IVECO SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE IRON

15-2218
Standard Page 1/5
MATERIAL TABLE Date 26.10.2010
All rights reserved. This standard must not be reproduced or in any way utilized by other parties without the written consent of IVECO.

Supervisor: IVECO STD. 19-0201

Manager: IVECO STD. 19-0201

1 PURPOSE

1.1 This standard covers spheroidal graphite iron castings (also known as nodular iron castings), in
which the graphite consists mainly of spheroids.

1.2 Nodular iron castings shall be obtained by gravity casting in sand molds.

1.3 Nodular iron may be obtained by means of any process provided the requirements specified
herein are met.

2 SCOPE AND MATERIAL CODE

In case of dispute the only valid reference is the original Italian edition.

TYPE OF IRON MATERIAL CODE APPLICATIONS

GH 90-52-05
14003
(*) Parts highly stressed or requiring high hardness (HCR ≥ 50)
after induction hardening.
GH 90-52-05 AS Example: Connecting rods, camshafts and crankshafts.
14907
(D)

GH 65-48-05 14002 General purpose applications on commercial vehicles.

GH 60-38-10 14001
Examples: Struts, gear forks, differential housings, etc.
GH 52-32-10 14904

GH 45-33-15 Parts requiring high toughness. E.g. disk brake park brake
14000
(*) levers
HANDLING ON INTERLEAF

(*) The use of these types of iron depends on shape and size of parts involved, as these parameters restrict the
heat treating somewhat (normalizing for GH 90-52-05 and annealing for GH 45-33-15).
(D) AS cast = As cast

Edition Date Description of modifications Group

1 20.10.1983 New.
2 14.02.1992 Wholly revised. Vermiculite iron suppressed and list of usable nodular irons
introduced.
3 17.06.1996 Iron GH 90-52-05AS added and consequently, title and paras.2, 4.1, 4.3,
5.1, 5.2 , 5.3.1 and Applicable documents revised.
4 21.12.2001 Paras.4.1 and 5.1 revised. FIAT references superseded by IVECO STAN‐ TMD
DARD references.
5 04.04.2008 Supervisor and manager added, para. 5.2 altered.
6 01.09.2010 Changed Supervisor and Manager and revised Reference documents.
7 26.10.2010 Completely revised
AS UPDATE STATUS OF PRINTOUTS CANNOT BE MONITORED, CHECK WEB SITE FOR THE LATEST DOCUMENT EDITION.

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3 EXAMPLE OF INDICATION ON DRAWING

MATERIAL ENGINEERING CODE MATERIAL CODE

GH 90-52-05 15-2218 14003

3.1 For critical parts add inspection hardness reading as per para. 5.2.

3.2 Where a component or part thereof is to be surface hardened, include heat treatment
requirement.
Example: GH 45-33-15 TMP/INDUZ. 3.
Mark surfaces to be treated as per IVECO STD. 10-1521 .

3.3 Where necessary, complete material description with shape and size of graphite crystals.

4 MATERIAL

4.1 Heat analysis [%]

PERCENTAGES FOR GUIDANCE ONLY MANDATORY PERCENTAGES

C Yes Mn Mg s S P

3,70 2,65 0,40 0,01 - 0,05 v 0.020 v 0.05

NOTE : Supplier may add extra binders on heat to meet specific hardness and structural needs.
Other elements may be included as impurities provided their extent is not such as to adversely
affect casting characteristics.
s For in-ladle spheroidizing processes, Mg content shall be: 0,030 - 0,080.

4.2 Physical and electrical properties (for guidance only)

Density : 7,1 kg/dm3;

Young's modulus (E) : 156.960 N/mm2;
Shear modulus (G) : 61.800 N/mm2;
Electrical resistivity : 40 - 105 μΩcm
Specific heat at 20 - 100 oC : 0,607 J/(g . K)
Thermal conductivity coefficient at 20 oC : 0,293 - 0,335 W/(cm . K).

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4.3 Fabricating properties

The following decreasing ratings apply:

Excellent, good, sufficient, mediocre, insufficient, difficult.

