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Lec 5 Water Collection System - TST

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21 views

Lec 5 Water Collection System - TST

Uploaded by

musabbirmashuk11974
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5/16/2024

CE 331
Environmental Engineering I

Tajkia Syeed Tofa


Assistant Professor
Department Of Civil Engineering, MIST

Topic: Water Collection and Distribution

References

1. Water Supply Engineering by M. A. Aziz


2. Water Supply and Sanitation by M Feroze Ahmed and Md. Mujibur Rahman

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Water Collection System


Water collection is a system to convey from a source to a treatment plant.
Intake consists of-

1. Intake
2. Intake main
3. Transmission main
4. Pumping station

Water Collection System


Water collection is a system to convey from a source to a treatment plant

Collection System

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Water Collection System


An intake is a device or a structure placed in a surface water source to permit the
withdrawal of water from this source and its discharge into an intake conduit or pipe
through which it will flow into the water works system.

Water Collection System

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Types of Intake
1. River intake

River Intakes: River intakes are constructed well upstream from points of discharge of
sewage and industrial wastes. Where the river bed shifts or depth of flow varies
greatly, intake pumps may be mounted on carriages that are moved up and down on
the river bank to stay within desired suction lift as flows rise and fall.

Types of Intake
Lake intakes are sited with due reference to sources, of pollution prevailing winds, and
surface currents. Reservoir intakes resemble lake intakes but generally lie closer to bank
in the deepest part of the reservoir.

2. Lake and reservoir intake

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Types of Intake

2. Lake and reservoir intake

Water Collection System

3. Floating intake
• Low to moderate cost
• Can be fabricated off-site and assembled onsite
• Damages due to wind and wave action if not properly
anchored

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Water Collection System

4. Submerged intake

• Simple, easy and relatively


inexpensive.
• Intake opening may be raised 1-2
m in lakes with heavy siltation
• Maintenance difficult, can only
draw water from a fixed
elevation near bottom where
water quality is usually poor

Types of Intake
5. Shore intake

Courtesy: Dr. Tanvir Ahmed, Professor, BUET

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Intake Site Selection


• Water Quality
• Water Depth
• Stream or current velocities
• Foundation Stability
• Access to site
• Power Availability
• Proximity to Water Treatment Plant
• Environmental Impact

Design of Intake and Screens

Head Loss (m) through intake port (orifice equation):


v = velocity, m/s
Cd= coefficient of discharge for orifice, 0.6 – 0.9

Head Loss (m) through screens:

v = velocity through the screen opening, m/s


vv= velocity upstream of the screen (0 in most cases), m/s

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Design Example
Hydraulic data
a. Design flow = 113500 m3/day
b. Minimum reservoir elevation = 70 m (MSL)
c. Maximum reservoir elevation = 90 m (MSL)
d. Normal water surface elevation = 85 m (MSL)
e. Bottom elevation = 60 m (MSL)
f. Lowest gate at a center line elevation = 65.0m (MSL)

Design Guidelines:
a. Intake will withdraw water from max 90 m and min. 70 m
b. Dry tower design with several gates at different elevations
c. Coarse screen will be provided at each gate

Design Example
Step 1: Design of intake structure
a) Select size of intake gate: The gates are sized such that the entire maximum flow
113,500 m3/d can be withdrawn from a single level at a max velocity 0.08 m/s.
withdrawn water should be best water quality.
Q= 113,500 m3/d = 1.31 m3/s
A= (1.31/0.08) = 16.38 m2
This is too large for a single gate, so select two equal size square gates.
Width = (16.38/2)1/2 = 2.86 m
Select standard size . So selected gate size is
Width and height = 3.00 m
Velocity through gate = 1.31/ (3m X3 m) = 0.07 m/s

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