in the book, the place, and the And Sometimes in the feel lonely because they will find their world in go.
way events. It makes me a movie that I garden. books, he will feel a life other than life, they mind
pictured in my imagination and makes me will beat and accompany with the writer, especially
understand people more. if he reads to the writer who is close to his reader
who is in contact with his reality.

Phase 2 Phase 3
Opportunities Journey phases

Phase 1 Phase 4
First, to reach the café, you will go to the Secondly, then passing to the Third, there will be a dedicated writing and Fourthly ,After that, they can go
library, you will cross towards the receptionbe books section, where the speaking area where you will be drawn to sit to the electronic museum, and
landscapede facade will be landscapes behind appropriate book is selected from and talk to them. There will be an open area for from there they can sit and
a piece of glass, where the first impression the sections, where you will be group discussions where they can communicate contemplate the history and feel
you will feel is comfort and calm. Then cross immersed in various books and with others in an open area. the previous cultures. After that,
to an area designated for reading thoughts may take long hours, then there there will be an area dedicated to
through electronic devices, where a device can will be an area to search through coffee and reading books in an
be placed on the head, and this device can electronic devices, where the article open environment.
read thoughts and convert them into a film, or book can be printed in that area,
“Behind every shape or image. after which the visitor can go to
book is an reading alone It has very
comfortable seats.
idea, and What needs to be done with this knowledge? Where are the biggest
behind every • There are places for analyzing ideas and converting them into images, shapes, or films through technology. opportunities?
idea is a step •
•
The presence of an area dedicated to the contemplation of outer space and for writing and reading.
There is an area designated for individual reading with very comfortable reading seats.
In the area of reading and analyzing thoughts
through an electronic device, it transforms
forward. " the ideas in the mind into pictures, films, and
 User life experience
She interacts with the things around her in a positive way, preferring clarity and interaction with others. Prefer to sit in an open and diverse place to
"Inspiration can come from anywhere"

Actor
exchange views and ideas. Interested in art and theater. She is interested in the surrounding area in terms of elegant design, space, and taking pictures.
She loves to keep pace with the development and modern technological progress.
Why do you hate reading /going to What will make you read/ go to How reading makes If the library is in the desert, do
libraries? libraries? you feel? you go?

Because books are often long, you can't get rid If you see some books available in New things, New She will go if there are other
of them quickly make me feel bored too. Also, the library but not available experiences. programs such as art, theater,
Not all books I like. I rarely go to the library. outside, I will also go if there is a café, open reading area,
Because the atmosphere of the books

Scenarios
book, I like that will make me go entertainment, and activities.
surrounding us, and the view does not help
to the library. Otherwise, we will not go far into
reading. Sometimes I prefer reading while
standing, lying down, or sitting, but in the
a Sakhir .
library, I am tied up. Also, I prefer to read in a
place where I am in my spirit and open. The
increased calm I feel is bothering me.