PROCESSABI‐ TOGH‐ WEAR RESI‐

TYPE OF IRON WELDABILITY
LITY NESS STANCE

GH 90-52-05 Difficult

GH 90-52-05 AS Sufficient Excellent

GH 65-48-05 NOTE: Best results are obtained using Good

electrodes at 60 % Ni and 40
GH 60-38-10 % Fe plus specific heat treat‐
Good ment to prevent the formation Good
GH 52-32-10 of white iron.

GH 45-33-15 Excellent Excellent Mediocre

5 CASTINGS

5.1 Mechanical properties at incoming inspection

On separately cast test specimens (see IVECO STD. 15-0258 ) or on cut test specimens
taken from areas called up on dwg (if applicable) or applicable standards, see IVECO STD.
18-1310 .

HARDNESS HB
TENSILE TEST (IVECO STD. 15-01 13)
TEST

TYPE OF IRON
R (min) Rs (min) A5 (min) (I.S. 15-0106 )

N/mm2 N/mm2 % 

GH 90-52-05
880 510 5 250 - 305
GH 90-52-05 AS

GH 65-48-05 640 470 5 240 - 280

GH 60-38-10 590 370 10 190 - 250

GH 52-32-10 510 310 9 170 - 220

GH 45-33-15 440 325 15 150 - 190

Brinell hardness test to be carried out on tightening head of test specimen used for tensile test.

 See note on next page.

NOTE : Deviation by default permitted on cut test specimens not to exceed 10 % for Rm ed Rp 0,2, al 20
% for elongation relative to readings called up in table.

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5.2 Structural properties

HARDNESS
CONDITION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES
TYPE OF IRON HB TEST 
CASTING FERROUS MATRIX 
(I.S. 15-0106 )

GH 90-52-05 Normalized 250 - 300 Pearlitic structure; Ferrite v 8 %; Cementite

traces permitted
GH 90-52-05 AS 255 - 305

Pearlite structure; Ferrite v 20 %; Cementite v

GH 65-48-05 240 - 280
5%
Iron casting
GH 60-38-10 190 - 250
Pearlite-ferrite structure; Cementite v 5 % 
GH 52-32-10 170 - 220

Annealed or allowed
GH 45-33-15 150 -190 Mainly ferritic structure; No cementite
to cool slowly

 Both phases, pearlite and ferrite, must be present in % compatible with mechanical properties
specified.
Metallographic specimen for evaluation of percent ferrite shall be observed at x 100
magnification and subsequently compared against typical specimens as per para.5.4.

 On parts having thicknesst 6 mm test for hardness under 7360 N load and ball Ø 5 mm. On
parts having thickness w 6 mm test for hardness under 29430 N and ball Ø 10 mm.
 For micro analysis see IVECO STD. 15-0210 . Where specifically required, inspect for size of
spheroidal graphite (seeIVECO STD. 15-0260 ).
Percent spheroidal graphite must bew 90 %, non spheroidal graphite percent lower than 10 %
tolerated.
Metallographic specimen for evaluation of graphite spheroidizing shall be observed at x 100
magnification and subsequently compared against typical specimens as per para5.3.
Percent evaluation of ferrous matrix and graphite shall be evaluated separately.

5.3 Evaluation of percent spheroidal graphite using typical image specimens

u 90 % Spheroidal graphite 85 % Spheroidal graphite 75 % Spheroidal graphite

55 % Spheroidal graphite 30 % Spheroidal graphite 10 % Spheroidal graphite

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5.4 Evaluation of percent ferrite using typical image specimens

10 % Ferrite 30 % Ferrite 45 % Ferrite

60 % Ferrite 75 % Ferrite 90 % Ferrite

5.5 Heat treatments

5.5.1 Surface hardening

All types of iron may be surface hardened by induction or flame hardening, applying special
procedures. Obtainable readings are given hereunder.

GH 90-52-05
TYPE OF IRON GH 65-48-05 GH 60-38-10 GH 52-32-10 GH 45-33-10
GH 90-52-05 AS

Surface hardening
HRC w 50 w 48 w 45 w 42 w 40
(I.S. 15-0108 )

5.5.2 Annealing

To increase processability of GH 65-48-05 castings, hardness may be reduced by annealing. To

ensure specified tensile properties, hardness HB must not be reduced to below 240.

STANDARDS QUOTED

IVECO STD.: 10-1521, 15-0106, 15-0108, 15-0113, 15-0210, 15-0258, 15-0260, 18-1310, 19-0201.

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