CLJ2 MIDTERM REFRESHER:

1. _______________the complainant or any person that approaches the

Human Rights Desk. State your rank and full name, then ask the
complainant or person about his specific need or purpose for
approaching your desk.
-Politely greet
2. The complainant or any person that approaches the Human Rights
Desk. State your rank and full name, then ask the complainant or
person about his specific need or purpose for approaching your desk.
-I
3. Assess if the complaint is about alleged enforced disappearance (ED)
extra-legal killing (ELK), torture (TOR), illegal arrest (IA), or excessive
use of force by a police officer and/or law enforcer (EF).
-III
4. Through initial interview, evaluate of the complaint is about an alleged
human rights violation or a typical complaint that is supposed to be
handled by other desks such as the Investigation Desk, Women &
Children’s Protection Desk (WCPD), etc
-II
5. Assess if the complaint is related to human rights violations cited in No.
2, get a written statement from the complainant about the incident. Get
full details of the incident, complete name and contact details of the
complainant, and other pertinent information.
-IV
6. Inform the complainant that he/she will receive an update on actions
taken by the Human Rights Desk / Police Station within three (3) days.
Further, inform the complainant that the update on actions taken may
be sent via phone call, text message, email, or as a last resort, via post
mail. Also provide the complainant with your official telephone/fax
numbers, e-mail address, and other contact details.

-V

7. Thank the complainant for reporting the incident / alleged human rights
violation. Express reassurance that the Human Rights Desk would
closely monitor the actions that will be taken by the appropriate police
units or government agencies that will handle the complaint or report of
alleged human rights violation.

-VI
8. Assess if the complaint is about alleged _______________ extra-legal
killing (ELK), torture (TOR), illegal arrest (IA), or excessive use of force
by a police officer and/or law enforcer (EF).
-Enforced Disappearance
9. WCPD STANDS FOR __________________________
-Women & Children’s Protection Desk

10. Thank the complainant for reporting the incident / alleged human rights
violation. Express reassurance that the Human Rights Desk would
closely monitor the actions that will be taken by the appropriate police
units or government agencies that will handle the complaint or report of
alleged human rights violation.
-VI
11. The complainant or any person that approaches the Human Rights
Desk. State your rank and full name, then ask the complainant or
person about his specific need or purpose for approaching your desk.
-I
12. Inform the complainant that he/she will receive an update on actions
taken by the Human Rights Desk / Police Station within three (3) days.
Further, inform the complainant that the update on actions taken may
be sent via phone call, text message, email, or as a last resort, via post
mail. Also provide the complainant with your official telephone/fax
numbers, e-mail address, and other contact details.
-V

13. Assess if the complaint is related to human rights violations cited in No.
2, get a written statement from the complainant about the incident. Get
full details of the incident, complete name and contact details of the
complainant, and other pertinent information.
-The statement is correct

14. Thank the suspect for reporting the incident / alleged human rights
violation. Express reassurance that the Human Rights Desk would
closely monitor the actions that will be taken by the appropriate police
units or government agencies that will handle the complaint or report of
alleged human rights violation
-The statement is wrong
15. The complainant or any person that approaches the Human Rights
Desk. State your rank and full name, then ask the complainant or
person about his specific need or purpose for approaching your desk.
-The statement is correct
16. Inform the complainant that he/she will receive an update on actions
taken by the Human Rights Desk / Police Station within two (2) days.
 Further, inform the complainant that the update on actions taken may
be sent via phone call, text message, email, or as a last resort, via post
mail. Also provide the complainant with your official telephone/fax
numbers, e-mail address, and other contact details.
-The statement is wrong
17. Assess if the complaint is about alleged enforced disappearance (ED)
extra-legal killing (ELK), torture (TOR), illegal arrest (IA), or excessive
use of force by a police officer and/or law enforcer (EF).
-III
18. _______________the complainant or any person that approaches the
Human Rights Desk. State your rank and full name, then ask the
complainant or person about his specific need or purpose for
approaching your desk.
-Politely greet
19. The complainant or any person that approaches the Human Rights
Desk. State your rank and full name, then ask the complainant or
person about his specific need or purpose for approaching your desk.
-I
20. Assess if the complaint is about alleged enforced disappearance (ED)
extra-legal killing (ELK), torture (TOR), illegal arrest (IA), or excessive
use of force by a police officer and/or law enforcer (EF).
-III

1. Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian
population and combatants, and between civilian objects and military
objectives and, accordingly, shall direct their operations only against
military objectives.
-Principle of Distinction
2. The actual damage that is caused by attacking a military target must not
be larger than the calculated military advantage.