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

Opportunities Journey phases

First, Eman will pass to reach the book Secondly, through its path, you will Third, she may feel tired Fourth, after obtaining energy, it
listening area. Enter through the reception, see a group of different and diverse in her walk, but there will can continue its path to where
where a map of the library will be presented. books, where you will be attracted to be open seats for rest there will be an area open for
After that, you will pass through a landscaped the surrounding books as if you want and meditation in the discussions and exchange of views.
area where you will feel comfortable and calm, to read them all! Then there will be middle of the place. This To a closed area with glass barriers,
and then you will follow the steps drawn in the an area to search through electronic will make her feel which is known as the book
walls and floors. devices, where there is a place to comfortable and get listening area, where you will enter
print the article or book in that area. energy while she is sitting and see the speakers next to the
Age 25 years old Like Dislike on the chair touch screen to choose the book
Gender Female • Fashion • Reading contemplating the space you want to listen to. This area will
Hobbies Drawing • Art and beauty of the library. overlook the garden, where you can
Manual work • audio books listen and meditate quietly.
Technology • Taking
photos
• coffee
Goals What needs to be done with this knowledge? Where are the biggest opportunities?
• The existence of modern libraries that do not focus on reading • There will be an area in the middle of the library for rest. A diverse and modern book area where it is
only. • There will be a place for arts and a place for theatre.
• Creating spaces for art and theater in the library. possible to provide seats between book sections
• Provide a listening area for books.
• Ease of access to books through technology. • There will be an area to sit or lie down comfortably while reading books. with a screen to display the desired book.
 Phase 3
Phase 4 Fourth,
USER
upon exit, there will be a Third, after that, they can go to the
JOURNEY MAP stationery store and there will be
an additional section for printing
electronic museum, and from there
they can sit and meditate. After that,
books, and there will also be an there will be a theater hall where
electronic device to order a book programs, events, and activities will
through it and retrieve it through be presented. Then there will be an
it. And then pass from the cafe area dedicated to coffee and reading
area to the outside garden, out of books in an open environment. .
the library, and down to the parks. There will be a zone for arts and
creativity.

Phase 1
First, when entering the
library, you will cross
towards the reception, and

Phase 2
then the facade will be
landscaped behind a piece
of glass, where the first
impression you will feel is Second, then cross to the
comfort and calm. books section, where the
appropriate book is selected
from the section, where you
will be immersed in various And passing through
Then cross to an area books and may take long
designated for reading the area there will be a
hours, then there will be an dedicated area for
thoughts through area to search through
electronic devices, where writing and speaking.
electronic devices, where There will be an open
a device can be placed on the article or book can be
the head, and this device area for group
printed that area., After discussions where
can read thoughts and that, the visitor can go to
convert them into a film, they can communicate
reading The one with very with others in an open
shape or image. comfortable seats. area.
4.2.5. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

This chart can be prepared for the USERS categorized

as employees

• In this part, students will illustrate how the organization is

going to operate.
• It will include names of different departments and how
many employees will be involved ( optional) in each
department.
• It will also show the subdivision of each department
and hierarchy level that exist in the project.

Note: Some projects may have existing organizational chart. In case, if the
chart is not available the students need to produce a proposed organizational
chart.
SAMPLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTS
4.3 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP STUDY

4.3.1 Functional relationship diagram also

called as Bubble Diagram

Functional relationship study shows the relationships

among people, objectives and activities for the project.
This study indicates what functions/spaces (circles)
should be near each other in order for your building to
offer functionality.

The Functional Relationship Diagram is a foundational

tool that ensures spatial relationships are thoughtfully
planned to enhance functionality, efficiency, and user
satisfaction.

By definition, the bubble diagram is a freehand diagrammatic drawing made by architects and interior designers
to be used for space planning and organization at the preliminary phase of the design process. The bubble
diagram is important because later phases of the design process are based on them.
BUBBLE DIAGRAMS:
Key Elements of a Functional Relationship Diagram: Benefits:
1.Spaces or Functions: Each space (e.g., rooms in a building) Optimize Layout: It helps designers
or function (e.g., activities or tasks) is represented as a distinct organize spaces in a way that supports the
element, often in the form of circles, boxes, or nodes. most efficient and logical use of the space,
2.Relationships: Lines or arrows are used to show the reducing unnecessary movement or overlap
relationships between these spaces or functions. The thickness of functions.
or style of the lines can indicate the strength or importance of the Clarify Priorities: It visually communicates
relationship (e.g., a thicker line could indicate a stronger the relative importance of different spaces
connection or higher frequency of interaction). and their connections, helping to prioritize
3.Adjacency and Proximity: The placement of spaces or certain relationships over others.
functions in the diagram illustrates how close or distant they need Enhance User Experience: By ensuring
to be from each other. For instance, a kitchen might need to be key spaces are located appropriately and are
adjacent to a dining area, while storage might be farther away. easily accessible, the diagram supports a
4.Flow and Circulation: Arrows can represent movement or better user experience, whether for a
circulation patterns between spaces, helping to map out how building layout, a workspace, or even a
users will navigate through the layout. digital interface.
BUBBLE DIAGRAMS: Points to remember

1. Mostly circle shapes are used to create the bubbles

2. Size of each bubble is importantly related to the area it covers in the project
3. Location/ placement of bubbles in the diagram is important as it can result into locations of the components.
4. Colors can be used to identify the major, minor , services in the diagram.
5. Use appropriate type of Lines to connect the bubbles
6. Legend showing the meanings of lines used in the diagram is must
7. Give attention to main access and exits on the site
8. Think about the adjoining features to read the situation better.

Bubble diagram if thoughtfully prepared can lead to Schematic Plan.

SAMPLES OF FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS
SAMPLES OF FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS

What do you think

about these
examples?
4.4 AREA CALCULATION STUDY

What are you supposed to Know:

Area Calculation Tables ❑ Per person space
Students will prepare this chart based on the number of users, ❑ No. of spaces
number of spaces required for satisfying a particular function ❑ Dimensions
( component ). ❑ Clearances
To find area per person students can refer to standard data books, ❑ General layout of space
case studies or can calculate by making schematic drawings. ❑ Standards available : Time Saver
standards, Neuferts’ , Good case studies
❑ Standards derived: actual calculation
with proposed samples of layouts

 AREA Calculation: important phase in Programming

 Fitting the program on space available / taking decision on space needed
4.4.1 AREA CALCULATION FOR MAJOR,
MINOR AND SERVICES

To calculate the area:

SRL Name of Area per Number of Area per No of Total area Source for
component person users space spaces per person
area
1 Class room 2 sqm 25 50 sqm. 4 200 sqm Neufert’s
data

Area needed by each space with respect to the number of users

EXAMPLE OF AREA CALCULATION
 Major Component:
Lecture Halls/Classes example

Area per person:

(0.65 + 0.45) x 0.6 = 0.66 ≈ 0.7 m²
Total no. of users: 50
No. of spaces required: 2
No. of users/space: 50 / 2 = 25
Single Area Required = 0.7 x 25 = 17.5 m²
Total Area = 17.5 x 2 = 35 m²
3000

Minor Component:
Library example

Area per person:

1.70 x 1.50 = 2.55 ≈ 2.5 m² (not all are
workstations so rounded down)
Total no. of users: 30
No. of spaces required: 1
No. of users/space: 30
3000
Single Area Required = 2.5 x 30 = 75 m²
Total Area = 75 m²

Total Building Area = 3000 m2

 4.4.2
TOTAL AREA OF THE PROJECT: Proposed % distribution

Spatial Component Area m 2 Percentage

Major Components 50%-60%

Minor Components 20%-30%
Services 5%-10%
Circulation 15%-20%
Total Area 100%

Building selected:
Total Building Area = ________________ m2
Calculated area: ________________m2
If excess in selected building: Propose zoning
If less in selected building: propose extension / additional construction
If you have excess area in the building ? Zoning?
❑ You may have components which are essential in your project but due to limitation of the building space as you are asked to design 3000
sq. m. you may keep these components in zoning stage.
❑ You can mention these in the list of components but do not add these to area calculation chart. these will not be designed only kept as
zone. [unless you are taking a challenge of designing more than 3000 sqm]
❑ Other reason why you may keep some component as zone because f no- expertise to design it like for example auditorium [which is a large
size component needing an expert skills and knowledge for designing]
❑ Sometimes you may select a building which may have an auditorium attached to it or in the vicinity. it will even justify the appropriate
selection of your building.