-Principle of Proportionality
3. The only legitimate objective, which states should endeavor to
accomplish during war, is to weaken the military forces of the enemy;
that for this purpose, it is sufficient to disable the greatest possible
number.
-Principle of Military Necessity
4. The 1949 ______________ and their Additional Protocols are the
international treaties which serve as the core of international
humanitarian law, a part of the body of international law that governs the
behavior of states during warfare and internal armed conflict. However,
 treaties of IHL, to be universally accepted must be formally adopted by a
State through ratification or accession.
-Geneva Conventions

5. The Philippines ratified the Geneva Conventions of 1949 on October 6, 1952

and signed the following Additional Protocols on ____________: Protocol I
which applies to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts and
Protocol II which deals with the protection of victims of non-international
armed conflicts. On December 11, 1986, the Philippines ratified Protocol II.
-December 12, 1977

6. The Philippine government enacted ____________, otherwise known as

the “Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law
and Genocide and Other Crimes Against Humanity,” which mandates
both state and non-state armed groups to observe international
humanitarian law standards, giving victims of war crimes, genocide, and
crimes against humanity legal remedy.
-Republic Act 9851

7. The Philippines adopt the generally accepted principles of international law as

part of the law of the country, including the Hague Conventions of 1907, the
Geneva Conventions on the protection of victims of war and international
humanitarian law (Section 2d, RA 9851)
-International law as part of the domestic law

8. The law provides that Philippine Regional Trial Courts (RTC) shall have
the original and exclusive jurisdiction over persons who commit
international crimes punishable under this law, whether military or
civilian, suspected or accused of the crimes defined and penalized under
this law. (Section 17, Chapter VII, RA 9851).
-Universal jurisdiction of the crime

9. The crimes defined and penalized under this law, their prosecution, and the
execution of sentences imposed on their account, shall not be subject to any
prescription. (Section 11, Chapter 5, RA 9851
-Non-prescription of the offense

10. The law lays down the rules which are applicable to both State and non-State
actors. Hence, CNN, MILF, MNLF, ASG and other armed threat groups in the
country may also be held individually criminally liable for grave breaches of the
Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol I, and for other serious
violations of IHL in non-international armed conflicts.
 -Liability of non-state

11. In case of a non-international armed conflict, “war crimes” are nay of the
following acts committed against persons taking no active part in the
hostilities, including members of the armed forces who have laid down their
arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention or any
other cause.
-War crimes or crimes against

12. _____________means any of the following acts with intent to destroy, in

whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, religious, social or any other similar
stable and permanent group.
-Genocide
13. _____________means any of the following acts when committed as part of a
widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with
knowledge of the attack.
-Other Crimes Against Humanity

14. Which of the following is the acts with intent to destroy in Genocide?
-Arbitrary deportation or forcible transfer of population

15. Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian
population and combatants, and between civilian objects and military
objectives and, accordingly, shall direct their operations only against
military objectives.
-Principle of Distinction

16. The actual damage that is caused by attacking a military target must not
be larger than the calculated military advantage.
-Principle of Proportionality

17. The only legitimate objective, which states should endeavor to

accomplish during war, is to weaken the military forces of the enemy;
that for this purpose, it is sufficient to disable the greatest possible
number.
-Principle of Military Necessity

18. The 1949 ______________ and their Additional Protocols are the
international treaties which serve as the core of international
humanitarian law, a part of the body of international law that governs the
behavior of states during warfare and internal armed conflict. However,
 treaties of IHL, to be universally accepted must be formally adopted by a
State through ratification or accession.
-Geneva Conventions

19. The Philippines ratified the Geneva Conventions of 1949 on October 6, 1952
and signed the following Additional Protocols on ____________: Protocol I
which applies to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts and
Protocol II which deals with the protection of victims of non-international
armed conflicts. On December 11, 1986, the Philippines ratified Protocol II.
-December 12, 1977

20. The Philippine government enacted ____________, otherwise known as

the “Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law
and Genocide and Other Crimes Against Humanity,” which mandates
both state and non-state armed groups to observe international
humanitarian law standards, giving victims of war crimes, genocide, and
crimes a

-Republic Act 9851

1. It is the International Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC), with two general

objectives and areas of concern regarding armed conflict.
-International Humanitarian Law

2. As to protection of its victims (“Geneva Law” or “__________”)

-Red cross law

3. As to limitation of its methods and means (“__________”). Human

rights and humanitarian law are two distinct and yet very closely related
branches of the international legal.
-Hague Law
4. _______________ Establishes universal rights that every individual
should enjoy at all times, in both peace and war. States are obliged vis-
a-vis the individual living within their jurisdiction to respect and protect
these.
-Human rights Law

5. _________________ The law of armed conflict or the law of war: a

body of rules which in wartime protect persons who are not or no
longer participating in the hostilities and which limit methods and
means of warfare – to make war the least inhumane possible. Warning
 parties, traditionally States in international conflicts are to observe and
comply with these rules.
-Humanitarian Law

6. The following are the Universal Instruments except one.

-The European Convention of Human Rights of 1950.

7. The following are the Universal Instruments except one.

-The American Convention of Human Rights of 1969.

8. The following are the Regional Instruments except one.

-International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966 on the
International Covenant on Social and Economic Rights of 1966.