Some Examples Of Zoning:

1. You are designing a hospital and there are prototypical wards/rooms ; you may design one and keep the others marked as zone or
similar.
2. You may have a museum for arts ; where there may be artists coming and staying over a certain period, you can keep their
housing accommodation as zoning.
3. You have environmental center, you may have small labs designed as components but professional labs for professional
researchers may be kept as zoning.
4. If you select a building which ahs 4 floors , you may design 2 floors and the rest you can keep as zoning

 Important Notes: Read these and for more understanding discuss with your supervisor
If you have less area in the building ? Extensions?
❑ You may have selected the building which has area less than 3000 sq m and there is a scope for increasing the area:
❑ You can add a building mass
❑ You can create connections between the existing blocks if they are more than 1
❑ While doing this strictly follow the structural pattern [ columns, beams, type of structure, morphology, structural bay etc] of
the existing building

 Important Notes: Read these and for more understanding discuss with your supervisor
 4.5 DESIGN GUIDELINES

❑ Design guidelines are the recommendations towards good practice in design

It can be related to:

❑ organizing spaces, appropriate materials, colours, spatial dimensions, users needs, behavioural responses, technical
details etc.

❑ You can write it as a list of guidelines or in a visual format

❑ These are derived from your data collection methods: literature review, survey, observations, interviews, case studies
etc.
4.5 DESIGN GUIDELINES

4.5.1 Guidelines from Literature Review

4.5.2 Guidelines from Survey/Interviews/observations
4.5.3 Guidelines from Case studies

In this part, Students will prepare a list of design guidelines derived from
❑ Literature Review
❑ Interviews/surveys/ observations
❑ Case studies

These guidelines will help the students in Design stage to take references
Examples of design guidelines:
EXAMPLE:
from the case study------------ lighting should be designed in a way……
from the literature review--------- circulation can be arranged like this ………….
colours can be selected to see the impact on users …………………….
from the interviews/ surveys ----the components that can be added to the project are………………….
 CHAPTER 4 OUTLINE

4.1 Project components Study

4.1.1. Major components with space and design criteria /requirements
4.1.2 Minor Components with space and design criteria/requirements
4.1.3 Services with space and design criteria/requirements

4.3 Functional relationship Study

4.2 User Study 4.3.1 Bubble diagram
4.2.1 User I [with 1 sample of user persona ] 4.4 Area Calculation Study
4.2.2 User II [with 1 sample of user persona ] 4.4.1. Area Calculation for major, minor and services
4.2.3 User III[with 1 sample of user persona ] 4.4.2 Total area of the project : proposed % distribution
4.2.4 User Journey maps 4.5 Design guidelines
4.2.5 Organizational Chart 4.5.1 Guidelines from Literature Review
4.5.2 Guidelines from Survey /Interviews/ Observations
4.5.3 guidelines from Case Studies
GRADING DISTRIBUTION

Grades will be distributed as follows: [ For Programming and Guidelines Formulation ]

❑ English and Grammar: 10
❑ Contents, Completion and graphics: 30
❑ Argument, justification, analysis and calculations: 60

Total: 100

Grades assigned to Chapter 4: 10%

GRADING CRITERIA DETAILS:

English and grammar: correct English language, use of technical words, spellings, sentence making etc.

Contents, Completion and graphics: all points covered, complete and meaningful, appropriate visual presentation,
layout, format, numbering to figures, tables, titles, etc

Argument and justification: basis of argument, clear ideas, references, relevance to project type, human
anthropometrics study , activity study, human behavior study, users needs study etc.

Analysis and calculations: space analysis, user analysis, needs analysis, formula and calculations, per person area
calculations, total area calculations-% division, etc

Formulation of design guidelines: specific, based on chapter 2 and chapter 3, practical, updated knowledge,
implementable etc
 Submission :
Week : 10
Date: 14/11/2024
Time: 8:00 am

Mostly Group work: unless you have

Individual differences on:

If difference in USERS so you can add in the

part of User personas;

If difference in Components so you can add

separate chart of calculations as well as
mention these components in the beginning
To move to Design stage as CASE 1, CASE 2, CASE 3 , CASE 4

NOTE: discuss this with your supervisor.

THANK YOU