9. Its provisions are intended both _____________ who are not or no

longer taking part in hostilities as well as to restrict the methods and
means use to wage war.
-To protect people

10. Its purpose is to limit the suffering war causes by affording victim the
maximum possible protection and assistance. Scope The greater part
of international humanitarian law applies to situations involving
international armed conflicts waged between subjects of international
law. While there are only limited rules concerning non-international
armed conflicts, i.e. conflicts within a country, they, too, are considered
of great importance.
-Concept

11. Underlying all norms in the area of humanitarian international law is the
effort to find a balance between the conflicting interests of military
necessity on the one hand and humanity on the other.
-Key principle

12. Neither the conflicting parties nor members of their armed forces have
unlimited freedom in the choice of methods and means with which to
wage war
-Key principle

13. Hence the use of weapons and methods which inflict excessive injuries
and unnecessary suffering is forbidden.
-Key principle
 14. To protect the ________________ and civilian objects, these must in
all circumstances be a clear distinction made between civilians and
combatants.
-Civilian population

15. Combatants and civilians in the power of an opposing party have the
right to have their _______ and ________ respected.
-Lives and Dignity

16. Its purpose is to limit the suffering war causes by affording victim the
maximum possible protection and assistance. Scope The greater part
of international humanitarian law applies to situations involving
international armed conflicts waged between subjects of international
law. While there are only limited rules concerning non-international
armed conflicts, i.e. conflicts within a country, they, too, are considered
of great importance.
-Concept

17. Its provisions are intended both _____________ who are not or no
longer taking part in hostilities as well as to restrict the methods and
means use to wage war.
-To protect people

18. The following are the Universal Instruments except one.

-The American Convention of Human Rights of 1969.

19. It is the International Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC), with two general
objectives and areas of concern regarding armed conflict.
-International Humanitarian Law

20. As to protection of its victims (“Geneva Law” or “__________”)

-Red cross law

1. What is the main goal of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)?
-To protect and assist victims of armed conflict

2. Which of the following symbols is used by the ICRC to indicate neutral protection?
- Red Cross or Red Crescent on a white background
3. Who founded the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)?
-Henry Dunant

4. Which international body collaborates with the ICRC in humanitarian activities?

- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

5. What is International Humanitarian Law (IHL)?

-The principles and rules limiting the use of violence in armed conflict

6. When was the first Geneva Convention adopted?

-1864

7. Which treaty prohibits the use of chemical weapons in warfare?

- Convention on Chemical Weapons

8. What is the main concern of the "Law of Geneva"?

- The protection of victims of armed conflict

9. What does the Red Cross or Red Crescent symbol indicate?

- Medical personnel and establishments must be spared

10. The ICRC and the Red Crescent Movement are known for their principle of:
-Impartiality

11. Which protocol focuses on protecting the rights of children in armed conflicts?
-The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child

12. The ICRC has the legal right to offer its services in situations of:
-Civil war

13. The 1949 Geneva Convention includes provisions for the:

-Treatment of prisoners of war

14. Which of the following treaties focuses on the protection of cultural property
during armed conflict?
-The Hague Convention of 1954

15. Which law is concerned with permissible means and methods of warfare?
-Law of The Hague
16. According to international humanitarian law, what is prohibited in warfare?
-Weapons causing unnecessary suffering

17. What year was the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court adopted?
-1998

18. The ICRC helps restore family links that are broken due to:
-Armed conflict

19. The main focus of the “Law of The Hague” is:

- Methods and means of warfare

20. Which treaty banned the use of blinding laser weapons in warfare?
-1995 Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons

1. What type of office is the Commission on Human Rights (CHR)?

- Constitutional creation

2. Which of the following is one of the powers of the CHR?

-Investigate civil and political rights violations

3. How does the CHR provide legal assistance?

-By offering legal aid and counseling

4. What is the main focus of the CHR’s "Human Rights Protection" program?
- Investigation and hearing of complaints

5. What does the CHR's "Visitorial Powers" entail?

-The right to monitor jails and detention centers

6. Which CHR program is responsible for providing education and public

information?
-Human rights promotion
7. The CHR is tasked with ensuring compliance with which of the following?
- International human rights treaties

8. The CHR can provide which of the following to victims of human rights violations?
-Compensation and legal measures

9. Who can file a complaint with the Commission on Human Rights?

-Any Filipino citizen or foreign resident

10. What kind of research does the CHR conduct?

- Human rights education and protection research

11. What is one of the goals of the CHR’s Human Rights Promotion program?
-To educate the public on human rights

12. The CHR has the power to investigate which types of rights violations?
-Trade agreements

13. Which group does the CHR monitor for compliance with human rights standards?
-The Philippine Government

14. The CHR has the authority to grant what to individuals involved in investigations?
- Immunity from prosecution

15. What services are included under the CHR’s visitorial powers?
- Jail and detention center visits

16. The CHR operates under which of the following structures?

-It is an independent constitutional office

17. The CHR provides assistance to which group through its Child Rights Protection
Services?
-Children affected by human rights violations

18. The CHR has the power to cite individuals for contempt in accordance with what?
-Rules of Court

19. What does the CHR recommend to Congress regarding human rights violations?
- Effective measures for human rights promotion and compensation for victims

20. Who appoints the officers and employees of the Commission on Human Rights?
- CHR itself, in accordance with the law